Objective To study the relationship between the thyroid dysfunction and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Two thousands and twelve patients,diagnosed as CAD by coronary angiography from January 2003 to February 2010 in Peking Union Hospital,were enrolled into this study and divided into normal thyroid function, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism groups. The thyroid function data and the coronary angiography findings were compared among three groups. Results The incidence rates of hypertension (40%vs. 69. 4% vs. 78.6%, x2 = 12. 331, P = 0. 01) and hyperlipemia(20. 0% vs. 67.4% vs. 85.7%, x2 =12. 331 ,P=0. 002) in hyperthyroidism patients were significantly lower than normal thyroid function patients and hypothyroidism patients, but no significant differences were found in the comparison of diabetes incidence rates among three groups (20. 0% vs. 41.6% vs. 35.7%, x2 = 2. 114,P =0. 347). According to the coronary angiography findings, we found that the incidence rate of CAD of hypothyroidism patients was higher than hyperthyroidism patients(71.0% vs. 55. 2%, x2. = 1. 804, P = 0. 179), but the difference didn' t reach statistically significant level. Two hyperthyroidism patients had coronary artery spasm and acute myocardial infarction. Conclusion Hypothyroidism had more promotion effect on coronary artery disease than hyperthyroidism,but higher serum thyroxin level increased the risk of coronary spasm and the probability of acute myocardial infarction,which could be well adjusted by medication treatment.

As a transmembrane protein, β-amyloid precursor protein(β-APP) distributes extensively in the central nervous system, has the effect of neurotrophic, and neuroprotective, promote neurite growth and synaptogenesis, β-amyloid(Aβ) is the digestion products of its precursor-APP in the pathological conditions, and it is the main component of senile plaques-the main pathological changes of Alzheimer' s disease (AD), its toxic effects can also induce neuronal apoptosis, The expression of the two proteins after brain injuried has a close relationship with the injury, cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer' s disease and the pathophysiological changes of central nervous system. To explore its expression in the brain after traumatic brain injury can determine the degree of injury, assess the prognosis and open up new avenues for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an LC-MS method for determination of picamilon in human plasma. METHODS:Picamilon and repaglinide(as internal standard)were separated on Agilent C18 column,using methanol-water(85 ∶ 15) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL?min-1. Column temperature was set at 20 ℃. SIM was used for determination of picamilon in human plasma.Ion mass spectral(m/z) of 207.0→121.1 was selected for picamilon and 451.3→379.2 for repaglinide.RESULTS:The linear range was 50～10 000 ?g?L-1(r=0.999 1); the method recovery was within 99.14%～104.27%. The RSD of inter-day and intra-day validation were 2.12%～5.94% and 7.30%～8.44%,respectively. CONCLUSION:The method is sensitive and accurate for the determination of picamilon in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic study.

Objective To determine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in brain after cerebral hypoxia / reoxygenation and the effects of preoxygenation with different concentrations of oxygen in rats.Methods Seventy-two male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups : group Ⅰ, Ⅱ ,Ⅲ ,and Ⅳ . Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups : a, b, c. Group Ⅰ a, Ⅱ a, Ⅲ a and Ⅳa were preoxygenated with 21 % O2 (Ⅰa), 50 % O2 (Ⅱ a) , 75 % O2 (Ⅲa) and 95 % O2 (Ⅳ a) for 30 min. GroupⅠ b-Ⅳb were subjected to hypoxia (5 % O2 ) for 20 min after preoxygenation. Group Ⅰc-Ⅳc were reoxygenation (98 % O2) for 20 min after preoxygenation and hypoxia. The animals were sacrificed 48 h after the experiment. Brains were immediately removed for microscopic examination and determination of iNOS expression in brain using immuno-histochemistry technique. Results The number of iNOS positive cells was significantly greater in hypoxia groups than that in preoxygenation groups ( P

ABSTRACT AIM To determine Norcantharidin in its tables. METHODS A PHLC method was adopted, using Polaris C18 column(5?,4.6?250 mm) and UV detector at 211 nm wavelength. The mobile phase is consisted of water: methanol(85 : 15 V/V), adjust the pH to 3.1 with phosphoric acid. RESULT Excellent liner relationship was ob- tained from the range of 25 to 1 000 mg ? L-1. The minimal limit of Norcantharidin was 0.2 mg ? L-1. Recovery was 100.84% and RDS was 1.335%. COUCLUSION Practice suggested that this method was rapid, accuracy and suitable for Norcantharidin determining.

Objective To investigate the possible pathogenesis of the cognitive function in unilateral frontal bottom laceration by follow-up study in patients after one month of the onset. Methods MMSE, Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) scales were used to evaluate neurocognitie function in 42 patients after one month of onset of unilateral frontal bottom laceration and 45 normal controls. The wave amplitude and the latency of the endogenous composition N2, P3 of P300 were measured at the cognitive potential instrument. Level of AChE was determined by ELISA and active AChE was analyzed by the ration analyses. Stepwise multivariate regression analyzed the correlation of the overall cognitive function and the lever and active of AChE. Results The cognitive test scores in patients were significantly worse than those in normal controls. The ability of recite sentences, fluency of words, reading, understanding language,cognitive transfering decreases in the left frontal bottom laceration patients (Group A, 23 cases), while the ability of attention, action, organization, graphics depicting, abstract epitoming, logical thinking were all seriously impaired in the patients with right frontal bottom laceration (Group B, 19 cases). The latency of the endogenous composition N2, P3 in patients ( Group A: (322. 4 ± 17.0), (410. 1 ± 19.9) ms; Group B:( 308.4 ± 15.6), (385.5 ± 17.4) ms) is more lengthen ( F = 4. 084, P = 0. 018; F = 3.467, P = 0. 038 )than the normal controls ( (268.6 ± 14. 7 ), ( 369. 2 ± 15. 4 ) ms) and the wave amplitude is lower ( F =2. 986 ,P =0. 047 ;F =3. 313 ,P =0. 041 ). The latency of N2 ,P3 in Group A of is more lengthen than Group B, while the wave amplitude is higher. The difference of the active of AChE in patients and control groups had no statistical significance, however, the level of AChE in two groups had statistical significance. The comparison of the active and the total AChE in patients has also not statistical significance. The correlation of the overall cognitive function has the linear regression with the parts of the brain and the level of AChE ( rY1.2 = 0. 584, P = 0. 039; rY2.1 = 0. 726, P = 0. 017 ). The standardized regression coefficients showed the level of AChE has the biggest influence to the overall cognitive function ( |Beta| =0. 3601, rY2.1 =0. 726).Conclusions AChE may be one of the important factors in the cognitive function after frontal bottom laceration. The specific damages of cognitive function in unilateral frontal bottom laceration patients closely relate with the lesion locations in the injured frontal bottom laceration.

Objective To explore the role of improved cranioplasty plus ventriculoperitoneal shunt in early treatment of hydrocephalus secondary to decompressive craniectomy for patients with severe craniocerebral injury. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 45 patients complicated by hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy for severe craniocerebral injury treated with early stage improved cranioplasty plus ventriculoperitoneal shunt from January 2006 to December 2010.Then,the clinical data,complications and outcomes were summarized. Results All operations were carried out 38-80 days after injury.The postoperative complications were distal obstruction of ventriculoperitoneal shunt in two patients and intracranial infection in one.The clinical symptoms were obviously improved in 36 patients (80％) and the cerebral ventricle was diminished in 34 (76％) one month postoperatively.The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge was good in eight patients,moderate disability in 19,severe disability in 13 and prolonged coma in five,where better recovery (good recovery and moderate disability) in 27 patients (60％) showed significant improvement compared with preoperation ( x2 =23.47,P ＜0.01 ). Conclusion Early cranioplasty plus ventriculoperitoneal shunt is an effective and safe method for treatment of the complicated hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy for severe craniocerebral injury.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of modified large decompressive craniectomy in treatment of severe traumatic brain injury combined with acute subdural hematoma. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out to compare the clinical outcome of large decompressive craniectomy (treatment group) for 81 patients with severe traumatic brain injury combined with acute subdural hematoma from July 2007 to June 2010 and that of standard large trauma decompressive craniectomy (control group) for 65 patients with same injuries from July 2004 to June 2007. Results According to the Glasgow outcome scale at the end of month 6 after injury, there were 21 patients (GCS 5 points) with good recovery, 19 (GCS4 points) with moderate deficit, 24 (GCS 3 points) with severe deficit, five (GCS 2 points) under persistent vegetative status and 12 (GCS 1 points) deaths in the treatment group,with good prognosis rate (good recovery and moderate deficit) of 49% (P ＜ 0.05) and poor prognosis rate of 51%. However, only 21 patients got favorable outcome, including 12 patients (GCS 5 points)with good recovery and nine (GCS 4 points) with moderate deficit; 44 patients got unfavorable outcome (68%), including 22 patients (GCS 3 points) with severe deficit, three (GCS 2 points) under persistent vegetative status and 19 (GCS 1 points) deaths in the control group (P ＜0.05). Furthermore, the incidences of delayed intracranial hematomas and subdural collection of fluid in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Modified large decompressive craniectomy can significantly improve the outcome and reduce complications of patients with severe traumatic brain injury combined with acute subdural hematoma.

Vigilance is defined as the ability to maintain attention for prolonged periods of time. In order to explore the variation of brain vigilance in work process, we designed addition and subtraction experiment with numbers of three digits to induce the vigilance to change, combined it with psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) to measure this process of electroencephalogram (EEG), extracted and analyzed permutation entropy (PE) of 11 cases of subjects' EEG and made a brief comparison with nonlinear parameter sample entropy (SE). The experimental results showed that: PE could well reflect the dynamic changes of EEG when vigilance decreases, and has advantages of fast arithmetic speed, high noise immunity, and low requirements for EEG length. This can be used as a measure of the brain vigilance indicators.
Attention ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Humans ; Mathematics

Mental fatigue is an important factor of human health and safety. It is important to achieve dynamic mental fatigue detection by using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for fatigue prevention and job performance improvement. We in our study induced subjects' mental fatigue with 30 h sleep deprivation (SD) in the experiment. We extracted EEG features, including relative power, power ratio, center of gravity frequency (CGF), and basic relative power ratio. Then we built mental fatigue prediction model by using regression analysis. And we conducted lead optimization for prediction model. Result showed that R2 of prediction model could reach to 0.932. After lead optimization, 4 leads were used to build prediction model, in which R' could reach to 0.811. It can meet the daily applicatioi accuracy of mental fatigue prediction.
Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Mental Fatigue ; Models, Biological ; Sleep Deprivation