Objective To study the influence of the distance of displaced fragment on the union of diaphysis fracture. Methods A wedge-shaped bone fragment was taken from central radial of the right forelimb of 120 New Zealand white rabbits for estabhshment of experimental animal model. The bone fragment was fixed to the main bone with two Kirschner wires, with certain space between bone fragment and the main bone. Then, the rabbits were divided into five groups, ie, Group A (in situ fixation),Group B (the space was 1/5 diameter of the radial shaft), Group C (the space was 2/5 diameter of the radial shaft), Group D (the space was 3/5 diameter of the radial shaft), Group E (the space was 4/5 diameter of the radial shaft). The animals were killed at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after operation. X-ray photos were taken to observe the fracture healing and the improved Gary X-ray used for scoring. HE staining after tissue section was employed to observe the histomorphological changes of fracture healing. Immunohistochemical method was used to determine expression of BMP-2. Results X-ray findings showed insignificant statistical difference between Group A and Group B, delayed union in Groups C and D and nonunion of bone absorption in Group E. Morphological observation showed same change in fracture site in Groups A and B lout significant late in emergence, formation and remodeling of the callus in the other groups compared with Group A, mainly with delayed fracture union or nonunion. There was no statistical difference in expression of BMP-2 between Group B and Group A (P ＞ 0. 05), but there was statistical significance in Groups C, D and E compared with Group A at 2 weeks (P ＜0.01). There was statistical difference between Group E and Group A at 4 weeks (P ＜0. 01) but no statistical difference at 6 and 8 weeks between either two groups (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions The distance of displaced fragment will influence fracture healing. The larger distance of the displaced fragment will beget more obvious influence on fracture healing. When the distance is more than 2/5 diameter of the bone shaft, the fracture will present union disorder.

Objective To observe the curative effect of Huoxue-Tongluo-Zhitong ointment treating soft tissue injury,and the safety of application on skin.Methods The treatment group was treated with Huoxue-Tongluo-Zhitong ointment,while the comparison group was treated with Votalin Pill.Acute toxicity experiment,irritant experiment and hypersensitivity experiment of skin were performed on New Zealand white rabbits.Results Huoxue-Tongluo-Zhitong ointment decreased local edema and leukocyte effusion,accelerate the re-absorption of hematomas.On injury signs index,group A [ (0.32± 0.35),(0.29± 0.27) ] was better than group B [ (0.58±0.42),(0.91 ±0.34) ] (P＜0.05).The pathological process in group A and B was obviously reduced than group C (P＜0.05).In the neutruphil infiltration density measuring:compared with group C,group A and B both showed significant difference (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between group A and B (P＞0.05).Conclusion Huoxue-Tongluo-Zhitong ointment performed well on the treatment of soft issue injury,with no toxicity,irritation,and hypersensitivity of skin,as well as high safety of administration.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotyping with vaginal self-sampling in primary screening and combining cytology or viral load for HR-HPV positive as secondary screening strategies.Methods:The data referring to HR-HPV genotyping of self-collected sample with mass array matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), HR-HPV viral load of physician-collected sample with hybrid capture Ⅱ (HC-Ⅱ), liquid-based cytology and histology of 8 556 women were from Shenzhen cervical cancer screening trial Ⅱ (SHENCCAST-Ⅱ) conducted between April 2009 and April 2010. The data were reanalyzed to determine the sensitivity and specificity to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of grade 2 or worse (CIN Ⅱ +), CIN of grade 3 or worse (CIN Ⅲ +) when HR-HPV genotyping combining with colposcopy as primary screening strategy based on varied HR-HPV subtype (strategy 1, including 5 sub-strategies: 1a: HPV 16/18 positive; 1b: HPV 16/18/58 positive; 1c: HPV 16/18/58/31/33 positive; 1d: HPV 16/18/58/31/33/52 positive; 1e: any HR-HPV positive). The data were also compared to determine the efficacy of cytology (strategy 2, including 5 sub-strategies: 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e) or HR-HPV viral load (strategy 3, including 4 sub-strategies: 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) of physician-collected sample as a triage with HR-HPV genotyping for self-sampling HR-HPV positives. Results:(1) The HR-HPV positive rate was 13.77% (1 178/8 556) in the self-collected samples of 8 556 pregnant women. Of them,the prevalences of HPV 16/18, HPV 16/18/58, HPV 16/18/58/31/33 and HPV 16/18/58/31/33/52 were 3.16% (270/8 556), 5.14% (440/8 556), 6.66% (570/8 556) and 9.81% (839/8 556), respectively. The HR-HPV viral load ≥10 relative light units/control (RLU/CO) was 8.87%(759/ 8 556), while cytological results ≥atypical squamous cell of undetermined signification (ASCUS) were 12.05% (1 031/8 556). (2) The strategy 1e had the highest sensitivities for CIN Ⅱ +, CIN Ⅲ + which were 92.70% and 94.33%,respectively,among 14 sub-strategies,while the lowest specificity and positive predictive value (PPV). Meanwhile,the required colposcopy referral rates were much higher than other 13 sub-strategies (13.77%). The other 4 sub-strategies of strategy 1 (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d), strategy 1a had the highest specificities for CIN Ⅱ + and CIN Ⅲ + (97.92%, 97.69%, respectively), while 1d had the highest sensitivities for CIN Ⅱ + and CIN Ⅲ + (88.41%, 92.20%, respectively). (3) Both strategies of referring self-sampling HPV 16/18 positives for immediate colposcopy followed by triage physician-collected sample cytology (≥ASCUS) or viral load (≥10 RLU/CO) for non-HPV 16/18 positives had significantly higher sensitivity and specificity for CIN Ⅱ, CIN Ⅲ +, as well as lower referral rates (strategy 2a and 3a). Additionally, based on these two secondary screening strategies, cumulatively using the other four HR-HPV (HPV 58, 31, 33 and 52) positives as triage for immediate colposcopy showed an enhanced sensitivity. Conclusions:Primary HR-HPV cervical cancer screening strategy based on self-sampling with triage of cytology (≥ASCUS) or viral load (≥10 RUL/CO) provides a good balance among sensitivity, specificity for CIN Ⅱ + and CIN Ⅲ + and the number of tests required, referral rates. The efficacy of HR-HPV genotyping combining cytology or viral load secondary screening strategies will have a spiral escalation when HPV 58, 31, 33, 52 are included.