ObjectiveTo study the clinical value and efficacy of intracranial hemorrhage smashpuncture needle with YL-1 type disposable under CT monitoring in treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.MethodsThe data of 80 cases with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients who accepted the transcranial puncture under CT monitoring application of YL-1 type disposable intracranial hemorrhage smash puncture needle and drainage of hemorrhage,punctuated with urokinase washout and drainaged residual blood clot.Evaluation criteria:hemorrhage volume reduction,average operation time,preoperative and postoperative Glasgow coma scale(GCS) score,the clinical effect of long-term follow-up.ResultsOperation time was 15-45 (25.0 ± 2.8) minutes;hemorrhage volume was reduced by an average of 30％-80％ (56.8 ± 3.2)％,the average increase of GCS was(2.3 ±0.3) scores,10 cases death in 80 patients,70 survivors' activities of daily living (ADL) assessments:grade ADL 1 in 17 cases ( 24.3 ％ ),grade ADL2 in 36 cases( 51.4％ ),grade ADL3 in 13 cases ( 18.6％ ),grade ADL4 in 3 cases(4.3％ ),grade ADL5 in 1 case ( 1.4％ ).ConclusionsYL-1 type disposable intracranial hemorrhage smash puncture needle under CT monitoring in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage is a simple,fast and accurate positioning,without craniotomy and blood transfusion,safe and effective operation,but should pay attention to operation indications.

Objective To investigate the effects of thymosin ?1 on the proliferation of human umbilical veinssel endothelial cells(HUVECs) and synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).Methods HUVECs(ECV-304) were cultured with the treatment of 100 ?l thymosin ?1 at 0,5 or 2.5 ?g/ml for 1 d in vitro.The proliferation of HUVECs were measured with MTT assay,cell cycle was tested with flow cytometry and the synthesis of VEGF was detected with Western blot analysis.Results Thymosinal promoted the proliferation of HUVECs,and the cells in S-phase was increased,and obviously promoted the synthesis of VEGF.Conclusion Thymosin ?1 promotes the proliferation of HUVECs and increases the synthesis of VEGF in HUVECs,and may have the effect of increasing the angiogenesis in the process of wound tissue.

Objective To quantitatively investigate the expression levels of the cytosine deaminases,hA3B,hA3F and hA3G in peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC)of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infected patients and to analyze the correlation between cytosine deaminases expression and CD4~+ T lymphocyte counts. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 21 HIV-infected subjects who didn't take antiretroviral therapy(ART-),21 HIV-infected subjects receiving ART(ART+),and 10 HIV-uninfected subjects. PBMC were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, followed by RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis.hA3B,hA3F and hA3G mRNA levels were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR).CD4~+ T lymphocyte counts were determined using flow cytometry. Data were analyzed by t test, t' test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results In HIV-infected subjects without or with ART,HIV-uninfected subjects, the levels of hA3B mRNA were 208.4,365.2 and 563.6,hA3F mRNA were 245.5,316.6 and 442.9,hA3G mRNA were 404.6,360.8 and 638.6,respectively.hA3G mRNA level in HIV-infected subjects was lower than that in HIV-uninfected controls(P=0.0131),but there was no statistical difference between ART+ and ART-groups(P=0.7342).There were no correlations between hA3B,hA3F and hA3G mRNA levels and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts in either ART-or ART+HIV-infected subjects(ART-:r=-0.0104,r=-0.0545,r=0.1623,all P＞0.05;ART+:r=0.3220,r=0.2193,r=0.1455,all P＞0.05).In addition,hA3B,hA3F and hA3G mRNA levels were positively correlated with one another in ART-HIV-infected subjects and HIV-uninfected controls(P＜0.05),but not in ART-HIV-infected subjects(P＞0.05).Conclusions hA3B,hA3F and hA3G expression levels do not directly correlate with CD4~+ T lymphocyte counts in HIV-1-infected patients,hA3B,hA3F and hA3G expression levels in PBMCs tend to he decreased after HIV-1 infection, and ART may increase hA3B and hA3F mRNA expression.

We retrospectively reviewed the tongue images and related clinical data of 118 AIDS patients treated in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University. The tongue images included: cyanotic and purplish tongue ( 33, 28.0% ), light-reddish tongue ( 32, 27.1% ), light-whitish tongue (21, 17.8% ) , bulgy tongue(19, 16.1% ), dark-red tongue (7, 5.9% ) and fissured tongue (6,5.1% ). There were significant differences in counts of CD4+T lymphocytes, white blood cells and red blood cells among different tongue imagine groups. The tongue image can indicate the pathogenic factors of disease as well as the functions of viscera in AIDS patients.

Objective To study the effects about rhizoma drynariae poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (DR-PLGA) /Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) composite scaffold on treating rabbit femoral bone defect.Methods Eight Newzealand rabbits were randomly divided into experiment group(n =4) and control group (n =4).The preparation of rabbit femoral bone defect model,separately implanted DR-PLGA/CPC scaffold and PLGA/CPC scaffold.After 4,8 weeks,we took out the materials,observed with X-ray,gross anatomy,histology observation to evaluate the osteogenetic activity,the effect of accelerating the healing of bone defect.Resuits At the 4th week and 8th week after implantation,the effect of promoting fracture healing and osteogenic activity of the experiment group were greater than those in the control group.Conclusions DR-PLGA combined with CPC could induce new bone formation,promote the healing of rabbit femoral defect.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of two tuberculosis-specific IFN-γ release assays in latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-infected individuals. Methods The levels of tuberculosis antigen-specific IFN-γin 102 HIV patients from AIDS Outpatient Clinic of Shenzhen Third People's Hospital were detected by in-house tuberculosis-specific IFN-γ ELISpot assay and commercial T-SPOT TB kit, and tuberculin skin test (TST) were done at the same time. There were 66 males and 36 females,and the average age was 35. Results Seventeen HIV infected patients were positive in both IFN-γ ELISpot and T-SPOT TB methods, the sensitivity, specificity positive predictive value(PPV), negative predictive value(NPV) and compliance rates of ELISpot were 94. 4% ,94. 0% ,77. 3% ,98. 8% and 94. 1% ,respectively. Three patients were positive in both IFN-γELISpot and T-SPOT TB methods, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and compliance rates of TST were 16. 7%, 98. 8%, 75.0%, 84. 7% and 84. 3%, respectively. The average number of spots using three kinds of antigen ESAT-6, Pool A,Pool B obtained were 26. 89 ±5. 77,18. 96 ±4. 75 and 14. 51 ± 3.77, respectively. Only ESAT-6 and Pool B have a statistically significant difference (H=7.557,P = 0.022 9), no significant difference was shown between other groups. There was no significant difference between the positive rate and the CD4+ T cellls number(x2 =0. 860 8 ,P =0. 650 2) ,as the same as the T-SPOT TB (x2 = 1. 396 4, P = 0. 497 5 ). Conclusions The performance of this in-house tuberculosis-specific IFN-γ ELISPot assay was comparable to T-SPOT assay in diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection, and the sensitivity and specificity of both these two assays were all much higher than TST. They canbe recommended in diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection in HIV infected patients.

Objective:To assess the value of CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocyte counts for the diagnostic classification and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods:A total of 95 COVID-19 adult patients admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University from January to March 2020 were recruited. The CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocyte counts among ordinary, severe and critical patients, as well among the cured, improved, unimproved and death patients were compared. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the value of CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocyte counts for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19. The comparison among groups was performed by Mann-Whitney U test. Results:A total of 95 COVID-19 cases including 68 common, 11 severe and 16 critical cases were enrolled. The counts of CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocyte of patients in common, severe and critical groups were 419 (309, 612), 267 (212, 540), 141 (77, 201)/μL, and 238 (153, 375), 128 (96, 172), 92 (51, 144)/μL, respectively, with significant differences ( Z=24.322 and 15.956, respectively, both P<0.01). The counts of CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocyte of the death, unimproved, improved, and cured patients were 149 (143, 349), 315 (116, 414), 344 (294, 426), 745 (611, 966)/μL, and 106 (43, 501), 176(67, 279), 194(188, 432), 429(276, 564)/μL, respectively, with significant differences ( Z=36.083 and 16.658, respectively, both P<0.01). The optimal cut-off point of CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts was 237/μL for critical COVID-19 with AUROC 0.911 (95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.833-0.989, P<0.01), with the sensitivity of 86.1% and specificity of 87.5%. For predicting severe and critical cases, the optimal cut-off point of CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts was 405/μL with AUROC 0.863 (95% CI 0.727-0.999, P=0.001), with the sensitivity of 78.6% and specificity of 74.6%. Conclusions:The conditions of patients with COVID-19 are aggravated with CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocyte counts decreasing. CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts may be an indicator for diagnostic classification of COVID-19 and prognostic indicator for severe and critical patients.

Objectives Occult HBV infection is defined by positive HBV DNA in individuals with undetectable levels of HBsAg.The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of occult HBV infection in HIV-infected patients.Methods Serum samples were obtained from 105 HBs Ag-negative HIV patients who were hospitalized and were not giyen anti-virus treatment at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.Microparticle enzyme immunoassay(MEIA)was used to detect HBV serologic markers(HBsAg,anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-Hbe and anti-HBc).EUSA was used to detect HCV antibody.CD4+ T cell count was examined with flow cytometry.Nested PCR was used to amplify surface protein region of HBV.Results 32(30.5%)patients(27 men,5 women)were HBV DNA positive in the 105 HBsAg-negative HIV-infected patients(92 men and 13 women).22 patients(including 5 patients with HBV DNA+)were in 16-30 years group,44 patients(including 15 patients with HBV DNA+)were in 31-49 years group and 39 patients(including 12 patients with HBV DNA+)were in 50-75 years group.5 patients were negative for all HBV serologic markers and 27 patients detected with at least one of anti-HBc.anti.Hbe or anti-HBs.14 patients (29.8%)with HBV DNA+in 47 HIV-infected patients were coinfected with HCV,18 patients(31.0%)were HBV DNA+in 58 HIV-monoinfected patients.The median absolute CD4+T eell count was 145.1cells/μ1(4-623 cells/μ1),26 patients(34.7%)were HBV DNA+in 75 AIDS patients with CD4+T cell＜200 cells/μ1 and 6 patients(20.0%)HBV DNA+in 30 HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T cell＞200cells/μ1.No statistical significant association could be established between the above factors.Conclusions It is found tIlatoccult HBV did occur in HIV-infected patients.No statistical significant association could be established between occult HBV infection and gender,age,HBV serologic markers,coinfected HCV and CD4+T cell count.

Objective To analyze the causes of death for 89 HIV/AIDS patients,and the association of CD4+ T lymphocyte counts with the mortality.Methods Data were collected from 89 deceasedpatients who were admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from Jan 1996 to Sep 2007,and wereretrospectively analyzed with t-test.Results Heterosexual,blood transfusion and blood products were themajor transmission routs for 89 deceased HIV/AIDS patients.The primary causes of death varied with different levels of CD4+ T lymphocyte counts.With higher CD4+T lymphocyte counts,patients were more likelyto die from non-AIDS-related opportunistic infections such as upper digestive tract hemorrhage.Serious pulmonary infection induced by various etiologies was the primary cause of death.Co-infections of multiple etiologics were often seen in these death cases.Conclusion Opportunistic infection is the primary cause of death for HIV/AIDS patients.Appropriate therapies should be based on CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and patients' specific conditions to reduce the mortality.