Objective To explore the relationship between osteopontin (OPN),its downstream product thrombin-cleaved osteopontin (NTOPN) and radiographic changes in osteoarthritis (OA).Methods The levels of OPN and NTOPN in serum and synovial fluid were tested by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) kit in 22 OA patients and 21 health controls.The correlation between the above parameters and clinical data such as radiology changes of OA patients was analyzed.Results The serum level of OPN in the OA group was positively correlated with C reactive protein (CRP) (r =0.574,P =0.005).The serum level of OPN in the OA group was slightly lower than that in the healthy control group [(1.8 ± 0.5) μg/L vs (1.7 ± 1.1) μg/L,P ＞ 0.05].Similarly,the serum level of NTOPN in the OA group was significantly higher than that in control group [(21.1 ± 11.7) μg/L vs (14.7 ± 3.6) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].Meanwhile,serum NTOPN level in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients [(23.2 ± 11.80) μg/L vs (11.1 ± 4.9) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].In synovial fluid of OA group,the level of OPN was (7.75 ± 2.33) μg/L,NTOPN was (0.91 ± 0.49) μg/L and the ratio of NTOPN/OPN was 0.12 ± 0.08.The level of OPN of synovial fluid in the OA group was positively correlated with CRP (r =0.574,P =0.005).NTOPN-to-OPN ratio of synovial fluid in the OA group was positively correlated with Kellgren-Lawrence grade (r =0.535,P =0.022).Conclusions The serum level of OPN is correlated with severity of inflammation in the OA patients.Meanwhile,NTOPN-to-OPN ratio of synovial fluid is correlated with OA severity.As a downstream bioactive product of OPN,NTOPN may play an important role in OA pathogenesis.Whether these parameters can be used as predictors of joint lesion severity and inflammatory status is worth further study.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to investigate functional connectivity of 16-channel electroencephalograph(EEG) in δ frequency band based on Granger causality analysis.MethodsThe experimental data was recorded at a sampling rate of 200 Hz from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients(6 left and 3 right TLE,and 9 normals as control group.Ten of EEG segments of 20 s length for three different states:epileptiform discharges (ED) state in interictal durations,non-ED state for TLE patients,and control state for the normal.The δ band components (1～4 Hz) were filtered from EEGs.The functional connection values Iδ between two EEG δ components were calculated separately by Granger causality analysis.The two EEG components were from inferoposterior temporal lobe (left:T5,right:T6) to frontal lobe (Fp1,Fp2,F3,F4,and parietal lobe (C3,C4) for three states.ResultsThe Iδ values for ED state was 0.1323±0.0329～0.1670±0.028 9,which was significantly higher than that of non-ED state (0.0300±0.0130～0.0420±0.0072) (P＜0.05).The Iδ values for the control group (0.0153±0.0028～0.0193±0.0057) was much lower than that of ED state (P＜0.01),and no obvious distinctions were observed compared with non-ED state at P=0.05 level.ConclusionThere is a stronger connection of EEG' s δ bands from the inferoposterior temporal lobe to frontal and parietal lobe for the ED state,and the over-discharges transmission is from inferoposterior temporal lobe to other brain regions.There is a weaker connection from the top temporal lobe to frontal and parietal lobe for non-ED state and control group,and the onset zones is not inferoposterior temporal lobe.

BACKGROUND:Cord tissues,which immune system is relatively non-development with low expression of MHC,rely on the protection of the mother's immune system.Accordingly,studies underlying biological characteristics of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) arouse more and more attention.OBJECTIVE:To isolate,separate,and culture MSCs from the tissues of umbilical cord,and to explore the ability of multi-directional differentiation.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The in vitro cytology experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Tissue Engineering of Sichuan University from October 2006 to May 2007.MATERIALS:The umbilical cord of healthy neonate with 37-40 weeks gestational age was obtained from delivery room of the Second West China Hospital,Sichuan University.METHODS:Pieces of umbilical cord were dissected along its long axis,vessel was pulled away,then cord was tied together with a suture creating "loops",then it was placed into collagenase solution,after 6-8 hours,suspended cells obtained from the loops suspension were centrifuged and cultured with adherent method,pass,aged when single cell-derived colonies were appeared.Finally,the 5th generation of cells was induced differentiation towards osteoblasts and lipoblasts.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Morphology,growth,surface antigen expression,as well as the multiple differentiation potential of umbilical cord MSCs.RESULTS:The adherent cells obtained from umbilical cord after removal vessels showed short rod-like or fusiform shape,which can be proliferated and form single cell-derived colonies.Cells isolated from the umbilical cord high expressed integrin markers (CD29,CD51,CD71) but not hematopoietic lineage markers (CD34,CD45 and HLA-DR).These colonies can differentiate into osteoblasts that produce mineralized matrices,stained by alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase,and differentiate adipocytes that accumulate lipid vacuoles and are demonstrated by morphology,stained by oil red.CONCLUSION:Umbilical cord tissue contains a high number of MSC-like elements forming colonies that may be successfully expanded in culture.The proliferation colonies present matrix ceil immunophenotypes,and can differentiate into osteobiasts and adipocytes.

Objective To study the impacts of medicine and pharmacy separation reform on medical insurance fund and medical care seeking behavior of such patients.Methods The insurance data of patients was collected from year 201 1 to year 2014 at the hospital of the author.The differences of hospitals' revenue from insurance,the use of insurance fund and medical care seeking behavior of patients,before and after the reform were analyzed.Results The results showed that the effect of medicine and pharmacy separation reform in achieving translation;the proportions of drug and per-patient drug expenses were reduced.However,the demand of insurance fund was increased,and the fund used in outpatients began to exceed that used in inpatients after the reform.Totally,the choices of outpatients on doctor's technical titles were influenced by the pricing,as more outpatients tended to choose the intermediate title doctors,and the proportion was increasing.The differences of the choices on the outpatient in superior departments were very small,while those in non-dominant departments were very big,the same as the total patients.Conclusion There are both advantages and disadvantages in impacts of the reform on medical insurance fund conducted in some hospital in Beijing.The advantages included that the hospitals'revenue was not decreased from insurance patients,the use of insurance on paying drugs were reduced by management of proper medication, and out-of-pocket burden of the insurance patients was reduced.Yet the disadvantages contained that because of cheaper drugs and favorable insurance policy on the reform,the outpatients preferred higher level hospitals to buy drugs only,and the reform might lead to the increase of the requirement of insurance fund.

Objective To evaluate reliability and validity the Chinese-version of chronic pain acceptance questionnaire-8(CPAQ-8).Methods The reliability and validity of CPAQ-8 was tested in 223 old patients with chronic pain.Result The Chinese-version of CPAQ-8 was (23.79±-5.23),AE was (12.84±4.96),PW was(10.97 ±2.90).Cronbach' s of CPAQ-8 was 0.853,and Guttmann Split-Half Coefficient was 0.843.Two factors were extracted by factor analysis through exploratory factor analysis,whose cumulative contribution was 58.217％.While confirmatory factor analysis showed probability level of the modified model was P=0.322,with indexes as follows: x2/df =1.124,GFI =0.979,AGFI =0,956,TLI =0.069,RMSEA =0.024,NFI =0.960,TLI =0.992,CFI =0.995.Conclusion Reliability and validity of CPAQ-8 were both well.

Objective To analyze the differences of adverse drug reactions between children and adults caused by Tanreqing injection,and provide reasonable application of Tanreqing injection.Methods Retrospective research method were adopted to screen out the adverse drug reaction reports caused by Tanreqing injection from drug ADR reports of Drug ADR Monitoring Center affiliated to the Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province from January 2010 to October 2012.Figures of children and adults who used Tanreqing injection were analyzed separately.Results A total of 603 children used Tanreqing injection,among which 5 children appeared ADR (0.83％).A total of 4395 adult used of Tanreqing injection,among which 4 appeared in ADR (0.09％).There was statistical difference between the two groups (x2 =16.07,P＜ 0.05) The incidence rate of ADR in males was more than females either in the adults or in children.Hypersensitivity was the most common ADR.Conclusion ADR of Tanreqing injection in Children was significantly higher than adults.Tanreqing injection should be used carefully and rationally.

A chiral high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ibuprofen enantiomers in dog plasma. It was used to study the pharmacokinetics in the Beagle dog after intravenous administration of racemic-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen. Ketoprofen was chosen as the internal standard. After a simple precipitation using methanol as the precipitating solvent, both analytes and IS were separated on a Kromasil 100-5CHI-TBB chiral column (250 mm x4.6 mm, 5 μm) with isocratic elution using acetonitrile - 20 mmol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 3.0, containing 5% methanol) (6 : 4) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 220 nm. Liner calibration curves for both of the ibuprofen enantiomers were over the concentration range from 0.5 to 50 μg x mL(-1) with a lower limit of quantification of 0.5 μg x mL(-1), the accuracies were all in standard ranges. The intra- and inter- assay precisions were all below 7%. The recovery rate was 93.1% to 100.4%. The experiments proved that the method was simple, rapid and sensitive. It can be used in the quantitative determination of ibuprofen enantiomers in dog plasma. The method was used to determine the concentration of ibuprofen enantiomers in Beagle dog plasma after a single intravenous administration of racemic-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen (9 mg x kg(-1)) and the pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated based on the concentration-time curves. The C(max) of S-ibuprofen in Beagle dog plasma after a single intravenous administration of racemic-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen were 30.8 ± 4.7, 46.1 ± 5.9 and 20.0 ± 2.6 μg x mL(-1), respectively. In terms of the exposure of active ingredient, it revealed a significant difference between the administration of S-ibuprofen and the other two groups. The systematical R- to S- chiral inversion was discussed. Comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters at different doses, chiral inversion were 70.1% ± 36.6% and 76.4% ± 36.2%, respectively, after intravenous administration of racemic- and R-ibuprofen. This study provides a theoretical basis for the safety of ibuprofen formula of injection drug.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and relative factors of hypnosis combing medication on resistant phantom limb pain (PLP).This study presented one case report involving of the use of visualization,hypnotic imagery,suggestions procedures combing venlafaxine in the alleviation of PLP and depression.Visual analogue score (VAS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 items (HAMD17) were used to assess the severity of PLP and depression,which were evaluated at baseline and the end.Existing literature were reviewed.After hypnosis combing medication,PLP and depression were consistently alleviated.Hypnosis may be a useful adjunct to established strategies for the treatment of PLP.

Objective: To study the change of placental corticotropin releasing hormone level in pregnant women entering spontaneous labor at term and preterm or posterm,and to investigate the value of CRH as an indicator of preterm labor. Methods: Subjects( n =200) were recruited to the study at their antenatal visits,and plasma samples were obtained at their routine antental clinic visits from 28 weeks to parturition at 2 weeks intervals.CRH were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: CRH concentrations rose significantly as pregnancy developed and reached the highest level at delivery. Plasma CRH levels were significantly higher in preterm labor and lower in postterm labor after gestational 28 weeks( P

Aim To study the role and mechanism of opioid receptor on IL-1?-induced fever.Methods Rats were dealed with intracerebreventricular administration of naloxone and/or IL-1?.Changes in body temperature were measured.The content of cAMP and HSP70 expression in hypothalamus were detected.Results Naloxone can limit IL-1?-induced fever and decrease the content of cAMP and HSP70 expression in hypothalamus(P