For interventional therapy of hepatic carcinoma, the anatomical pathway and the variation of complex vessels often cause difficulties in performing super-selective catheterization, or even result in catheterization failure. Understanding of the vascular variations and finding out the effective technique of catheterization can surely reduce the radiation exposure dose to both the operators and patients, and in the same time, can increase the successful rate of super-selective catheterization, which will undoubtedly improve the curative effect. More than 30 thousand times of interventional managements for hepatic carcinoma have been performed in our hospital, from which the author has selected some successful cases as well as some unsuccessful cases to make a technical analysis in order to sum up the experience of super-selective catheterization for clinical physicians' reference.

Interventional treatment has become the first-line therapeutic method for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With the development of related techniques,drug-loaded microparticles and radioactive microspheres have been applied in clinical prac-tice,with good therapeutic effect achieved.This paper analyzes and summarizes the existing interventional treatment methods and problems, and points out that HCC patients can achieve great benefits from combination therapy,and that standardized interventional therapy is a direc-tion for future development.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with 355～500?m polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles for treatment of larger hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Seventy-three patients with larger HCC had been undergone TACE. Median tumor size was 12.3 (range 8.4～20.4) cm with Child-Pugh class A in all patients. The chemotherapy agents, Lipiodol and PVA were injected into tumor artery for each patient, with dose of PVA 100mg for 71 patients, 200mg and 50mg for each of another cases, respectively. The changes and responses of liver function and tumor size were noted. Results The tumor size decreased with an average of 3cm (P

Seven cases exhibited segmental bile duct dilation with filling defects. One case only showed dilatation of lobar bile ducts. Conclusion MRI features of IPNB are helpful for distinguishing IPNB from other hepatic lesions.

10 mm)were showed by DSA.On nonenhanced CT,there were 3-4 low density nodules and 4 isodensity nodules.Thirty-two nodules was high density and 8 nodules was low density in arterial phase,33 and 7 nodules were low density and isodensity respectively in portal venous phase,39 and 1 nodule were low density and isodensity respectively in delayed phase.Conclusion The MSCT is excelled DSA in detection satellite nodule of HCC,especially smaller than 10 mm nodule.

Objective To evaluate the value of liver acquisition with volume acceleration(LAVA) in the diagnosis of hepatic outflow abnormalities.Methods LAVA was performed in 78 patients with suspected hepatic outflow abnormalities,thrombosis,stenosis,occlusion,or compression,including 71 hepatocellular carcinomas and 7 Budd-Chiari syndrome.Image quality and the presence of venous abnormalities and collaterals were evaluated.Results LAVA images were of diagnostic quality and without artifact in all patients.LAVA clearly showed the vascular anatomy and various disorders.The site,extent,cause of venous obstruction,and collateral pathways were well depicted.Conclusion LAVA is simple to perform and accurate in detecting hepatic outflow abnormalities.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high fatality rate and most patients are in advanced stage when diagnosed with routine methods.As a molecular imaging method, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has become more and more important.However, it also has certain limitations, since it always has false-negative results for well-differentiated HCC and small HCC.Therefore, a combination of various tracers can improve the sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT in the diagnosis of HCC.This article reviews the role of PET/CT in the therapeutic effect evaluation, recurrence monitoring, and prognosis of HCC.

Objective To assess the quality of examination paper,level of examination paper proposition,teachers' teaching quality and teaching effect by sampling inspection of examination paper.Methods Examination papers of 85 courses were quantitatively assessed by using evaluation form of Examination Paper Quality of Anhui Medical University.Results Propositions of papers were well or largely complied with the requirements of syllabus.2.4％ of examination papers had content errors.Students' scores of 91.6％ papers were in normal distribution.Quality of papers was improved year by year,but was significantly different among public basic courses,specialized basic courses and specialized courses(x2 =8.865,P =0.042).The qualitative analysis results showed that there were shortcomings in proposition,grading,paper analysis and archiving.Conclusions Management of examination paper is needed to improve the quality of teaching and studying and pave the way for the undergraduate teaching evaluation.

Objective To improve health care workers’(HCWs)infection prevention and control consciousness through carrying out catheter-associated urinary tract infection(CAUTI)prevention and control project,and imple-ment prevention and control measures in practical work.Methods Diagnostic criteria of CAUTI issued by the U.S. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control/National Healthcare Safety Network were adopted,from October 2013 to September 2014,monitoring was conducted on CAUTI in patients with indwelling urinary catheters for >2 con-secutive days at different types of ICUs in hospitals participated in the project .Results A total of 14 124 CAUTI cases were collected,410 patients developed CAUTI,urinary catheter usage rate was 79.33%(203 114/256 042), incidence of CAUTI was 2.02‰(410/203 114),urine specimen detection rate was 46.52%(6 570 /14 124).The detection rate of urine specimens increased from 37.24% (the fourth quarter of 2013)to 49.76% (the third quarter of 2014).Of prevention measures,the difference in the indication of catheterization was significantly different(P <0.01).Conclusion Through the development of competence building project of healthcare-associated infection pre-vention and control,prevention and control of CAUTI has achieved good intervention effect.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) in the intensive care unit(ICU) of a hospital,and provide theoretical reference for preventing and controlling VAP.Methods ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours between October 2013 and December 2014 were monitored by targeted monitoring method,risk factors for the occurrence of VAP were analyzed.Results A total of 483 patients received mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours,76 (15.73％) of whom developed VAP;the overall ventilator days were 5 347 days,incidence of VAP was 14.21 per 1 000 ventilator days.Univariate analysis showed that groups of gender,age,length of hospital stay,and duration of artificial airway were all significantly different,VAP rate in male patients was higher than that in female patients(x2 =9.838,P＜0.01);VAP rate was highest in patients aged 41-70 years(x2 =10.242,P＜0.01),followed by patients aged≥71 years;VAP rate were relatively higher in patients with longer length of hospital stay and longer duration of artificial airway(x2 =59.533,P＜0.01;x2 =74.215,P＜0.01,respectively).Conclusion Incidence of VAP in the ICU of this hospital is higher,especially in male patients,patients aged 41-70 years,as well as patients with long length of hospital stay and long duration of artificial airway.