Aim To investigate the inhibition mechanisms of baclofen, a specific GABA B receptor agonist, on quantal glutamate release in the rat spinal dorsal horn neurons.Methods Whole-cell voltage-clamp technique was performed on dorsal horn neurons in rat spinal cord slice to record glutamatergic spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). Baclofen action on quantal glutamate release was assessed by analyzing the change of mEPESC to baclofen perfusion.Results Baclofen(10 ?mol?L -1,50 s) depressed the frequency, but not amplitude distribution of glutamatergic mEPSCs, indicating baclofen presynaptic depression on glutamate release. The depression on frequency of mEPSCs persisted in Ca 2+-free solution, or in the presence of K + conductance blocker, 4-AP. On the other hand, the depression was occluded by forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, but not protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu). N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a sulphydryl alkylating agent, which destroys G protein, abolished baclofen depression.Conclusion Not presynaptic K +, Ca 2+ conductance or PKC, but G protein and/or cAMP pathway are involved in the baclofen depression on glutamate release in rat spinal dorsal horn;this depression might contribute to the analgesic action of baclofen at spinal level.

Objective The liver is the main target of colon cancer metastasis, and liver metastasis is important and difficult in colon cancer therapy.This study was to investigate the synergistic effects of Honghua injection combined with oxaliplatin in treatment of liver metastasis from colon cancer. Methods Spleen-preserving method was used to establish the model of liver metastasis from colon cancer.The model mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group, oxaliplatin group, low dose ( low dose of Honghua injection combined with oxaliplatin) group, medium dose ( medium dose of Honghua injection combined with oxaliplatin) group, high dose (high dose of Honghua injection combined with oxaliplatin) group (n=10).Oxaliplatin were given twice a week at a dose of 5 mg/kg.Honghua injection was given at doses of 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 g/kg for consecutive 14 days, and the control group received sa-line.After 14 d, all the mice were killed, and the tumor inhibiting rates and liver metastasis rates were calculated.The levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF) were measured by ELISA, and the mRNA expressions of VEGF and HGF in liver were determined by PCR. Results The inhibition rate of low, middle and high dose group achieved 63.2%, 69.2%and 71.4%respectively, which was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01).Compared with oxaliplatin group,middle and high dose groups showed a significant higher inhibition rate (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the liver metastasis rates in middle and high dose groups significantly decreased from 90%to 60%and 50%respectively (P<0.05).The serum VEGF and HGF levels showed significant decrease in all treatment groups([83.4 ±25.6],[81.5 ±23.7],[75.8 ±19.4],[72.7 ±20.5] pg/mL),([56.2 ±13.8],[55.4 ±15.7],[48.9 ±13.6],[42.3 ±11.8]pg/mL) compared with control group ([125.3 ±36.2], [98.4 ±26.1]pg/mL) (P<0.01).The mRNA expressions of VEGF and HGF in liver were significantly decreased in all the Hong-hua injection combined with oxaliplatin groups compared with control group ( P<0.05) .Compared with oxaliplatin group, the serum VEGF level in high dose group showed a significant reduced mRNA expression of VEGF (P<0.05). Conclusion Honghua injec-tion can significantly enhance the inhibitory effects of Oxaliplatin on liver metastasis from colon cancer, and the mechanism may con-tribute to the inhibition of VEGF expression and the prevention of angiogenesis in liver.

Objective To construct the prokaryontic expression vector of the gene fragment which encodes the transpeptidase domain of penicillin binding protein 2a(PBP2a) of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) ,and to express ,purify and i‐dentify the objective protein .Methods Strains of MRSA were isolated and identified from clinical samples ,according to the se‐quence of mecA gene recorded in GenBank ,the primers of mecA fragment which encoded the transpeptidase domain of PBP2a was designed .The gene fragment from MRSA was amplified by using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and cloned into pET28a(+ ) plasmid .After being identified by enzyme digestion and sequencing ,the recombinant plasmid was transformed into the strain of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)plysS .The expression of transpeptidase domain of PBP2a was induced by 0 .7 mmol/L IPTG ,the ex‐pressed products were purified by using Ni afinity chromatography ,then were analyzed by using Western blot .Results The recom‐binant expression vector was digested by BamHⅠ and EcoRⅠ ,and the products were at the expected size .The result of sequencing showed two bases undergoing mutation ,while there were no frameshift mutations .The expressed protein was identified by using SDS‐PAGE and Western blot ,a new protein band was visible at the relative molecular mass of 38 × 103 .Conclusion The corre‐sponding prokaryotic expression vector is successfully constructed ,and the transpeptidase domain of PBP2a is successfully ex‐pressed and purified .

Objective: To develop a questionnaire that can well measure the concept of work-family enrichment. Methods: 225 valid data from 3 enterprises were collected in order to develop work-family questionnaire by exploratory factor analysis. 268 samples from other 10 enterprises were collected to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Results: ① Work -family enrichment questionnaire was composed of two second -order factors: work to family enrichment and family to work enrichment. Each second -order factor was composed of two first -order factors: instrumental enrichment and psychological enrichment. ②The structure validity and criteria-related validity of this work- family enrichment questionnaire were good. ③ The Cronbach ? of work to family enrichment and family to work enrichment were 0.86、0.84. The Cronbach ? of the whole questionnaire was 0.89. Conclusion: Work-family enrichment questionnaire has good construct validity、criteria-related validity and internal consistency reliability.

Objective To screen the microsatellites with low occurrence rate of stutter band and establish the effective bovine STR typing system.Methods The tetranucleotide STR loci in bovine genome were searched with Tandem Repeat Finder software.Primers were designed and used to amplify these candidate loci and the PCR products were separated with electrophoresis.DNA samples from 100 head of unrelated cattle were typed.Results Among these candidate loci,6 bovine tetranucleotide STR loci showed high polymorphism,and their CDP and CPE value were 0.99995 and 0.859591 respectively.Conclusion The 6 bovine tetranucleotide STR loci can be used for bovine identification and parentage testing.

Objective To assess cerebrovascular reserve capacity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods One hundred and fourteen patients with OSAHS and 43 normal persons were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into mild,moderate,severe according to apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and LSaO2 (lowest arterial oxygen saturation).All the patients and normal persons were routinely examined using transcranial Doppler (TCD) and end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure(ETCO2) to evaluate cerebrovascular reserve.Hypercapnia was induced by inhaling the CO2 which produced by the patients themselves,and hypocapnia was elicited by voluntary hyperventilation.Results CVR in the severe and moderate OSAHS were significantly lower than that in the control group [ (1.80 ± 1.34) ％/mm Hg and (1.43 ±1.05)％/mm Hg vs (2.93 ±0.93)％/mm Hg,P ＜0.05] when patients in the condition of hypocapnia.And there was no significant difference on CRV between the mild OSAHS group and control group [ (2.53 ±1.83 ) ％/mm Hg vs ( 2.93 ± 0.93 ) ％/mm Hg,P ＞ 0.05 ].When patients in the condition of Hypercapnia,CRV in the severe and moderate OSAHS were also significantly lower than that in the control group [ ( 1.83 ±1.32) ％/mm Hg and (1.08 ± 1.00)％/mm Hg vs (3.32 ± 1.53)％/mm Hg,P ＜ 0.05),AHI was negatively correlated with the cerebrovascular reserve at the condition of hypercapnia and hypocapnia (r=-0.665,-0.721; P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Inhaling CO2 is a effective method for assessing CVR.Cerebrovascular reserve capacity is associated with AHI.Reduced CVR causes hemodynamics change being severe hypoxia in the moderate and severe OSAHS.

Objective To explore the change of serum thyroid hormone related indicators and the probability of occurrence of thyroid dysfunction abnormality in the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods 86 patients with T2DM and 61 age-matched and gender-matched individuals with healthy physical examination as controls were selected and detected serum FT3,FT4 and TSH by the electrochemiluminescence method Results The serum FT3,FT4 and TSH in the T2DM group were 5.09 pmol/L, 17.32 pmol/L and 2.81 mIU/L respectively;which in the normal control group were 4.99 pmol/L,17.24 pmol/L and 2.71 mIU/L respectively,the differences between the two groups had no statistical significance(P >0.05).Among 86 cases of T2DM,29 cases had the serum abnormal TSH with the abnormal rate of 33.7%,which in the control group was 14.8% with statistical difference between the two groups(P <0.05).Among T2DM patients,the TSH abnormal rate of in females was 42.1%,which was higher than 17.2% in males.Conclusion The serum thyroid hormone detection is necessary for the T2DM patients,especially female pa-tients,which is conducive to early screening,prevention and treatment.

The primary function of optical in vivo imaging technique is tracing and detecting the action and expression of maker cells,maker microorganisms and maker molecules.This technique makes possible the noinvasive study of biological events continuously with high sensibility,simplicity and high speed.It has been applied in numerous research fields.This paper presents a review of principle and application of this technique.

ObjectiveTo evaluate endovascular repair(EVAR) of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) of the thoracic aorta.MethodsThere were 12 cases of PAU treated at our department. All the cases had severe acute thoracic pain. Computer tomography angiography (CTA) showed well outlined ulcer in 12 cases, intramural hematoma in 8 cases. EVARs were done under general anaesthesia and 12 stent grafts were used. Two cases received by-pass procedure ahead of EVARs because of main branches involved.Patients were followed up with CTA from 12 months to 4 years( median 36 months).ResultsA total of 12 stent grafts were implanted to 12 patients.The average diameter of stent graft was ( 35.7 ± 2. 5 ) mm(32-40 mm) , length was ( 163 ± 19) mm ( 152-202 mm). There was a very small internal leakage in one case with large size ulcer after implantation of stent graft, other ulcers were excluded completely. Primary technical success rate was 100％. There were no perioperative death and severe complications. All cases were free from symptoms after operation and alive during follow-up. CTA showed satisfactory results without internal leakage.The small leakage in the case disappeared within 3 months.ConclusionsBeing miniinvasive and effective, EVAR is the choice of therapy for symptomatic PAU.

Objective To compare the effects of tracheal intubation (TI) and laryngeal mask (LM) during general anesthesia (GA) induction on the α 1-band of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalography (QPEEG).Methods Fortypatients undergoing GA were randomly divided into two groups:group T included 20 patients who received TI and group L included 20 who received a LM.Parameters like heart rate (HR),mean arterial pressure (MAP),and QPEEG were recorded before anesthesia induction (T0),after induction (T1),and after intubating the cannula or LM (T2).Using power-spectrum analysis,we calculated the power percentage of the α 1-band of QPEEG.Results The HR,MAP,and power percentage of the α 1-band in most areas of the brain were lower at T1 than at T0 (P ＜ 0.05) in both groups.Moreover,the HR,MAP,and α 1-band power percentage were higher at T2 than at T1 (P ＜ 0.05) in group T,whereas they showed no significant change at T2 (P ＞ 0.05) in group L.Conclusion TI is stronger than LM for stimulating the circulatory system.Moreover,TI may cause an increase in the power percentage of the α 1-band of QPEEG.This finding suggests that the α1-band power percentage of QPEEG can be an effective means of monitoring stimulation.