BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that the chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold with good biological performance is very similar to natural bone in structure, and plays the performance of different materials. OBJECTIVE:To observe the repairing effect of chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold on articular cartilage injury. METHODS:Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were selected to make articular cartilage injury on the left knee, and then model rabbits were randomly divided into sodium hyaluronate gel group (control group, n=15) and chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold group (experimental group, n=15). At 4, 8, 12 weeks after scaffoldimplantation, cartilage tissues were taken out and observed histological y. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed higher Wakitani scores at 4, 8, 12 weeks, but lower Mankin scores at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation (both P<0.05). Safranin-O staining results showed that at 4 weeks after implantation, chondrocytes arranged relatively in disorder with overt pleated smal projections in the control group, while chondrocytes were wel aligned with slightly pleated smal projections and slightly large nuclei in the experimental group;at 8 weeks, chondrocytes arranged irregularly with pleated smal projections in the control group, while in the experimental group, the chondrocytes arranged orderly with pleated smal projections and large nuclei;at 12 weeks, the chondrocytes in the control group exhibited a substantial y ordered arrangement with pleated smal projections and large nuclei, while in the experimental group, the chondrocytes arranged in order with no pleated smal projections but with large nuclei. Al these findings indicate that chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold can promote articular cartilage repair.

Objective To analyze the water quality of the swimming pools in Yinchuan City from 2002 to 2005 and to know the sanitary states of the swimming pools, so as to prevent water-born infection effectually. Methods pH, turbidity, carbamide, free chlorine residual, coli group and total bacterial count in the water samples were determined. Results 664 water samples were tested, 252 water samples were qualified(the rate was 37.93%). From 2002 to 2005, the rates of up to standard were 29.08%, 22.83%, 40.48% and 50.00%, the difference was significant(?2=30.74, P

AIM:To establish a method for determining the contents of salvianolic acid B,danshensu and protocatechuic aldehyde,the effective components of Shuangdan Oral Solution(Radix et Rhizoma Salviae miltiorrhizae,Cortex moutan) by HPLC.METHODS:Experiment was carried out on a Phenomenex Luna C_(18) column(4.6 mm?150 mm,5 ?m) with a mobile phase methanol-acetonitrile-methane acid-water(30:10:1:59) at a flow velocity of 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength at 286 nm for salvianolic acid B,a mobile phase methanol-acetonitrile-methane acid water solution [HCOOH:H_2O(2:98)](9:4:87) at a flow velocity of 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength at 281 nm for danshensu and protocatechuic aldehyde.RESULTS:The average recoveries of salviano-(lic) acid B,danshensu and protocatechuic aldehyde were 98.6%(RSD=1.91%,n=6),99.2%(RSD=2.2%,n=6) and 97.3%(RSD=2.5%,n=6) respectively.CONCLUSION:The results show that this method is easy to operate and accurate,and can be used to determine the contents of the three effective components in Shuangdan Oral Solution.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a profoundly dangerous,potentially lethal,immunologically mediated adverse drug reaction to unfractionated heparin or low-molecular weight heparin.Clinical vigilance of this disease process is important to ensure its recognition,diagnosis,and treatment.Misdiagnosis of the syndrome,as well as misunderstanding of the disease process,continues to contribute to its morbidity and mortality.In this comprehensive review,the authors highlight heparin-induced thrombocytopenia's clinical presentation,diagnostic principles,and treatment.

To explore the influence of matrix materials in complicate ingredients on traditional Chinese medicine and investigate the excipients selection model based on balanced release characteristics of multicomponents, the influence of HPMC (K4M, K15M, K100M) and Carbomer (934P, 971P, 974P) was illustrated by testing in vitro release of ginsenoside-Rg1, ginsenoside-Rb1 and notoginsenoside-R1 in Panax notoginseng saponins (model drug, PNS). According to in vitro release results of PNS matrix tablets in water and artificial intestinal juice, the release curves were analyzed with Peppas equation and simulating factor (f). Significant differences in k value and n value among ginsenoside-Rg1, ginsenoside-Rb1 and notoginsenoside-R1 existed in various formulations. The release behaviors from various excipients could be described with Non-Fickian transport or super Case II transport pattern. The f2 values for ginsenoside-Rg1, ginsenoside-Rb1 and notoginsenoside-R1 in 971P matrix tablet containing 30% Carbomer 971P were 74.91, 53.45, 57.89 in water and 79.35, 55.51, 51.89 in artificial intestinal juice, respectively. The release profiles fit for the regulation of FDA. The result revealed that the balanced release rates of Rg1, Rb1 and R1 in 971P matrix tablet were obtained.

Objective: To explore the influence of angiotensin-(1-7) \[Ang-(1-7)\] and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)on the proliferation and secretion of cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) induced by angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ). Methods: Ang-(1-7) and PMA was used in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells induced by AngⅡ, synthesis of DNA and protein, change of cell number were observed for rat GMC proliferation. Secretion of PcⅢ and HA was measured by radioimmunoassay in culture medium of rat GMC. Results: Ang-(1-7) and PMA both inhibited the AngⅡinduced synthesis of DNA and protein, increase of cell number, and secretion of PcⅢ and HA in cultured rat GMC. Conclusion: Ang-(1-7) and PMA both can inhibit the AngⅡ induced proliferation and secretion of cultured rat GMC.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of platelet in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension.Methods 25 Dahl salt-sensitive rats (Dahl SS) were divided into three groups: low-salt diet (0.12% NaCl, LS), high-salt diet (8%NaCl, HS) and high-salt diet + platelet inhibitor (8%NaCl+busulfan, HS+bus).Blood pressures were measured by tail-cuff method.After six weeks, animals were sacrificed.Platelet p-selectin expression, platelet cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, platelet-leukocyte aggregation (PLA) in peripheral blood, and immune cells infiltrated on aortic walls were assessed by flow cytometry, and serum IL-6 level was tested by ELISA in vivo.Platelets purified from SD rats were treated with normal salt (0.9%NaCl) and high salt (1.3%NaCl), then the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and p-selectin expression of platelet were detected.Results We found that Dahl SS rats with high-salt diet, relative to low-salt diet, presented with high blood pressure and increased the ratio of platelet p-selectin expression, Ca2+ concentration.IL-6 level and PLA in peripheral blood, and the number of infiltrated immune cells on aortic walls were also significantly elevated in high-salt diet group.The whole events were ameliorated by the platelet inhibitor busulfan.Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and p-selectin expression were also increased in purified platelets treated with high salt than those treated with low salt (P < 0.05).Conclusions Our findings suggest that high salt induced platelet activation with increased Ca2+ concentration may play an important role in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension via vascular inflammation.However, the detailed mechanisms of platelet activation and development of high blood pressure via inflammation induced by high salt intake remain to be determined.

Objective To investigate the relationship between 4G/5G polymorphism in the promotor of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). And to detect whether it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PTE. Methods The 76 patients with PTE, 74 gender and age matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. Genome DNA was extracted from whole blood using phenol-chloroform. Subjects were genotyped for the 4G/ 5G polymorphism of PAI-1 gene using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results Significant difference was found in the frequency of 4G/4G genotype between PTE group and control group (50.0% vs.24.3%,P<0.01). And there were no significant differences in 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotype between the two groups. The 4G allele frequency was higher in PTE group than in control group (72.4% vs. 55.4% , P<0.01) . The recessive allele model was informative and the odd ratio of 4G/4G genotype was much higher than of other two genotypes (OR=3.40, P<0.01). Further stratification showed 4G/4G genotype was associated with high risk of PTE for those individuals without traditional environment risk factors. Conclusions The 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 gene is associated with PTE and 4G allele is recessive. 4G/4G genotype increases the risk of PTE for individuals who have no traditional risk factors of PTE.

Objective To investigate the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of Dementia with Lewy Body (DLB) in order to improve doctors' understanding and experience.Methods Thirteen cases of clinicall diagnosed DLB were analyzed.The clinical manifestations,neurological examination,laboratory tests,treatment and prognosis were analyzed.Results All of 13 patients had fluctuating dementia.Among them,11 were diagnosed with probable DLB,and 2 were diagnosed with possible DLB.There were 8 cases (8/13) with volatility cognitive impairment,8 cases (8/13) with Parkinson's syndrome,8 casess (8/13) with visual hallucinations,13 cases (13/13) with memory loss,4 patients with limb tremor (4/13),5 cases with delirium (5/13),3 cases with increased sleep (3/ 13),1 case with silence (1/13),9 cases with anxiety and depression (9/13),one case with dizziness (1/13),6 cases with abnormal dysplasia (6/13),and one case with abnormal sensitive to diazepam (1/13).The cognitive function fluctuated,the condition deteriorated and two patients died during the follow-up from 6 months and 5 years.Conclusions Lewy body dementia is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disease.Comprehensive understanding of its clinical features is helpful for the early diagnosis and treatment,which may in turn improve the prognosis.

Objective To study the correlation between the risk factors of coronary slow flow phenomenon ( CSF) and the level of plasma D-dimer in patients with ACS ( acute coronary syndrome) after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI) .Methods A total of 297 patients with ACS after PCI were enrolled for retrospective analysis.All patients were divided into CSF group and control group in the light of corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count method (cTFC).Multivariate analysis for evaluating clinical predictors of CSF was carried out using Logistic regression test and Pearson analysis to find the correlation between plasma D-dimer and cTFC.The predictive value of D-dimer level in the occurrence of coronary slow flow was determined by using receiver operating characteristic ( POC) curve analysis.Results CSF was observed in 59 cases (19.8%).The plasma D-dimer was significantly higher in the coronary slow flow group compared with the control group ( P <0.05 ) .Multivariate regression analysis and Logistic regression test showed that the level of plasma D-dimer ( OR =1.276, 95%CI:1.132-3.224, P=0.012), thrombus score (OR =1.108, 95%CI: 1.085-2.103, P =0.018) and target lesion length of culprit vessel ( OR =1.436, 95%CI: 0.635-1.382, P =0.037 ) were the risk factors of CSF.Correlation analysis showed that plasma D-dimer were positively associated with CSF. Receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve analysis showed that D-dimer cutoff point at 515.3 ng/ml had a good judgment significance ( AUC 0.783, OR =1.502, 95%CI: 1.324-2.531, P =0.005). Conclusions The increased D-dimer level is a risk factor and plays an important role in the ACS patients with the CSF phenomenon, thereby predicting no-reflow phenomenon after primary PCI in these patients.