Objective: To study the biotransformation of gracillin by Penicillium lilacinumACC 31890,to isolate and to identify the structures of metabolites and investigate the pharmacological activities.Methods: The conversion products were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative reversed phase liquid chromatography.Their structures were identified by MS and NMR, and the anti-inflammatory activity of the conversion products was investigated as well.Results: Three metabolites were isolated and purified, and identified as 5R-spirost-5-ene-3-ol-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1), trillin (2) and diosgenin (3) with the conversion rate of 1%, 1% and 45%, respectively.In vitro study showed that the three products showed certain degrees of activity to inhibit the production of NO, IL-6 and MCP-1 in LPS-primed RAW264.7 macrophages.Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of the bioconversion products increased along with the hydrolyzation of carbohydrate chain.Diosgenin, the final product, showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity among the three products.Conclusion: The biotransformation of gracillin by Penicillium lilacinum has a high productivity of diosgenin.The amount of glycosyls has notable influence on the anti-inflammatory activity of steroid sapoinin.

Objective:To study the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in the long-term treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children, to analyze the factors influencing the efficacy, and to provide theoretical guidance for the application of CSII in long-term therapy and follow-up management.Method:A total of 60 T1DM children who were under 18 years old, lived in Qingdao for a long time, had CSII for more than 6 months, and visited the Outpatient Department of Endocrinology of Qingdao Women and Children′s Hospital for a long term from January 2019 to June 2019 were followed up with questionnaires to understand their general condition and treatment-related data.Result:After the CSII therapy, the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of T1DM children significantly decreased from (9.58±2.08)% to (7.12±1.11)% ( t=7.315, P<0.05), the daily insulin dosage per unit weight significantly declined from 0.91(0.86, 0.94) IU to 0.80 (0.66, 0.88) IU ( Z=-5.514, P<0.05), and the frequency of both hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis was significantly reduced.Diet control, daily exercise time, the visit frequency and the self-monitoring frequency of blood glucose affected the curative effect of CSII therapy (all P<0.05). Conclusion:CSII therapy can effectively control the blood glucose of children with T1DM in Qingdao area, significantly lower HbA1c, and reduce the insulin dosage and the incidence of hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis.Good diet control, regular exercise, regular follow-up and a high frequency of blood glucose monitoring are associated with better glycemic control.

The construction of clinical teaching faculty team in the practice base for master of nursing specialist plays an important role in the clinical practice and training process of nursing postgraduates with professional master's degree. This study comprehensively retrieves relevant domestic literature, summarizes the current status, core competence, access standards, training requirements and other research progress of teaching faculty team construction in the domestic practice base for master of nursing specialist and explores the urgent need for teaching faculty team construction in practice bases for master of nursing specialist, so as to provide a reference for construction of teaching faculty team in the practice base for master of nursing specialist.

Objective:To translate the English version of the Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSPSC) into Chinese, and conduct cross-cultural adjustment and reliability and validity tests.Methods:After obtaining the authorization and consent of the original questionnaire agency in May 2018, forward translation, synthesis, back translation and expert consultation of the English version of MOSPSC were carried out to form the Chinese version of MOSPSC. From December 2018 to January 2019, convenience sampling was used to select the outpatient staff working in five ClassⅢ general hospitals in Chengdu as the research object to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Results:A total of 420 questionnaires were distributed, 396 valid questionnaires were recovered. The Chinese version of MOSPSC included 10 dimensions, 38 items, and another 3 items to investigate and evaluate the status quo of outpatient quality and safety issues. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.901 for the employee level and 0.978 for the management level. The split-half reliability of the questionnaire was 0.907 for the employee level, 0.971 for the management level, and 0.408 to 0.975 for each dimension. The test-retest reliability of the employee level of the questionnaire was 0.960, and the test-retest reliability of each dimension was from 0.438 to 0.943. The item-level content validity index of the questionnaire was from 0.66 to 1.00, and the average scale-level content validity index of the questionnaire was 0.91.Conclusions:The Chinese version of MOSPSC maintains good equivalence with the source questionnaire after strict cross-cultural adjustment, and has good content validity, internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability, which is suitable for the investigation of patient safety culture in the outpatient setting of China.

Animals ; Bacterial Infections/metabolism* ; Glucose/metabolism* ; Homeostasis ; Insulin Secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Sirtuins/metabolism*