Objective To elucidate the mechanism of inflammation in vascular endothelial cells induced by hypochlorite-modified albumin (HOCl-Alb). Methods HOCl-Alb-induced NADPH oxidase activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Phosphorylation of p47phox and binding of p47phox and p22phox were measured with immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. Membrane translocation of p47phox was measured with immunofluorescence. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA and protein expression in the presence or absence of apocynin, respectively. Results Co-incubation of HUVEC with HOClAlb resulted in the enhancement of NAIDPH oxidase activity in time- and dose-dependent manner.Compared with bovine serum albumin group, exposure of the cells with 200 mg/L HOCl-Alb for 15min resulted in a 6.16-fold increase in NADPH oxidase activity. Phosphorylation and membrane translocation of p47phox and binding of it with p22phox were also induced by HOCl-Alb. ICAM-1expression was up-regulated after exposure to HOCl-Alb and this effect was significantly abolished by apocynin, a specific inhibiter of NADPH oxidase, in dose-dependent manner. Preincubation of the cells with 500 μmol/L apocynin inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 protein induced by HOClAlb by 68.97% (P＜0.01). Conclusion NADPH oxidase plays a central role in HOCl-Albmediated ICAM-1 expression and provides a mechanism for HOCl-Alb-related vascular endothelial inflammation.

[Summary] Malignant obstructive jaundice is the bile obstruction caused by the invasion of cholangiocarcinoma , pancreatic cancer or ampulla cancer .Due to lack of effective treatment , the prognosis is poor .In recent years , with the rapid development of medical technology and imaging technology , dual interventional treatment technology , such as percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage ( PTCD) or biliary stenting combined with radioactive seed implantation , ablation catheter lumen combined with biliary stent implantation , is applied in the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice .This article is the summary of the clinical application of PTCD combined with radioactive seed implantation , biliary stent combined with radioactive seed implantation and intraluminal catheter radiofrequency ablation combined with biliary stent implantation technique .

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the transluminal radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for malignant esophageal obstruction.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 52 patients with malignant esophageal obstruction who underwent transluminal RFCA at the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Science between March 2013 and March 2016 were collected.Patients received the bipolar radiofrequency ablation (RFA) under dualchannel endoscopy and X-ray.Observation indicators:(1) intra-and post-operative situations:operation situations,operation time,time of RFA,postoperative complications and duration of postoperative hospital stay,(2) follow-up.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the subsequent treatment,survival of patients and recurrence of esophageal obstruction up to June 2016.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as average (range).Results (1) Intra-and post-operative situations:52 patients underwent successful RFCA,without the occurrence of aspiration,asphyxia,hemorrhage and perforation.Esophageal obstruction was disappeared after treatment,X-ray findings showed a smooth esophagus.Average operation time and time of RFCA were respectively 58 minutes (range,20-71 minutes) and 23 minutes (range,8-42 minutes).Patients took liquid food at postoperative day 2 and normal food at postoperative day 3,without the sensations of esophageal obstruction.Of 52 patients,1 with postoperative hypotension returned to normal level through rehydration and increasing blood volume.Five patients with postoperative substernal pain were improved after 2-day symptomatic treatment.And other 46 patients didn't have postoperative complications.Average duration of postoperative hospital stay was 3 days (range,1-5 days).(2)Follow-up:52 patients were followed up for 3-24 months,with a median time of 13 months.Of 52 patients,17 underwent single intravascular interventional therapy,15 underwent intravascular interventional therapy combined with single systemic chemotherapy,14 underwent single systemic chemotherapy and other 6 didn't undergo antineoplastic therapy.During the follow-up,9 patients didn't have esophageal obstruction and 26 were complicated with esophageal obstruction again.Esophageal obstruction of 26 patients was respectively occurred at 3-8 months postoperatively,20 patients were improved after bipolar transluminal RFCA under dual-channel endoscopy and X-ray and 6 received parenteral nutrition support therapy due to extreme exhaustion.Seventeen patients died of cachexia caused by terminal malignant tumors.Conclusion Transluminal RFCA is safe and effective for malignant esophageal obstruction,with a good short-term outcome.

Objective:To explore the clinical and pathological features of familial gastric cancer, and to get the early discovery and early treatment of it.Methods:Two kindreds of familial gastric cancer were followed up and their clinical and pathological features were analyzed.Results:Six patients with gastric cancer were found in the 2 kindreds.Autosomal dominant inheritance was observed in these cases.clinical and pathological features of familial gastric cancer were showed according to the document analysis:early onset;poor prognosis;patients suffer simultaneous or metachronous carcinoma;CDH1 germline mutation carriers had higher penetrance;pathologically, tumors are mostly diffuse infiltrative type with lower differentiated degree and earlier metastasis to lymphnodes;in one kindred,the sites of the lesions were relatively consistent.Conclusion:Familial gastric cancer has particular clinical and pathological features:early onset;poor prognosis;patients suffer simultaneous or metachronous carcinoma;CDH1 germline mutation carriers have higher penetrance; pathologically,tumors are mostly diffuse infiltrative type with lower differentiated degree and earlier metastasis to lymphnodes.

Objective To investigate interventional procedures and polygene feasibility for the treatment of liver carcinoma.Methods pCMV-p53 plasmid-liposome complex and concentrated TKCD retrovirus of supernatant liquid were prepared along with rabbit VX2 liver tumor models of 50 adult New Zealand rabbits.VX2 liver tumors about 2 cm in diameter from 45 adult rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups of 9.Group 1 was the control group that used 0.9％ sodium chloride as a placebo.Group 2 had transcatheter arterial embolization with lipiodol as treatment.Group 3 was the lipiodol and p53 group.Group 4 was the lipiodol and TK/CD group.Group 5 was the lipiodol,p53,and TK/CD group.The microtubule(1.2f)was inserted from the femoral to hepatic artery,tumor supply arteries were demonstrated by angiograms,and the drug was slowly injected under x-ray.The VX2 liver tumors were examined with B-ultrasound and computed tomography for maximum diameter (a) and minimum diameter (b) before and 10 days after interventional therapy.Gross tumor volume (V=ab2/2) and tumor growth rate were calculated.All the adult rabbits were euthanized 8 weeks after interventional therapy (including natural deaths).Histopathological examination was taken and survival time was observed.Results The tumor volume among the 5 groups had no significant difference before interventional therapy (P＞0.05).Ten days after interventional therapy,analysis of the tumor volume for variance and the T-test were carried out.The results showed that each group compared to the control showed a significant difference in inhibiting cancer growth (P＜0.05).The lipiodol,p53,and TK/CD group showed the best effect.According to factorial statistic analysis (2x2),p53 or TK/CD combined with lipiodol therapy can control the tumor obviously,but no mutual synergism effect was found (P=0.793).Each treatment group showed a significant difference of prolonged survival time compared to the control group (P＜0.01).The multi-treatment or multi-gene group showed the best curative effects.Conclusions Interventional therapy can be the ideal path for administering medications for gene therapy.Transcatheter arterial embolization with lipiodol,wild-type p53 gene,TK/GCV,and CD/5-Fc applied in combination can control tumor growth and prolong survival time.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of image-guided 125I radioactive seed interstitial implantation therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer.Methods 25 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer evaluated by retrospective follow-up were enrolled in this study,13 patients received radioactive seeds implantation while 12 patients were given non-surgical treatment.We observe and compare the clinical benefits,objective curative effect,complications,adverse reaction,survival between the two groups of patients.Results Compared with the non-surgical treatment group,the clinical benefit rate in the radiotherapy seed implantation group was 92％ (12/13) while that of the non-surgical group was 42％ (5/12),the difference was of statistically significance.The numbers of cases evaluated as effective were 6 (46％) and 4 (33 ％) respectively,the difference was not statistical significant (x2 =0.427,P ＞ 0.05);The radioactive seed implantation group had no serious postoperative complications;3 cases who received subsequent chemotherapy in radioactive seed implantation group(23％,3/13) and 3 cases in non-surgical treatment group(25％,3/12)suffered from serious adverse reactions,the difference was of no statistical significance(x2 =0.013,P ＞0.05);Comparing the survival rate between the two groups,x2 =0.001,P =0.969,the difference was of no statistical significance.Conclusions The therapy of 125I radioactive seed implantation for unresectable pancreatic cancer significantly relieves cancer caused pain and improves quality of life.

Objectives:To explore the inhibition effect of TK/GCV and CD/5-FC system on liver metastasis of colon carcinoma.Methods:Forty nude mice were divided into 4 groups randomly,which were the control group,TK group,CD group and TK-CD group with 10 nude mice in each group.The mice in the control group were injected SW480 cells in the spleen and NS into the peritoneal cavity.The mice in other groups were all injected SW480/TK-CD cells in the spleen.And GVC,5-Fc,GVC+5F-c were injected into the peritoneal cavity of the mice in the TK group,CD group and TK-CD group respectively.Liver metastasis rate,the number of liver metastasis,the pathological changes of the tumor tissues under the electronic microscope,tumor cell's apoptotic index and life span and other indexes of nude mice in four groups were analyzed.Results:Liver metastasis rate of nude mice in every treatment group was lower than that in control group.Compared with control group,average number of liver metastasis decreased,life span of nude mice was prolonged,and the apoptosis rate of cancer cell in liver metastasis increased.The combined genes in the TK-CD group worked more markedly,and there was mutual effect between TK/GCV and CD/5-Fc.Conclusions:Synergistic effect was acquired combining TK/GCV with CD/5-FC system and it inhibited the formation of liver metastasis of colon carcinoma efficiently.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of renal protective effect of rosiglitazone on diabetic rat kidney. Methods Eighteen rats were assigned to normal control(C) group,diabetic rat(DM) group, rosiglitazone(5 mg?kg-1?d-1)treatment(R) group.Immunohistochemistry,RT PCR,Western blot were used to examine the pathological change of kidney and expression of PPAR?、TGF ?1 after 8 weeks in the kidney of rats. Results In comparison with normal group, the expression of PPAR?and TGF ?1 in diabetic rat and treatment groups was markedly increased(P

ObjectiveTo provide a scientific basis for the prevention and early intervention of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adolescents. MethodsAnthropometric measurements, liver function test, and abdominal ultrasonography were performed in adolescents who received physical examination in our hospital from March to April, 2012. Between-group comparison of continuous data was made by t test, and between-group comparison of categorical data was made by χ2 test. The further multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression analysis. ResultsA total of 4141 adolescents, including 2061 girls and 2080 boys, were enrolled in the study with an average age of 18.62±0.66 years. Boys had significantly higher overweight and obesity rates than girls (χ2=49.5, P＜0.01; χ2=20.4, P＜0.01). The overall incidence of NAFLD in subjects was 8.1% (335/4141), while the incidence of NAFLD in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (13.4% vs 2.8%, χ2=156.4, P＜0.01). The detection rate of NAFLD was the highest in obese subjects, followed by subjects with high body mass index (BMI) and subjects with normal BMI. Moreover, obese boys had a significantly higher detection rate of NAFLD than obese girls (71.6% vs 29.0%, χ2=56.5, P＜0.01). Among both boys and girls, BMI, body mass, alanine aminotransferase level, and aspartate aminotransferase level were significantly higher in the NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group (all P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that body mass and BMI were likely to be independent risk factors for NAFLD. ConclusionThe prevalence of obesity and NAFLD in adolescents in Xi′an is not optimistic. For obese adolescents, healthy lifestyle, body mass control, and BMI reduction are important approaches for prevention of NAFLD.

Objective To study the dosimetry distribution of 125Ⅰ seed chains with different radians in different curvatures of bile ducts. Methods The outlines were drawn on the papers, which are the seed chain models with different radians. Radians formula (radian length=2πr × angle/360) was used to calculate the corresponding 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150° and 180° models with a radian length at 45 mm, for the total length of seed chain model was 45 mm, and the seeds, had no interval or linear arrangements. The image was transmitted to the Brachytherapy planning system for seeds implantation( TPS) to simulate the seed chains with different radians. Using TPS to delineate the tumor target area, of which the activity was set as 1. 85 × 107 Bq, and the prescription dose was 60 Gy. It was prescribed to simulate the bile duct ( diameter at 8 mm) . TPS were used to calculate the D90 and V100 of the simulated bile duct with the diameter at 8 mm, and explore dosimetry of the points at the centripetal and centrifugal sides with 5 mm vertical distance which from two endpoints and center of seed chains with different radians. Results When the radian of seed chain was 30°, the D90and the V100 were the highest (the D90 was 132 Gy; the V100 was 100%). While the radian was 60°, the D90 and the V100 were the lowest (the D90 was 45 Gy, the V100 was 68%). As the radian was 30°, the highest dose was in the center ( dose in the centripetal side was 165 Gy, and centrifugal side dose was 142 Gy) . The center has the lowest dose as the radian up to 180°(dose in the centripetal side was 90 Gy, and centrifugal side dose was 50 Gy) . Among all radians, dose in the centripetal side was always higher than centrifugal side in the center. Between two endpoints, dose in the centrifugal side was higher than centripetal. Conclusions Distribution of seed chain dosage also changed along with the change of radian. When the radian of seed chain was 30°, the D90 and the V100 were the highest. The centripetal dose was higher than that of the centrifugal side.