Objective To elucidate the mechanism of inflammation in vascular endothelial cells induced by hypochlorite-modified albumin (HOCl-Alb). Methods HOCl-Alb-induced NADPH oxidase activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Phosphorylation of p47phox and binding of p47phox and p22phox were measured with immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. Membrane translocation of p47phox was measured with immunofluorescence. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA and protein expression in the presence or absence of apocynin, respectively. Results Co-incubation of HUVEC with HOClAlb resulted in the enhancement of NAIDPH oxidase activity in time- and dose-dependent manner.Compared with bovine serum albumin group, exposure of the cells with 200 mg/L HOCl-Alb for 15min resulted in a 6.16-fold increase in NADPH oxidase activity. Phosphorylation and membrane translocation of p47phox and binding of it with p22phox were also induced by HOCl-Alb. ICAM-1expression was up-regulated after exposure to HOCl-Alb and this effect was significantly abolished by apocynin, a specific inhibiter of NADPH oxidase, in dose-dependent manner. Preincubation of the cells with 500 μmol/L apocynin inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 protein induced by HOClAlb by 68.97% (P＜0.01). Conclusion NADPH oxidase plays a central role in HOCl-Albmediated ICAM-1 expression and provides a mechanism for HOCl-Alb-related vascular endothelial inflammation.

Aim To study the protective effects of SEP on the hypertrophic myocardial cells induced with high glucose and high insulin and the mechanism. Methods The protein content was assayed with Lowrys meth-od;the cardiomyocytes area was measured by computer photograph analysis system;the expression of ANF and PPAR-α was determined by RT-PCR;APS was select-ed as control drug. Results Compared with conctrol group,the protein content,cardiomyocytes area and the expression of ANF and PPAR-α of high glucose and high insulin group were significantly increased. Com-pared with conctrol group,the SEP of different dosages were able to decrease the protein content, area, the expression of ANF mRNA and PPAR-α mRNA of cul-tured hypertrophic myocadial cells induced with high glucose and high insulin. Conclusion SEP can pre-vent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by high glu-cose and high insulin, which is related to its inhibition on PPAR-α signaling path.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of collagenase chemolysis after 1,2,3 years and analyse the relationship between the therapeutic effect and image features. Probing the image features for the indication, 1 254 patients with integral data who received collagenase chemolysis procedure were followed. Methods According to standard unification diagnostic criteria and therapeutic method, 1 254 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation who had intergral data and received collagenase chemolysis from January 1996 to January 1999 in our department were followed up (by visit, letter or telephone call etc). The therapeutic effects of collagenase chemolysis after 1,2,3 years were evaluated with unified therapeutic effect criteria. Results For the simple lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, 1 year effective rate was 93.1%, 2 year effective rate 90.3% and 3 year effective rate 90.9%. Conclusions The simple lumbar intervertebral disc herniation is the absolute indication of collagenase chemolysis, but those combined with other factors dosen't adapt to collagenase chemolysis.

BACKGROUND: Rapid development of tissue engineering is the new hope of repairing bone defect so as to obtain complete bone regeneration,and rapid proliferation of seed cells is one of the important factors in it.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plated at different cell density during subculturing period.DESIGN: Repetitive measurement.PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was conducted in the Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury Laboratory of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between January 2003 and March 2004. MSCs were obtained from iliac bone bone marrow of the 5 healthy male volunteers by separation and proliferation.METHODS: The MSCs of second generation were inoculated at 8×103/cm2,3×103/cm2, and 8×102/cm2, respectively, and then the growth curve was drawn and analyzed. After 18 days of proliferation and culture, the increased amount of MSCs was recorded to analyze the post-proliferation growth curve and osteogenic ability.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Growth curve of cells plated at different cell density; ②Results of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) staining and immunohistochemical staining of osteocalcin.RESULTS: Human MSCs from bone marrow were CD34 negative and expressed low level of ALP. Population doubling time was 40 hours after MSCs were plated at 8×103/cm2 and the number of the cells was expanded (51±13) times after 18 days. MSCs were expanded (28±6) times 18 days after plated at 3×103/cm2. While plated at 8×102/cm2, the number of the cells was only expanded (5±3) times. Proliferative ability of cells cultured at a low density was stronger that that at a high density. MSCs could be induced to differentiate into the osteocytic lineages after plated at not only 8×103/cm2 but also 8×102/cm2.CONCLUSION: Cell density plays an evident role in the proliferation of MSCs. Cell density of 8×103/cm2 is proper to the rapid proliferation of MSCs as seed cells in bone tissue engineering.

AIM To investigate the effects and mechanism of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by urocortin. METHODS The cardiomyocytes were divided into 8 groups: normal control, urocortin, staurosporine(Sta), verapamil(Ver), H89, urocortin+Sta, urocortin+Ver, and urocortin+H89 groups. The cardiomyocytes diameter was measured by computer photograph analysis system. The protein synthetic rate was obtained through measuring the incorporation of [~3H]-leucine into myocyte protein by liquid scintillation method. The total protein content was assayed by Lowry method. The expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was determined by Western blot. [Ca~(2+)]_i transient was measured by Till image system by cell loading Fura-2/AM. RESULTSUrocortin group enhanced cardiomyocyte volume, protein synthesis, total protein content and expression of ANP by 30.9%, 36.3%, 35.5% and 34.7%;urocortin+Sta group decreased cardiomyocyte diameter, protein synthesis, total protein content and expression of ANP by 16.5%, 22.1%, 18.1% and 21.3%;urocortin+H89 group decreased the cardiomyocyte diameter, the protein synthesis,total protein content and expression of ANP by 16.6%, 21.5%, 19.5% and 20.6%;urocortin+Ver decreased the cardiomyocyte diameter, the protein synthesis, total protein content and the expression of ANP by 17.1%, 20.9%, 17.9% and 19.9%;Sta, H89 and Ver could decrease the [Ca~(2+)]_i transient induced by urocortin. CONCLUSION The hypertrophic effect of urocortin in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes is mediated via activation of protein kinase C and protein kinase A pathway and L-type calcium channels.

Aim To evaluate the effects of pioglitazone,a thiazolidinedione on the heart of diabetic animals.Methods Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats were divided into two groups: untreated-DM and treated-DM. Pioglitazone(20 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) was mixed in water fed to the diabetic treated group.After 5 wk,the left ventricle mass index(LVI),cardiomyocytes size and diameters,the content of hydroxyproline and collagen volume fraction(CVF) were measured.The left myocardium sections were made for HE,MASSON straining to observe the level of myocardial cells' hypertrophy and the accumulation of collagen individually and were examined by light microscope.Myocardial ultrastructure was studied by electronic microscope.Results Compared with untreated-DM group,the LVI,cardiomyocytes size and diameters,the content of hydroxyproline and CVF were lower in treated-DM group(P

Objective To analyze the imaging characteristics and to evaluate the application value of color doppler ultrasonography (CDUS)combined with CT angiography (CTA)and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA)in patients with cervical vertigo.Methods 62 patients diagnosed with cervical vertigo clinically were enrolled.Neck CDUS and neck CTA were per-formed on 39 patients.Neck CDUS and neck CE-MRA were performed on 23 patients.Neck CDUS and CTA/MRA were performed on 30 normal volunteers,which were chosen as control group.Neck CDUS and neck CTA were performed on 18 normal volunteers. Neck CDUS and neck CE-MRA were performed on 12 normal volunteers.Hemodynamics and morphology were evaluated and com-pared between the two groups.Results In aspect of morphology:The incidence of vertebral artery (VA)stenosis (46.77%)and VA variation (29.03%)in cervical vertigo group were higher than VA stenosis (23.33%)and VA variation (6.67%)in control group with significant difference (all P <0.05).The incidence of tortuous VA showed no statistics difference between cervical vertigo group (1 1.29%)and control group (13.33%)(P >0.05).In aspect of hemodynamics:The decline incidence of peak systolic velocity de-tected by CDUS in cervical vertigo group (66.13%)was higher than that in control group (10.00%)with statistically significant difference (P <0.05).The peak systolic velocity decline incidence of VA stenosis (86.21% )and VA variation (72.22%)were high-er than that of VA tortuous (28.57%)and VA normal (12.50%)patients in cervical vertigo group.Conclusion The application of CDUS combined with CTA or CE-MRA could provide valuable diagnostic and therapeutic information for cervical vertigo in the as-pects of change in vascular morphology and cerebral hemodynamics,which could further provide objective basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the efficiency of the modified posterolateral curved incision with double intermuscular approach in the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures.Methods From August 2009 to March 2013,15 men and 17 women aged 28 to 77 (mean,46.25) years with posterolateral spitting or collapse tibial plateau fractures were treated to undergo a modified posterolateral approach.All types of fractures were closed,without nerve or artery injury.The duration from injury to fixation was 3-18 (mean,7.13) days.The modified posterolateral approach was preformed to expose tibial anterolateral condyle and posterolateral condyle through intermuscular space of anterior tibial muscle,popliteus muscle and soleus muscle.After open reduction,anterolateral fractures and posterolateral fractures were fixed by the T-shaped plate and Golf shaped plate respectively.Results All of the 32 patients were followed up from 6 months to 36 months (in average of 15.3 months).Postoperative X-ray showed satisfied fractures without obvious collapse of the articular surface.At the last follow-up,the Rasmussen scores were range from 6 to 18 (in average of 14.06),namely 14 cases excellent,15 cases good,3 cases fair.The knee joint functions were evaluated according to HSS.The HSS results showed that there were 12 cases excellent,16 cases good,3 cases fair and 1 case bad.None of the cases suffered from injuries of crucial blood vessel or nerves.No incision necrosis,wound infection or fixation failure occurred during follow-up.Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation via modified posterolateral approach can expose posterolateral and anterolateral tibial plateau fracture in one incision.Fibular head osteotomy can be avoided.The present approach could also reduce surgical injury,minimize the possibilities of incision necrosis or plate exposure.The modified posterolateral approach can be recommended in clinical practice.

0.900.Comparison of the HPLC profiles of the total flavonoids material and the effective parts of the total flavonoids was established and the similarity with the corresponding Citrus Aurantium L.var daidai Tanaka fruits indicated that they were closely related to each other.Conclusion:The HPLC fingerprints of the medicine material and the effective parts of the total flavonoids with high specificity and can be used to control its quality.