In recent years, neuro-electrophysiological techniques, as objective evaluation methods, have been gradually used in func-tional evaluation, guiding clinical rehabilitation programs and judging prognosis after stroke. They were proved to judge the integrity of cen-tral nervous system and conduction function and evaluate neuromuscular function. Nerve conduction, needle electromyography, H reflex, F wave, sympathetic skin response, motor-evoked potentials, somatosensory-evoked potentials, brain stem auditory-evoked potentials and sur-face electromyography were reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the effects of ulinastatin(UTI)on the nerve regeneration of mice experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and the expression of related factors and protein.Methods Forty mice were randomly divided into four groups:ulinastatin group(U),atorvastatin group(A), empty control group(C)and normal control group(N).The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)in mice was constructed by Freund's complete adjuvant and MOG35-55 polypeptide.Histopathological changes were observed by HE,LFB and Bielschowsky stained at the 3rd week and 4th week after immunized of each group.The expressions of CD4 +T cells were estimated by immunohistochemical method.The expression of myelin basic protein (MBP),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),growth associated protein-43(GAP-43),2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphodiesterase(CNP)were detected by Western-blot.Results The largest neurological score of group U was lower than group C,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05 ).Pathological features showed that the inflammatory cells,demyelination of spinal cord and axonal injury of group U were lighter than group C.With the duration of treatment,nerve injury decreased.After UTI treatment,the expression of MBP,BDNF,GAP-43,CNP increased.They were statistically significant difference when compared with group C(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between ulinastatin and atorvastatin in the treatment of EAE.Conclusion Ulinastatin could reduce the extent of nerve damage effectively and promote its regeneration which provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of MS.

Objective To explore the changes in secondary lesions to motor neurons caudal to a damage site on the spinal cord of rats.MethodsForty female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were given incomplete spinal cord injuries (SCIs) at the T10 level using a modification of Allen's method. Locomotor function was evaluated using an inclined plane test, modified Tarlov scores and the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale before the operation and 1,2, 3,4 and 5 weeks post surgery. Histomorphological changes at T10 and L5 were observed under a light microscope.Results①Morphology of the distal spinal cord: 1 week after SCI, neurites and Nissl bodies of the motor neurons had decreased. By the 2nd week the decrease had become more obvious. At the 3rd week after SCI, neurites and Nissl bodies had not decreased further, but neuron atrophy and apoptosis were found. At the 4th to the 5th week after SCI, neurites and Nissl bodies had increased significantly. ②Morphology of the damage site: At the 1 st week after SCI, hemorrhage and inflammation as well as nerve fiber necrosis were observed. By the 2nd week astrocytes had-increased and a few nerve fibers had grown at the damage site. At the 3rd week, regeneration of nerve fibers and astrocytes were found. At the 4th to the 5th week after SCI astrocytes and nerve fibers had not increased further. ③Locomotion function: The angles of the inclined plane test, Tarlov scores and BBB scores had decreased significantly at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th week post injury compared with those before the SCI. The values at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th week were all significantly better than those at the 1st week after SCI. There was an increasing trend in scores from the 3rd week to the 5th week, but without significant differences compared with the 2nd week after the operation.ConclusionsSecondary degeneration and damage, including decreases in neurites and Nissl bodies, neuron atrophy and apoptosis may occur in the motor neurons distal to the damage site in the early stage after SCI. This correlates with changes in the pathology of local damage.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator(rr-PA) and urokinase(UK) in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods According to the digital table,128 patients with AMI were randomly divided into two groups,64 cases in each group.The control group adopted UK intravenous thrombolytic therapy,while the observation group adopted rr-PA intravenous thrombolytic therapy.The recanalization condition at different time after thrombolytic therapy,the incidence rate of cardiovascular events and death rate were compared between the two groups.Results The recanalization rate at 30min,60min and 120min after thrombolysis of the observation group were 29.69 ％,59.38 ％ and 93.75 ％,respectively,which were significantly higher than 14.06％,35.94％ and 68.75％ of the control group(x2 =6.34,7.01,7.45,all P ＜ 0.05) ;The incidence rate of cardiovascular events and mortality rate of the observation group after thrombolytic therapy were 17.19％ and 4.64％,respectively,which were significantly lower than 40.63％ and 12.50％ of the control group (x2 =7.83,7.62,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator intravenous thrombolytic therapy has significant effect in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction after thrombolysis,which can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality,with good clinical application value.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacodynamic action of Kanggan granules(KG).METHODS:After KG was administered i.g.to experiment animals,the antifebrile effect by using pyretic rats induced by fresh beer-yeast,anti-in?flammation effect by using auricle swelling in mice caused by bimethylbenzene and antitussive effect by using cough-model in mice caused by ammonia were observed and the quantity of phenolred secreted from the mouse's trachea were determined. RESULTS:KG could evidently decrease the temperature of febrile rats,lighten the auricle swelling in mice,delay the cough incubation period and reduce the cough frequency in mice,and markedly promote the secretion of phenolred from the mouse's trachea.CONCLUSION:KG has evident effects of antifebrile,anti-inflammation,antitussive and expectorant.

The article focuses on diagnostic criteria and diagnostic accuracy of the various imaging methods by lymph node metastasis in esophageal carcinoma at present, and compares accuracy of the various imaging methods. In general, the diagnostic accuracy of CT is lower, the diagnostic accuracy of uhrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging is higher. Each imaging method has the lower accuracy for the diagnosis of smaller lymph node metastasis. Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography is higher in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Sensitivity of PET/CT is higher for the diagnosis of distant lymph node metastasis.

Along with clinical medicine improvement and imageology development, The early diagnosis and treatment of uterine cervical cancer becomes possible. Especially computer tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) as well as positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) are widespread applied in clinical medicine. These imaging examinational means supply important bases for diagnosis, staging and therapeutic means to uterine cervical cancer.

Objective To explore the characteristics of executive function and the changes of executive function in schizophrenics with and without homicide behaviors during follow-up.Methods Twenty-two schizophrenics with homicide behaviors (homicide group)and twenty-one schizophrenics without homicide behaviors (without-homicide group) were examined by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST),and followed up 3 months.All patients'clinical symptoms were evaluated by positive and negative symptom scale(PANSS)at the same time.Re-suits (1)At the baseline,homicide group showed higher score in complete lst category(R1st)than without-homicide group((28.64±32.73)vs(11.71±8.10),P=0.027)and no difference on other index.(2)No difference on WCST in homicide group between at the baseline and at three-month treatment (P>0.05).Without-homicide group at the baseline showed higher score in conceptual level responses than that of at three-menth treatment((46.80±27.04)vs.(65.02±21.32),P=0.048).(3)Homicide group at three-month treatment showed lower scores in positive scale,general psychopathology scale,PANSS total,thought disorder,activation,paranoid,aggressive than that of at the baseline(P<0.05).Without-hemicide group at three-month treatment showed lower scores in positive scale,negative scale,general psychopathology scale,PANSS total,thought disorder,activation,aggressive than that of at the haseline(P<0.01).(4)At the baseline,there was no correlation between WCST and PANSS in homicide group,only R1st score correlated with activation positively in without-homicide group(P<0.05).At three-month treatment, homicide group showed the score of failure to maintain set negatively correlated with negative scale,PANSS total, and aggressive(P<0.05).Conclusions Schizophrenics with homicide and without-homicide behaviors show executive function deficits.Homicide group shows more deficits in abstraction capacity than without-homicide group.

Objective To develop a HPLC-MS/MS methodfor determination of cyclosporin A(CSA)and AM1 in bone marrow transplant patient,and explore the relationship of CSA and its main metabolite AM1 within individual and between individuals,and provide reliable basis for clinical rational use of monitoring in CSA blood drug concentration.Methods CSD was used as internal standard,and whole blood samples were treated with internal standard methanol precipitated protein.The column was Ultimate XB-C18 with a column temperature of 65 ℃ and the mobile phase was eluted with 0.1％ of formic acid and 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate in water and methanol containing 0.1％ formic acid.The mass spectrometry was detected by electrospray ion trap positive ion mode,MRM scanning,monitoring CSA 1219.9 to 1203.1 m/z,AM1 1236.1 to 1219.1 m/z,CSD 1234.0 to 1217.0 m/z.Results The concentration of CSA was linear in the range of 16 to 1600 ng/mL,Y=0.0143X+0.0213(r=0.9976).The concentration of AM1 was linear in the range of 10～1000 ng/mL,Y=0.00363X-0.00528(r=0.9973).The ratio of CSA to AM1 (AM1/CSA) between individual ranged from 32％ to 356％.The ratio of CSA to AM1 within indiviolual(AM1/CSA) ranged from 27 ％ to 147 ％.Conclusion HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous detection of CSA and AM1 was established.The variation of CSA exists in the bone marrow transplant patient between individuals and within individual;the HPLC-MS/MS method can be used for monitoring of whole blood concentration of CSA in bone marrow transplant patients.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of mosapride combined withpancreatic kallikrein in the treatment of diabetic neurogenic bladder(DNB).Methods According to the digital table,120 patients with DNB were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,each group 60 cases,All patients received basic treatment,including reducing blood glucose,reducing blood pressure,nutrition nerve and regulating blood lipids,and the observation group was accepted the treatment of original enzyme plus mosapride pancreatic kinin on basis of the above treatment.The treatment time of the two groups was both 3 weeks,The effect,blood sugar,blood hpids,urodynamic,quality of life,and the incidence of adverse reactions were observed.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.33％,which was significantly higher than that of the control group (65.00％) (χ2 =14.602,P ＜ 0.01) ；the adverse reaction rate of the observation group was 8,33％,which was significantly lower than that of the control group(20.00％)(χ2 =11.368,P ＜ 0.01),Conclusion Mosapride combined with pancreatic kallikrein in thetreatment of DNB has better effect,and could significantly improve the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients.So it should be promoted and applied.