BACKGROUND: Colonic manometry is a widely used method to assess digestive tract function and is of crucial importanoe in evaluating colonic activity disorder.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the kinematic and kinetic eatures f intestinal tract pressure signal of healthy volunteers and patients with abnormal colonic pressure.DESIGN: Contrast observation experiment.SETTING: People's Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area.PARTICIPANTS: Two groups of participants were organized. The patient group consisted of six patients ith abnormal colonic function. They received treatment in the People's Hospital, Shanghai Pudong New Area etween January 2000 and August 2001. These patients were not allowed to take any medicine or foods that ould affect intestinal motility within two weeks prior to the study. The control group consisted of nother 2 healthy volunteers who received health examination homeochronously. Informed consents were btained from all the participants. Gastrointestinal tract functionamonitor manufactured by CTD2SYNETICS ompany (Sweden) was employed.METHODS: Participants were asked to lie down on their left sides for 30 inutes quietly before the manometer entered the ileum with the help of an enteroscope. A water bag was ttached to the end of manometer and was filled with water to increase the end weight. The enteroscope was sed to inhale the intra-intestinal gas while it was pulled out. Afterwards, the water bag was emptied. Easurement began after the participant was asked to lie down for another 30 minutes to deplete the bnormal contraction of intestinal tract caused by enteroscope. Every inspection took about 20 minutes. Ubsequently, the water bag was filled with 50 mL water and the gas bag with 50 mL air to simulate the timulation of faeces. The simulation inspection also lasted about 20 minutes. During the measurement rocess, the precise position was determined by a B-type ultrasonic inspection system. The manometer was hen pulled out 20 cm and the same inspection process was repeated. Fractal dimension of intestinal tract ressure was calculated with the method from Higuchi to distinguish normal and abnormal colonic pressure ignal.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fractal dimension analysis of intestinal tract pressure signals.RESULTS: xtensive analysis was conducted for pressure signals of two healthy volunteers and six patients. The racta dimensions of intestinal tract pressure data from normal subjects basically kept around a certain alue, while those from patients varied greatly. There was something wrong with colonic contractions of ntestinal tract of the patients, as the associated fractal dimensions, were around "1".CONCLUSION: ractal imension of intestinal tract pressure signals is calculated, and the resultant fractal dimension can be sed as an index to distinguish normal and abnormal colonic pressure signals.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of insulin aspart (IAsp) versus regular human insulin (RHI) used in basal bolus (BB) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) regimen in patients with diabetes mellitus in Chinese population.Methods We searched MEDLINE (via OVID),the Cochrane Library,Embase,PubMed,CBM,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),and Wanfang databases from the beginning of the databases to November,2015.The randomized controlled trials comparing IAsp and RHI in DM were searched.The meta-analysis in newly diagnosed DM and treated DM was performed by RevMan 5.3.Results A total of 40 trials were included in this study,with 1087 newly diagnosed and 2395 treated DM patients.In both groups,IAsp was better in lowering 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose (2 hPG) after breakfast,lunch and dinner (For newly diagnosed population MD=-1.22,-1.70,-1.44;95%CI:-1.79~-0.64,-2.77~-0.63,-2.12~-0.75;for treated population MD=-1.19,-1.14,-1.03;95%CI:-1.39~-0.98,-1.27~-1.02,-1.25~-0.81) and fasting plasma glucose (For newly diagnosed population MD=-0.55,95%CI:-0.97~-0.12;for treated population MD=-0.24,95%CI:-0.44~-0.03) when compared with RHI.IAsp could shorten the time to achieve blood glucose target(For newly diagnosed population MD=-1.58,95%CI:-1.74~-1.42;for treated population MD=-1.73,95%CI:-2.10~-1.36) and reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia compared with RHI (For newly diagnosed population RR=0.33,95%CI:0.19~0.56;for treated population RR=0.44,95%CI:0.32~0.61) (P<0.05).Moreover,the total daily insulin dose was lower in IAsp therapy than in RHI therapy when using CSII regimen.Conclusion In Chinese DM patients,IAsp shows advantages in controlling 2 hPG,shortening the time to achieve blood glucose target and lowering the risk of hypoglycaemia when compared with RHI.

Objective To set up a clean-up method using gel permeation chromatography(GPC)and ENVI-Carb-SPE.The residues of triadimefon and its metablites,triadimenol A and triadimenol B in ginseng were detected by GC-MS with negative chemical ionization(NCI).Methods The sample was extracted with acetone and the extract was cleaned using GPC and ENVI-Carb-SPE.Based on GC-MS(NCI)the pesticides were separated on a DB-5MS column using a temperature program and were detected with a mass selective detector in selective ion monitoring(SIM)mode.The reference solution was prepared by the blank sample extract to overcome the matrix effect,the external reference method was used to detect.Results Three pesticides were separated within 10 min.The average spiked recoveries in three levels were 90%—105% with relative standard deviations(RSD)below 6%(n=6)in roots and stems.The limits of detection(LOD)of triadimefon and triadimenols were 0.1 and 10 ?g/L.The precision was below 2%(n=6).Conclusion The method is sensitive for the residue analysis of three pesticides and could be used to the triadimefon and triadimenols detection and security control in ginseng.

In this study,the L.dumoffii TEX-KL (ATCC 33343),L.dumoffii NY23 (ATCC 33279) and L.pneumophila philadelphila-1 (ATCC 33155) strains were used to explore the adhesion,invasion and intracellular growth ability in the epithelial cells.Approximately 1× 108 bacteria were pelleted,resuspended,and diluted (1 ∶ 10) in RPMI 1640 tissue culture medium.The bacteria were then added to A549 cells (1 × 105 per well) in 24-well plates to give a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of about 100.The Gimenez staining and colony counting methods were used for the determination of the strain adhesion,invasion and intracellular growth ability.It was found that in vitro growth ability of L.pneumophila philadelphila-1,L.dumoffii TEX-KL and L.dumoffii NY23 strains had no significant difference.For in vivo assay,there was also no significant difference in adhesion ability of these strains.However,the CFU counts of L.dumoffii TEX-KL strain invaded into A549 cells was 1 000 times higher than that of the other two strains.Compared with L.pneumophila philadelphila-1 and L.dumoffii NY23 strains,L.dumoffii TEX-KL strain has higher invasion ability and,therefore,higher intracellular growth ability.

Objective To investigate the complications of urodynamic examinations. Methods All the complications in 1450 urodynamic examinations were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were all 38 complications (2.62%), including 25 hematuria (1 with severe hematuria requiring emergency operation), 9 fever, 1 anal hemorrhage, 3 failure in bladder catheter intubation. Conclusion Avoiding unnecessary urodynamic examinations and adopting appropriate precaution may reduce the complications of urodynamic examinations.

Objective To explore the effects of acupuncture-rehabilitation therapy on neurological function recovery and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway activation after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods Ninty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups, namely sham group, model group, acupuncture group, rehabilitation group and acupunc-ture-rehabilitation group, and 18 in each group. Each group was further divided into 3 days, 7 days and 14 days subgroups (n=6). Their mid-dle cerebral arteries were occluded except those of sham group. The sham and model groups accepted no treatment, while the acupuncture group accepted cluster needling of scalp acupuncture, rehabilitation group accepted treadmill training, and the acupuncture-rehabilitation group accepted both acupuncture and treadmill training. They were assessed with modified Neurologic Severity Score (mNSS) 3, 7 and 14 days after modeling, while the expression of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were determined with Western blotting. Results The neurologic severi-ty score reduced in all three treatment groups (P<0.05) compared with that of the model group at every time point, and was the least in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group (P<0.05) 7 and 14 days after modeling among the treatment groups. Meanwhile, the expression of p-ERK1/2 increased in all three treatment groups (P<0.05), and was the most in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group (P<0.05), as well as the rate of (p- ERK1/2)/(ERK1/2) (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture- rehabilitation therapy can promote the neurological function recovery, which may be associated with activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture or exercise preconditioning on neurological function after focal ce-rebral infarction in rats and the possible mechanism. Methods A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into model group (n=6), sham group (n=6), exercise preconditioning group (n=6) and electroacupuncture preconditioning group (n=6). The model group and the sham group did not accept any treatment, while the exercise preconditioning group and the electroacupuncture precondition-ing group accepted treadmill training and electroacupuncture for two weeks, respectively. Their middle cerebral arteries were occluded with modified Longa's approach, except the sham group that was ligated the same arteries but did not result in infarction. They were evaluated with Neurologic Severity Scores (NSS) 24 hours after modeling, and the laminin expression in the ischemic area was detected with Western blotting. Results There was no neurological deficit in the sham group. The NSS was lower in both preconditioning groups than in the model group (P<0.05), but was not significant different between preconditioning groups (P>0.05). The expression of laminin was the most in the sham group, and was more in both preconditioning groups than in the model group (P<0.05), but was not significant different between pre-conditioning groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Preconditioning with exercise or electroacupuncture can both reduce the neurological deficits in rats after focal cerebral infarction, which may associate with the protection of laminin from inhibition in early stage.

BACKGROUND:There are so many researches on the complication of artificial joint of bone cement on clinics, but the effect of implanting artificial joint of bone cement on the structure of distal joint is unclear.OBJECTIVE:To explore the structural changes of distal joint after blocking the proximal and middle femoral medullary cavity with bone cement.DESIGN:Controlled observation.SETTING:The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.MATERIALS:A total of 26 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits, of clean grade and both genders,weighing 2.6-3.5 kg,were offered by the Experimental Animal Center of Chongqing Medical University.Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) TJ bone cement,16# antrum needle for puncture (outer diameter 1.6 mm,inner diameter 1.05 mm,length 80 mm), light microscope of Japan Olympus Company (BH-2), and transmission electron microscope of Japan Hitachi Company (H-600).METHODS:The experiment was completed in the Experimental Animal Center of Chongqing Medical University from July 2005 to April 2006.Eighteen rabbits were randomly selected as model group,while other 8 ones ware served as control group.The rabbit model was established by infusing femoral medullary cavity of left side with PMMA.Due to the specific anatomic structure of appearing the third trochanter, the anesthetized rabbits were adopted to incise the lateral greater trochanter below the third trochanter through spatium intermusculare of posterior lateral femur, remaining the neck of femur, so as to expose intertrochanteric fossa and entry of medullary cavity,which was expanded to 1/2 length of femur by using cavity file of different thickness repeatedly. Then wound surface was washed fob many times to remove the destroyed myeloid tissues, and was dried with strips. Bone cement was prepared by manually stirring powder with solution at a ratio of 2:1, until it demonstrated dough shape. In order to control the depth of bone cement into femoral medullary cavity, a small piece of dough-shaped bone cement was filled in middle femoral stenosis as cavity blocker.Ten minutes later,the solidified bone cement was re-blended as dough shape and implanted into medullary cavity fully.Afterwards, the bone cement was completely solidified and the incision was sutured. At the 4th, 8th and 16th weeks postoperatively,6 rabbits of each model group and all controlled rabbits were killed respectively to obtain the samples of distal femoral articular synovium, cartilage and subchondral bone. The histological examinations included hematoxyiin-eosin (HE) staining, toluidine blue (TB) staining and immunohistochemistry. Transmission electron microscope was used to detect the changes of cartilage and subchondral bone in distal joint of left femur.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The structural changes of distal femoral articular synovium, cartilage and subchondral bone by HE staining,TB staining,immunohistochemistry.②The histological changes of distal articular cartilage and subchondral bone in left femur by transmission electron microscope.RESULTS:①HE staining:The damages to articular cartilage,synovial tissues and subchondral bone aggravated with time.At the 16th week of modeling,the articular cartilage was destructed,the bone structure was severely damaged,with the synovial tissue proliferation and swelling;TB staining (the 16th week):All the layers of articular cartilage appeared loss of stain; Immunohistochemistry (the 16th week): Collagen Ⅱ of the chondrocytes was positively stained. And transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 staining of articular synoviocytes and chondrocytes appeared positive.②Transmission electron microscope: The lesions to articular chondrocytes and bone cells aggravated progressively with time, part of which presented necrosis and collapse at the 16th week.CONCLUSION: The intramedullary blood circulation is severely damaged after blocking the proximal and middle femoral medullary cavity with bone cement. Conversely, the bone metabolism disorders in dista0 femur. which results in the degeneration or necrosis of distal femur, cartilage and synovial tissue.

BACKGROUND: There are so many researches on complication of artificial joint of bone cement in clinics, but the effect of implanting artificial joint of bone cement on distal femoral shaft is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To provide an ideal animal model for study the effect on distal femoral shaft after implanting the artificial joint of bone cement.DESIGN: Controlled observation.SETTING: People's Hospital in Guangzi Zhuang Autonomous Region.MATERIALS: A total of 16 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits, of clean grade, of both genders, weighing 2.6-3.5 kg, were selected in this study.METHODS: The experiment was completed in the Experimental Animal Centerof Chongqing Medical University from July 2002 to April 2003. According to the third rotator, neck of femur of rabbits was not broken off;meanwhile, lateral part of greater trochanter was sawed up above the third rotator, entrance of medullary cavity of bone was found among fossas of rotator, and bone cement was perfused into left femoral medullary cavity by blocking of proximal and middle femoral medullary cavity with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to establish the rabbit model. Right side of rabbits was regarded as the control. Rabbits were sacrificed under drugged state after modeling establishment.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of gross femur and X-ray image of rabbits.RESULTS: A total of 16 rabbits entered the final analysis. ① Gross dissection showed that the femoral medullary cavities of rabbits were well filled with PMMA and completely blocked above their middle segments. It suggested that the method for setting up animal model achieved the purpose of blocking the proximal and middle femoral medullary cavity. ② X-ray image further confirmed that the femoral medullary cavities of rabbits were well filled with PMMA and completely blocked above their middle segments.CONCLUSION: The rabbit model was successfully established by blocking the proximal and middle femoral medullary cavity for imitating the fixed artificial joint of bone cement.