The blockade of targeted immune checkpoint is one of the most promising approaches to activate therapeutic antitu-mor immunity. The immune checkpoint refers to a plethora of inhibitory pathways in the immune system. These pathways are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance and modulating the duration and amplitude of physiological immune responses in peripheral tissues to minimize collateral tissue damage. Tumors co-opt certain immune-checkpoint pathways as a major mechanism of immune resistance. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibodies were the first of this class of immunotherapeutics to acquire approval from the US Food and Drug Administration. Preliminary clinical findings with blockers of additional immune-checkpoint proteins, such as pro-grammed cell death protein 1, indicate broad and diverse opportunities to enhance anti-tumor immunity with the potential to produce du-rable clinical responses. Classic chemotherapy exerts significant immunomodulatory effects on tumor cells via multiple mechanisms. Therefore, the combination of immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade with chemotherapy, is a new promising trend in anti-tumor immunotherapy.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in breast cancer patients can be detected by Cell Search system. Results from recent studies suggested that CTCs level might serve as a prognostic marker and be used in the early assessment of therapeutic response in patients with metastatic breast cancer. However the role of CTCs in early stage breast cancer is not well established. Large prospective trials are needed to further understand its biological characteristics and to confirm its role as a predictive and prognostic marker.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of uterine artery embolization on cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) and curettage opportunity.Methods Sixty-three patients with CSP received curettage after uterine artery embolization with gelfoam were selected.Among of them,21 cases received curettage within 24 h after uterine artery embolization (group A); 20 cases within 1-3 d (group B);22 cases within 4-7 d (group C).The intraoperative haemorrhage,serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG)level resolution time,duration of hospital stay,hospitalization cost,postoperative complications were observed after the termination of the pregnancy.Results The duration of hospital stay and hospitalization cost in group A and group B were (10.5 ± 3.9),(10.2 ± 5.2) d and (7353 ± 962),(7594 ± 1032) yuan,respectively,and there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Which was lower than that in group C [(13.9 ± 5.4) d,(10 980 ± 1534) yuan],and there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.01).The intraoperative haemorrhage,serum β-hCG level resolution time and postoperative complications in group B and group C were(20.2 ± 8.8),(20.7 ± 9.3) ml and (25.9 ± 9.3),(25.7 ± 8.1) d and 40.0％(8/20),40.9％(9/22),and there was no significant difference(P＞ 0.05).But which was better than those in group A[(35.0 ± 10.7) ml,(20.5 ± 7.7) d,66.7％ (14/21)],and there was significant difference (P ＜0.01).Conclusions The treatment of curettage after the uterine artery embolization is a safe and effective method for CSP.There are fewer complications,shorter hospital stays and fewer hospitalization costs if receiving curettage within 1-3 d after uterine artery embolization.

Objective To investigate effects of sinusitis mixture on functional endoscopic sinus after surgery .Methods According random number table,36 cases of chronic nasosinusitis patients were divided into the treatment group and control group,the two groups were routinely 2%NaCl saline nasal irrigation,use of nasal corticosteroids and mucous discharging agent mixture used in postoperative patients with sinusitis in the treatment group oral therapy. Results The treatment group 100%,total efficiency in the control group (89%) (χ2 =4.36,P<0.05),there was a statistically significant difference.Conclusion Sinusitis mixture has significant efficacy on the recovery of patients afterfunctional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Objective To emphasize the necessitya and principle of hearing and speech training after cochlear implantatiom.Methods 2 cases evaluation pre-and post-operation.Results The result of 1 case who carried out effective hearing and speech training post-operation is much better than the result of another one who did not do the training.Conclusion The deaf children can get hearing by cochlear implant.In order to get good rehabilitation result,they should do scientific and effective hearing and speech training.

This article was aimed to evaluate clinical efficacy of the pulmonary rehabilitation health education guidance mode. The CAT assessment tool was used for evaluation of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) inpatients and outpatients in the Respiratory Department, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University. A total of 80 stable COPD patients were randomized divided into the treatment group and control group. In the treatment group, stable COPD patients received pulmonary rehabilitation health education guidance. And then the quality of life was evaluated. The results showed that compared with the control group, after 48-week health education intervention, the CAT score and dyspnea index scale score of 40 patients in the treatment group were decreased with significant difference (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the guidance mode of pulmonary rehabilitation health education was conducive to improving the quality of life of pa-tients with COPD, decreasing the dyspnea index score, and improving exercise tolerance in patients to a certain extent. This pattern can be implemented in the optimization of future clinical practice and nursing.

Objective To test the effect and safety of′cocktail′wet compression on alleviate the swelling arm after the inter‐vention through the radial artery .Methods Patients whose arm were swollen after the intervention through radial artery were di‐vided into two groups (experiment group ,47 patients vs .control group ,46 patients) .The experiment group adopt the′cocktail′wet compress plus traditional therapy (including elevate and immobile the swelling arm);the control group only use the traditional ther‐apy .The levels of pain ,swelling index and the number of the blister were compared between two groups .Results None of the limbs necrosis was observed in two groups .The level of pain(2 .62 ± 0 .86 vs .5 .46 ± 1 .02) ,swelling index (3 .3% ± 2% vs .5 .8% ± 3% ) of the arm ,and the number of blister (0 vs .4) in experiment group were lower than in the control group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The bundle of therapy strategy which named'cocktail'wet compress can lessen the swelling of the arm induced by intervention through radial artery ;it is both safe and effective thus deserves widely application .

Objective:To investigate the expression pattern of MMP-11 and MMP-14 in breast carcinoma, and the effect of MMP-11 on breast carcinoma cell migration and invasion. Methods:MMP-11 and MMP-14 expression were examined in 161 invasive breast carcinoma tissue samples and 10 normal breast tissue samples. siRNA was used to knockout MMP-11 in breast carcinoma cell line MB-231 and Transwells were used to evaluate changes in migration ability and invasion ability. Results:Both MMP-11 and MMP-14 were highly expressed in breast carcinoma samples,122 and 149 samples out of 161,respectively. The expression of both proteins were correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM staging. After knockout of MMP-11,the expression of both proteins decreased in MB-231 cell line and experiments show that the cell′s migration and invasion abilities were significantly weakened. Conclusion:MMP-11 and MMP-14 could promote invasion and metastasis of breast carcinoma. Knockout of MMP-11 results in the downregulated expression of MMP-14,and the inhibition of breast carcinoma cell′s migration and invasion. They could be potential prognostic markers and treatment targets for of breast carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effects of HRT on endometrium of postmenopausal women.Methods 53 cases of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding(PMB),from Jan,1995 to Dec.1999 treated by HRT were selected to make a comparison with the other 60 cases of PMB without HRT during the corresponding period.Both groups had integrated ultrasonic and pathological data and getting information from succedent inspection.Results The rates of the endometrial carcinorma incidences that happen in the HRT group were non-HRT group were 5 66% and 8 33% respectively,which had little significant.While the occurring rates of inflammation were 1 89% and 16 67% respectively,a significant difference between the both existed here.Conclusions With HRT,the various symptoms of post menopause women can be efficiently improved.It is safe and effective in short term.But a close monitoring is absolutely necessary for its long term effect(5 years or more).

Objective:To investigate the biomechanical effect of magn et ic expansion by a new electronic speckle pattern interferometry. Methods :One fresh human skull of 12 years old with intact suture tissues and pe riodontal membrane was adopted. Magnetic expansion was loaded on the maxilla for 1,5,15,30 and 60 min respectively by magnetic force (NdFeB).Relative informa tion on the maxillary complex was acquired by electronic speckle pattern interfe rometry(ESPI). The deforming fringes was processed by the microcomputer image s ystem and the corresponding out-of plane displacement of the maxillary complex was analyzed. Results:Fringes of the maxillary complex were obs erved on monitor screen when magnetic force was loaded. From 1 min to 30 min-lo ading the fringe density was increasing, but decreased 1 h after loading. There was no fringe in the suture of the skull. Greate deformity was found on the lowe r part of maxilla. Conclusion:Magnetic force of expansion is con centrated in the deep structure of the maxillary complex.