By incorporation of tritiated thymidine or 5-bromodeoxyuridine and using them as the markers,we found that the basal cells,Clara cells and type II alveolar epithelial cells in the pulmonary tissues may in some way behave like stem cells and can eventually differentiate into respiratory tract epithelium.The slow progress of researches on pulmonary stem cells up to date has its root in the complex structure of pulmonary tissues and respiratory tracts,which is demonstrated by the facts that the respiratory system is composed of at least 40 types of cells,plus that the growth,renewal,and regeneration rate or capacity of respiratory epithelium are extremely limited.Mean while,there have been no specific stem cell markers for pulmonary and lung cancer,so researchers rely on stem cell markers borrowed from other systems to search for stem cells in pulmonary system.At present,the studies of lung stem cell markers were focused on Sca-1,ABCG2 /Bcrp1,cell retaining marker,surface marker,cell keratin and CCSP.Recently the lung stem cells have been shown to be the targets of transformation during lung carcinogenesis,which has provide more thoughts and direction for the occurrence and treatment of lung cancer.

A total of 3 177 HIV/AIDS patients were admitted in Beijing Ditan Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2009 to December 2015,among whom pneumothorax developed in 50 cases with a morbidity rate of 1.6％.Twenty six HIV/AIDS patients with pneumothorax died with a case fatality rate of 52.0％ (26/50).Pneunocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) was the dominant lung disease related to pneumothorax (37/50).Risk factors of pneumothorax were assessed among 40 HIV/AIDS patients with PCP undergoing mechanical ventilation in ICU,including 20 cases with pneumothorax and 20 cases without pneumothorac.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was independent risk factor of pneumothorax in HIV/AIDS patients with PCP under mechanical ventilation (OR =2.490,95 ％ CI:1.302-4.763,P =0.01).

Objective: To evaluate effect of combination of PA and RES on human gastric carcinoma cell MGC803 in vitro.Methods :The effects of PA and RES were measured by MTT assay.Morphous of cell was observed by light microscope.Flow cytometry was used for MGC803 cell cycle analysis.Results: PA significantly inhibited the growth of MGC803 cell in a dose and time dependent way(P

Objective To investigate the changes in serum levels of nitric oxide ( NO) and endothelin ( ET) in type 2 diabetes patients with vascular complications, and to analyze the relationship between these levels and risk factors.Method We selected 98 cases of type 2 diabetes patients.Based on the grouping criteria, the patients were divided into diabetic patients with vascular complications ( group A,49 cases) and those without ( group B,49 cases) .In addition, 44 age-and body mass index-matched healthy cases were selected for control(group C).Height, weight, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c), blood lipids, and serum levels of NO and ET-1 of all the patients were recorded.Results The NO levels of the two groups with diabetes mellitus were significantly lower than in group C[(43.87 ±12.05)and (53.29 ±11.75)μmol/L versus (66.08 ±16.48)μmol/L, P<0.01], while the ET-1 levels of the two groups with diabetes mellitus were significantly higher [(100.25 ±20.34) and (77.55 ±14.84) versus (53.62 ±8.40)ng/L, P<0.01] than those of the group C.The NO levels of group A were significantly lower than in group B [(43.87 ±12.05) versus (53.29 ±11.75)μmol/L, P<0.01].Moreover, the ET-1 levels of the group A were significantly higher than in group B [(100.25 ±20.34) versus (77.55 ±14.84)ng/L, P<0.01].Between the two diabetic groups, group A showed significantly higher systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), HbA1c, and course than group B (P<0.01).Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between SBP, DBP, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and NO a positive correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) and NO, a negative correlation between HDL-C and ET-1, and a positive correlation between SBP,LDL-C, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and ET-1.Conclusion The serum levels of NO and ET-1 in diabetic patients are evidently abnormal.Vascular endothelium injury will become more serious in patients with complications.Therefore, the serum levels of NO and ET-1 in diabetic patients are correlated with control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels.

Objective To explore the influence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in serum lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), carotid intima-media thickness and stability of atherosclerotic plaques in atherosclerosis patients.Methods A total of 393 cases of patients with carotid artery arteriosclerosis confirmed by carotid color uhrasonography, who are informed consent, was selected as objects.The14C urea breath test was used to determine the infection situation of selected objects of helicobacter pylori.Meanwhile, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the level of serum lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2).Results Serum Lp-PLA2 levels and carotid intimamedia thickness (IMT) of patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis in Hp infection group were higher than that of Hp non-infection group, and with the degree of Hp infection aggravating in the patients of carotid artery atherosclerosis, their serum Lp-PLA2 levels and carotid IMT were also increased accordingly.F test showed that the differences of serum Lp-PLA2 levels and carotid IMT in different degree of carotid artery atherosclerosis group were statistically significant (P ＜0.01).The incidence of unstable plaque of Hp infection group was obviously higher than that of the Hp non-infection group in the carotid atherosclerosis with plaques with statistical significance (chi square value =4.744, P =0.029).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the possibility of complication of unstable plaques in Hp infection group of carotid artery atherosclerosis was 1.82 times than that of non-infection group.With serum Lp-PLA2 every increasing 1 μg/L, the possibility of instability plaque increased by 2％.Conclusions Hp infection may promote the occurrence and development of carotid artery atherosclerosis by increasing serum level of Lp-PLA2 and changing the stability of atherosclerotic plaques.

Objective To evaluate the significance and announcements of interventional treatment in Budd-Chiari syndrome with inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction. Method Forty-five patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome with IVC obstruction were treated by oombined interventional methods such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with balloon catheters and stents. Results After PTA with balloon catheters and stents, venography proved IVC were reopened. After the systemic treatment, clinical symptoms completely or partly disappeared in 24 hours. One patient with acute thrombosis was treated by PTA and stent, 2 patients failed because of IVC obstruction were too long, 2 patients recurred IVC obstruction after interventional treatment. No pulmonary embolism and hemorrhage occurred during the procedure oftreatment. Conclusion The interventional treatment in Budd-Chiari syndrome with IVC obstruction is safe and effective.

Objective To investigate the effects of tongue cancer resistance-associated protein 1 (TCRP1) in proliferation of chronic myeloid leukemia cells (CML),and explore the new thoughts of pathogenesis of CML.Methods The expression of TCRP1 was detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of CML with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot.After the expression of TCRP1 was interfered in K562 cells,the proliferation of cells was detected by 3-(4,5-dimenthylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and soft agar colony forming assay,and the expression of protein kinase B (AKT) and its phosphorylation were tested by Western blot.Results In PBMC of CML patients,the mRNA and protein levels of TCRP1 were significantly higher than those of normal controls.The results of MTS assay and soft agar colony forming assay showed that the proliferation of K562 cells was significantly decreased after the expression of TCRP1 was interfered.After knockdown of TCRP1 in K562 cells,the phosphorylation of AKT was significantly decreased while the expression of total AKT did not change.Conclusions The expression of TCRP1 was increased in CML cells.High expression of TCRP1 might contribute to proliferation of K562 cells via the phosphorylation of AKT.

Objective:To investigate the perinatal prognosis and its impact factors for premature infants with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) who were born at ≤34 weeks of gestation.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 68 pregnancies of TTTS with gestational age ≤34 weeks at delivery, among them 106 preterm infants (TTTS group) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from January 2003 to February 2019. During the same period, another 178 twins without TTTS, congenital malformation, and intrauterine intervention who matched the TTTS group in maternal age (differences within two years) and gestational age (differences within one week) were assigned as non-TTTS group. Perinatal prognosis of TTTS infants born at ≤34 weeks was analyzed by comparing the differences in postnatal early complications and perinatal outcomes (survival time morn than 28 days or not) between the TTTS and non-TTTS groups, recipient and donor twins, mild and severe TTTS infants, and among TTTS infants with different intrauterine interventions. The risk factors for perinatal survival in TTTS infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks were analyzed. Two independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, rank-sum test, Chi-square test, and ordered logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results:(1) Among the 68 pregnancies, the overall perinatal survival rate of the neonates was 72.1% (98/136), the double-twin survival rate was 48.5% (33/68), and the rate of at least one survivor was 95.6% (65/68). (2) In the TTTS group, 62 were recipients and 44 were donors. Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ TTTS was found in 41 cases (mild TTTS group) and stage Ⅲ-Ⅴ in 65 cases (severe TTTS group). (3) The rate of severe brain injury was higher in the severe-TTTS group than those in the mild-TTTS group [9.2% (6/65) vs. 0.0% (0/41), χ 2=4.01, P=0.045]. (4) Gestational age ≤28 weeks ( OR=101.90, 95% CI: 5.07-2 048.37), stage Ⅳ ( OR=14.04, 95% CI: 1.56-126.32) and stage Ⅴ TTTS ( OR=51.09, 95% CI: 3.58-728.81) were independent risk factors for death within 28 days (all P<0.05). (5) Compared with the non-TTTS group, the TTTS group had higher rates of neonatal anemia [51.9% (55/106) vs. 33.1% (59/178), χ 2=9.71], polycythemia [5.7% (6/106) vs. 0.6% (1/178), χ 2=7.18], neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension [3.8% (4/106) vs. 0.0% (0/178), χ 2=6.81], sepsis [15.1% (16/106) vs. 7.3% (13/178), χ 2=4.40], state Ⅲ or higher retinopathy of prematurity [3.8% (4/106) vs. 0.0% (0/178), χ 2=6.81], congenital cardiac structural abnormality [19.8% (21/106) vs. 0.6% (1/178), χ 2=33.45], heart failure [8.5% (9/106) vs. 0.6% (1/178), χ 2=12.29], and renal insufficiency [14.2% (15/106) vs. 1.1% (2/178), χ 2=20.04] (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the twin premature infants without TTTS, those with TTTS and ≤34 gestational age were more likely to have cardiac, cerebral, and renal complications. The more severe the TTTS, the higher the incidence of severe brain injury. TTTS preterm infants with gestational age ≤28 weeks and stage Ⅳ or above have high risk of death.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Qinggan Jianpi Huoxue prescription（QGJPHXP） on the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages in rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride（CCl₄）. MethodA rat hepatic fibrosis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 40% CCl₄-olive oil suspension twice a week at the dosage of 2.0 mL·kg^-1 for 8 weeks. After the model was successfully established， these rats were randomly divided into the model group， QGJPHXP group（32.084 g·kg^-1） and Biejiajian pills（BJJP） group（0.925 5 g·kg^-1）， with 12 rats in each group. The blank group was injected intraperitoneally with the same amount of olive oil. The rats in the administration groups were given the corresponding solution according to the dose， and the blank and model groups were given the same dose of purified water， once a day. After 4 weeks of continuous administration， the liver tissues of rats were taken and stained with hematoxylin-eosin（HE） and Masson to observe the pathological changes. The serums were collected to detect the alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） levels. Interleukin（IL）-6， IL-12， IL-10， IL-1β， transforming growth factor-β₁（TGF-β₁） and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） levels in liver tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The expression levels of CD86 and CD206 were detected by immunohistochemistry（IHC）. Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS）， arginase-1（Arg-1）， phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（p-p38 MAPK）， nuclear transcription factor-κB p65（NF-κB p65） in liver tissues of rats. ResultCompared with the blank group， the hepatic cell plate was irregularly arranged, and local inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous hyperplasia were observed， while the serum levels of ALT and AST were significantly increased in the model group（P<0.01）， and IL-1β， IL-6， IL-12， TGF-β₁， TNF-α， CD86， CD206， iNOS， p-p38 MAPK，p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 levels in liver tissues were obviously increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the levels of IL-10 and Arg-1 were obviously decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， QGJPHXP group reduced the degree of liver cell fibrosis，and serum levels of ALT and AST（P<0.01）， and IL-1β， IL-6， IL-12， TGF-β₁， TNF-α， CD86， iNOS， p-p38 MAPK， p38 MAPK， and NF-κB p65 levels in liver tissues were obviously decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the levels of IL-10， CD206 and Arg-1 were obviously increased in the QGJPHXP group（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionQGJPHXP has ability to inhibit the activation of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages， induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines by M2 macrophages， reduce the release of pro-fibrogenic cytokines， and promote the macrophage polarization of M1 to M2 in liver for tissue repair， thereby serving as an anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatic fibrosis drug.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of a commercial low-residue diet (LRD) for bowel preparation of colonoscopy. Methods: This study was a prospective, endoscopist-blind, and randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups according to administration of LRD: the experimental group and the control group. Bowel preparation quality, compliance and tolerability of the two groups were compared. Results: A total of 61 patients were enrolled, with 32 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. The outcomes were as follows: Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) (7.8±1.0 VS 7.1±1.3, P=0.037), the rate of bowel preparation adequacy (87.5% VS 79.3%, P=0.388), compliance rate of dietary restriction (78.1% VS 55.2%, P=0.057), preparation completion rate (93.8% VS 93.1%, P=0.919), cecal intubation rate (both were 100.0%) and cecum arrival time (9.1±2.9 min VS 9.8±3.7 min, P=0.417), incidence of adverse (3.1% VS 3.4%, P=0.944), and hunger rate before colonoscopy (34.4% VS 48.3%, P=0.102). Conclusion The LRD for bowel preparation of colonoscopy significantly improves BBPS, but its effect on improving the bowel preparation adequacy, patient compliance and tolerability needs to be confirmed by further larger-scale trials.