Early identification of adolescent depression requires objective biomarkers. This study investigated the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) activation patterns and mismatch negativity (MMN) characteristics in adolescents with first-episode mild-to-moderate depression. We enrolled 33 patients and 33 matched healthy controls, measuring oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentration in the frontal cortex during verbal fluency tasks via fNIRS, and recording MMN latency/amplitude at Fz/Cz electrodes using event-related potentials (ERP). Compared with healthy controls, the depression group showed significantly prolonged MMN latency [Fz: (227.88 ± 31.08) ms vs. (208.70 ± 25.35) ms, P < 0.01; Cz: (223.73 ± 29.03) ms vs. (204.18 ± 22.43) ms, P < 0.01], and obviously reduced Fz amplitude [(2.42 ± 2.18) μV vs. (5.65 ± 5.59) μV, P = 0.03]. A significant positive correlation was observed between MMN latencies at Fz and Cz electrodes ( P < 0.01). Oxy-Hb in left frontopolar prefrontal channels (CH15/17) was significantly decreased in patient group ( P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that adolescents with depression exhibit hypofunction in the left prefrontal cortex and impaired automatic sensory processing. The combined application of fNIRS and ERP techniques may provide an objective basis for early clinical identification.
Humans ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods* ; Adolescent ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology* ; Evoked Potentials/physiology* ; Depression/physiopathology* ; Female ; Male ; Oxyhemoglobins ; Electroencephalography

Objective:To analyze the whole genome sequence and key site mutations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients with different stages of disease progression, and to understand the relationship between HBV genetic characteristics and disease progression.Methods:Serum samples and basic information of hepatitis B patients with asymptomatic HBV carrier, chronic hepatitis B patients, cirrhosis patients and primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients were collected. Nested PCR was used to amplify the samples to obtain HBV whole gene sequences. Phylogenetic trees were constructed to determine the genotype of the samples, and gene mutations of the samples were analyzed combined with reference sequences of each type.Results:A total of 256 samples were successfully amplified, including 68 asymptomatic HBV carrier patients, 118 CHB patients, 15 LC patients and 55 HCC patients, and five genotypes (B, C, D, I and C/D) were detected. The result of comparative analysis showed that the mutation rate of 56 nucleotide sites was significantly different among the four groups ( P<0.05). In addition to the discovery of C105T, A1762T/G1764A and G1899A and other previously reported key site mutations, the mutation rates of T53A, C1485T and C1628T in newly diagnosed HCC group were significantly higher than those in other groups, and the mutation rates of T2150G and T2151C in asymptomatic HBV infection group were significantly higher than those in other groups. A total of 26 sequences were deleted, mainly distributed in the pre-C and pre-S regions. The deletion mutation rate in the HCC group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Conclusions:The data of this study indicate that some nucleotide substitution mutations and deletion mutations may be closely related to the occurrence and development of HBV-related diseases, and HCC patients are more likely to have gene mutations than non-HCC patients. These result provide a reference for understanding the relationship between viral mutation and the progression of HBV infection-related diseases.

Artificial vascular graft(AVG)fistula is widely used for hemodialysis treatment in patients with renal failure.However,it has poor elasticity and compliance,leading to stenosis and thrombosis.The ideal artificial blood vessel for dialysis should replicate the structure and components of a real artery,which is primarily maintained by collagen in the extracellular matrix(ECM)of arterial cells.Studies have revealed that in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-induced liver fibrosis,hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)become hyperactive and produce excessive ECM fibers.Furthermore,mechanical stimulation can encourage ECM secretion and remodeling of a fiber structure.Based on the above factors,we transfected HSCs with the hepatitis B viral X(HBX)gene for simulating the process of HBV infection.Subsequently,these HBX-HSCs were implanted into a polycaprolactone-polyurethane(PCL-PU)bilayer scaffold in which the inner layer is dense and the outer layer consists of pores,which was mechanically stimulated to promote the secretion of collagen nanofiber from the HBX-HSCs and to facilitate crosslinking with the scaffold.We obtained an ECM-PCL-PU composite bionic blood vessel that could act as access for dialysis after decellularization.Then,the vessel scaffold was implanted into a rabbit's neck arteriovenous fistula model.It exhibited strong tensile strength and smooth blood flow and formed autologous blood vessels in the rabbit's body.Our study demonstrates the use of human cells to create biomimetic dialysis blood vessels,providing a novel approach for creating clinical vascular access for dialysis.

Objective:To systematically evaluate and integrate the exercise experience of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, so as to provide a basis for formulating personalized exercise programs according to the actual needs of patients.Methods:The qualitative studies on the exercise experience of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were searched in CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Scopus Database by computer. The search time was from the establishment of the database to January 31,2023. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute evidence-based Health Care Center Qualitative Research Quality evaluation standard (2016), and the results of the included literature were integrated using the collection integration method.Results:A total of 10 studies were included, 67 research results and 9 categories were extracted, and 3 integrated results were obtained. Integration result 1: the effects of exercise training on patients, including physical function enhancement, psychological condition improvement, social benefit improvement, exercise beliefs and knowledge increased; integration result 2: factors that promote patients′ exercise, including physical benefits increase exercise confidence and expectation, social encouragement stimulates exercise motivation, appropriate external conditions to improve compliance; integration result 3: factors that hinder movement, including illness and poor psychological condition, unfavorable external conditions and life burden.Conclusions:Pulmonary rehabilitation exercise training benefits patients from various aspects such as physical function, psychological condition, and social interaction. This study deeply discusses the exercise training experience of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and understands the factors that promote and hinder patients′ exercise, which can provide a basis for formulating personalized exercise plans.

The incidence of thyroid tumors has been increasing recent years,the importance of quality of life has been more concerned in addition to radical treatment.Traditional open surgery has been unable to meet the needs of all patients.In recent years,the continuous innovation and vigorous development of minimally invasive techniques,including endoscopy,ablation,and robotics,have expanded the range of available surgical options.In this review,we summarized the advancements in minimally invasive surgery for thyroid tumors,focusing on how to select the most appropriate surgical approach based on the patient's condition and develop personalized treatment plans.

Metastasis accounts for 90% of breast cancer deaths, where the lethality could be attributed to the poor drug accumulation at the metastatic loci. The tolerance to chemotherapy induced by breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and their particular redox microenvironment further aggravate the therapeutic dilemma. To be specific, therapy-resistant BCSCs can differentiate into heterogeneous tumor cells constantly, and simultaneously dynamic maintenance of redox homeostasis promote tumor cells to retro-differentiate into stem-like state in response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Herein, we develop a specifically-designed biomimic platform employing neutrophil membrane as shell to inherit a neutrophil-like tumor-targeting capability, and anchored chemotherapeutic and BCSCs-differentiating reagents with nitroimidazole (NI) to yield two hypoxia-responsive prodrugs, which could be encapsulated into a polymeric nitroimidazole core. The platform can actively target the lung metastasis sites of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and release the escorted drugs upon being triggered by the hypoxia microenvironment. During the responsiveness, the differentiating agent could promote transferring BCSCs into non-BCSCs, and simultaneously the nitroimidazole moieties conjugated on the polymer and prodrugs could modulate the tumor microenvironment by depleting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) and amplifying intracellular oxidative stress to prevent tumor cells retro-differentiation into BCSCs. In combination, the BCSCs differentiation and tumor microenvironment modulation synergistically could enhance the chemotherapeutic cytotoxicity, and remarkably suppress tumor growth and lung metastasis. Hopefully, this work can provide a new insight in to comprehensively treat TNBC and lung metastasis using a versatile platform.

The radial force of the degradable esophageal stent before and after degradation is one of the important indicators for effective treatment of esophageal stricture. Based on a combination of in vitro experiments and finite element analysis, this paper studies and verifies the biomechanical properties of a new type of degradable esophageal stent under different esophageal stricture conditions. Under radial extrusion conditions, the maximum stress at the port of the stent is 65.25 MPa, and the maximum strain is 1.98%; The peak values of stress and strain under local extrusion and plane extrusion conditions both appear in the extrusion area and the compression expansion area at both ends, which are respectively 48.68 MPa, 46.40 MPa, 0.49%, 1.13%. The maximum radial force of the undegraded stent was 11.22 N, and 97% and 51% of the maximum radial force were maintained after 3 months and 6 months of degradation, respectively. The research results verify the safety and effectiveness of the radial force of the new degradable esophageal stent, and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of esophageal stricture.
Esophageal Stenosis/surgery* ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Stents

Objective:To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Geriatric Depression Scale-3-Apathy Subscale (GDS-3A) in the assessment of apathy in the aged by taking the Apathy Evaluation Scale-Clinician (AES-C) as a reference.Methods:From May 2019 to October 2020, convenience sampling was used to select 475 elderly patients who attended the Outpatient Department of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital and Hepingli Community Health Service Center in Dongcheng District, Beijing as the research object. The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) , GDS-12-Depression Subscale (GDS-12D) and the AES-C were used for investigation. The statistical analysis was conducted by using the correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve comparison analysis.Results:When GDS-3A selected 2 points as the boundary value, the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 70.99% and 87.54%, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.77. GDS-3A was positively correlated with AES-C ( r=0.46, P<0.001) , GDS-12D ( r=0.67, P<0.001) , and GDS-15 ( r=0.87, P<0.001) . Conclusions:GDS-3A has high sensitivity and specificity, and can be used as a screening tool for large-scale epidemiological investigations or community elderly apathy manifestations.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological features of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with hepatic steatosis.Methods Clinical and pathological data of 841 patients with CHB who underwent liver biopsy in Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital during September 2015 to September 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.One hundred and thirty five gender and age-matched pairs of steatosis and non-steatosis patients entered the analysis.Multivariable Logistic regression and rank sum test were used to analyze the clinical features and risk factors of hepatic steatosis in CHB patients .Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between hepatic steatosis and HBV DNA , hepatic inflammation and fibrosis status.Results Logistic regression analysis showed that overweight ／obesity ( χ2 ＝3.947, OR ＝1.436, 95%CI 1.005-2.051, P＜0.05) and hyperlipidemia (χ2 ＝4.277,OR＝1.803,95%CI 1.031-3.151, P＜0.05) were the risk factors for hepatic steatosis in CHB patients.There was no correlation of hepatic steatosis with serum HBeAg and HBV DNA levels (Z＝-1.762,r＝-0.011, both P＞0.05). However, hepatic steatosis was negatively correlated with inflammatory grade and fibrosis grade of the liver (r＝-0.146 and -0.192, both P＜0.05).Conclusions Overweight／obesity and hyperlipidemia are associated with steatosis in CHB patients.Hepatic steatosis may not aggravate the degree of liver inflammation and fibrosis in CHB patients.