Objective To assess of iron overload in thalassaemia minor patients and provide basis for clinical intervention.Methods A total of 458 thalassaemia minor patients confirmed by genetic tests were divided into two groups(α-thalassaemia group and β-thalassaemia group),and 120 healthy individuals were recruited into control group.Serum iron and serum ferritin were measured,correlations between serum ferritin and age,genotypes,hemoglobin were evaluated.Results There was no significant difference in serum iron among the three groups(P>0.05),but the differences of serum ferritin was statistically significant(P<0.05),and serum ferritin in the β-thalassemia group was higher than that of the α-thalassemia group(P<0.05).Serum ferritin also had significant differences between different age groups(P<0.05),and which was higher in young patients(≤20) and older patients.Besides that,in patients older than 20 years,the level of ferritin was positively correlated with age.Moreover,we found serum ferritin had statistically differences between genotypes in α-thalassaemia patients(P=0.006),and which had poor negatively correlation with hemoglobin in β-thalassaemia patients(r=-0.252,P=0.001).Conclusion Serum ferritin was a sensitive indicator to assess iron overload in thalassaemia minor patients,and which was positively correlated with age in thalassaemia patients 20 or more than 20 years old.Our research also indicates different iron overload traits between α-thalassaemia patients and β-thalassaemia patients.

Objective To investigate interventional procedures and polygene feasibility for the treatment of liver carcinoma.Methods pCMV-p53 plasmid-liposome complex and concentrated TKCD retrovirus of supernatant liquid were prepared along with rabbit VX2 liver tumor models of 50 adult New Zealand rabbits.VX2 liver tumors about 2 cm in diameter from 45 adult rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups of 9.Group 1 was the control group that used 0.9％ sodium chloride as a placebo.Group 2 had transcatheter arterial embolization with lipiodol as treatment.Group 3 was the lipiodol and p53 group.Group 4 was the lipiodol and TK/CD group.Group 5 was the lipiodol,p53,and TK/CD group.The microtubule(1.2f)was inserted from the femoral to hepatic artery,tumor supply arteries were demonstrated by angiograms,and the drug was slowly injected under x-ray.The VX2 liver tumors were examined with B-ultrasound and computed tomography for maximum diameter (a) and minimum diameter (b) before and 10 days after interventional therapy.Gross tumor volume (V=ab2/2) and tumor growth rate were calculated.All the adult rabbits were euthanized 8 weeks after interventional therapy (including natural deaths).Histopathological examination was taken and survival time was observed.Results The tumor volume among the 5 groups had no significant difference before interventional therapy (P＞0.05).Ten days after interventional therapy,analysis of the tumor volume for variance and the T-test were carried out.The results showed that each group compared to the control showed a significant difference in inhibiting cancer growth (P＜0.05).The lipiodol,p53,and TK/CD group showed the best effect.According to factorial statistic analysis (2x2),p53 or TK/CD combined with lipiodol therapy can control the tumor obviously,but no mutual synergism effect was found (P=0.793).Each treatment group showed a significant difference of prolonged survival time compared to the control group (P＜0.01).The multi-treatment or multi-gene group showed the best curative effects.Conclusions Interventional therapy can be the ideal path for administering medications for gene therapy.Transcatheter arterial embolization with lipiodol,wild-type p53 gene,TK/GCV,and CD/5-Fc applied in combination can control tumor growth and prolong survival time.

Objective: To prepare ibuprofen sustained-release dropping pills, to evaluate the accumulative release percentage in vitro and to study the drug state in the base.Methods: With the drug content, mass ratio of water-soluble base to insoluble base and mass ratio of stearic acid to glyceryl monostearate as the investigation factors, and the comprehensive score of 2-hour and 10-hour cumulative dissolution rate as the evaluation index, a Box-Behnken response-surface method was used to screen the optimal formula of ibuprofen sustained-release dropping pills.The drug state in the matrix was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).Results: The optimal formula of ibuprofen sustained-release dropping pills was as follows: the drug content of 10%, water-soluble and insoluble matrix ratio of 4∶1, and stearic acid and glyceryl monostearate ratio of 3∶1.The maximum cumulative dissolution rate of ibuprofen sustained-release dropping pills was 78.85%.The DSC analysis showed that the drug crystallization peak disappeared in the sustained-release dropping pills, and formed a solid dispersion.Conclusion: The preparation has good sustained-release effect, and the preparation process is simple.

Objective:To study the qualitative and quantitative methods of Shenbai concentrated pills. Methods:Danshen root and lightyellow sophora root in Shenbai concentrated pills were identified with the method of TLC. The contents of astragaloside Ⅳ and paeoniflorin were determined with the method of HPLC. Results: For TLC, the spots of the two herbal drugs were well separated and without interference. Quantitative analysis of HPLC showed that the average recovery of astragaloside 1V was 100.82% (RSD1.73%) with the RSD values of precision, repeatability and stability tests were 2.79%, 1.48% and 1.44%, respectively; and the average recovery of paeoniflorin was 99.83% (RSD2.34%) with the RSD values of precision, repeataibility and stability tests were 2.25%, 2.16% and 1.60%, respectively. Conclusions: The methods set up by this study are accurate and easy to perform with the merits of good resolution, specificity and reproducibility. It could effectively control the quality of Shenbai concentrated pills.

American medical insurance is mainly composed of public medical insurance borne by the government and private medical insurance. The main cause of death in this country are ischemic heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and lung cancer. The motality rate mainly caused by drug use disorders, chronic kidney disease and Alzheimer’s disease. The development of Chinese herbal medicine is relatively slow and difficult. The education system has covered Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). However, there still exist certain challenges of the development of TCM acupuncture faces the challenge of localization; Chinese herbal medicine still lacks standardization and TCM education needs to be standardized. Based on the current situation, it is suggested to focus on the development of acupuncture and moxibustion, to promote the registration and declaration of Chinese herbal medicine products for treating difficult diseases, and to strengthen the international exchange of TCM education, so as to promote the development and spread of TCM in the United States.

AIM:To evaluate the effects of treatment with HP 1188-immunoglobulin yolk ( HP1188-IgY) on Helicobacter pylori ( H.pylori)-infected gastritis in BALB/c mice.METHODS:BALB/c mice were used to establish an animal model of H.pylori-infected gastritis, and the mice were divided into 8 groups (10 mice per group).Oral antibiotics were used in group 1, 1 mg HP1188-IgY in group 2, 1 mg HP1188-IgY plus 30%sucralfate in group 3, 5 mg HP1188-IgY in group 4, 5 mg HP1188-IgY plus 30%sucralfate in group 5, PBS in group 6, and 30% sucralfate in group 7 with the treatment once per day for 10 d;and 2.5 mg HP1188-IgY was injected hypodermically twice with a 48-h interval in group 8.Another 10 mice were used as normal control in group 9.The planting of bacteria in the stomach was assayed by bacteri-al culture, rapid urease test, PCR and pathological sectioning .RESULTS:Intragastric administration with 1 mg HP1188-IgY plus 30%sucralfate per day effectively cured the injury of gastric mucosa caused by H.pylori infection, and the effect has no significant difference compared with antibiotics (P>0.05).CONCLUSION:We establish a BALB/c mouse mod-el infected with H.pylori successfully.Sucralfate (30%) is an ideal protectant for HP1188-IgY, which might decrease H. pylori infection in the stomach of BALB/c mice by oral inoculation .

BACKGROUND:J2 takes functional domain (MHC CD4-D1/) of complex conjugate of CD4 molecule and MHC class II molecule as a target, and is a smal molecule compound obtained by computer screening from a chemical data containing hundreds of thousands of organic compounds. In the previous study, J2 was used in mouse models of skin transplantation and keratoplasty by oral and intraperitoneal injection. Results verified that J2 could prolong the survival time of grafts, and suppress occurrence of rejection. To better play the role of a drug targeting and to reduce systemic toxicity, J2 wil be further utilized in local treatment of keratoplasty rejection. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the inhibitory effect of new immunosuppressive agent J2 on CD4+ and CD8+T cel immune functions in rat models receiving alogenic penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS:Alogeneic penetrating keratoplasty model was established using the adult female Wistar rats as donors and Sprague-Dawley rats as recipients. Group A: normal Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 0.05 mL placebo subconjunctivaly. Surgery rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group B: alograft rats were injected with 0.05 mL placebo subconjunctivaly after autologous keratoplasty. Group C: alograft rats were injected with 0.05 mL placebo subconjunctivaly. Group D: alograft rats were injected with 1% J2-nanosuspension 0.05 mL subconjunctivaly. The distribution of T cel subsets in peripheral blood was detected using flow cytometry at 3 days, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after transplantation and compared among groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in total CD3+ T cels, CD4+ T cels, CD8+ T cels and CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood lymphocytes in group B at various time points. At 3 days and 1 week after surgery in group C, no significant difference in total CD3+ T cels, CD4+ T cels and CD8+ T cels was detected. At 1 and 2 weeks, the number of total CD3+ T cels, CD4+ T cels and CD8+ T cels increased, showing significant differences (P < 0.05). In group D, no significant hyperplasy was found in CD4+ T cels and CD8+ T cels at 1 and 2 weeks. The horizontal comparison of the same time point: the total CD3+ T lymphocytes of group D was significantly less than group C at 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks after operation (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference at 3 weeks between the group D and group C. The number of CD4+ T lymphocytes in group D was less than in group C at 3 days and 1 week, but with no significant difference. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ had no significant difference in group D compared with group C at 3 days, 1 and 3 weeks. J2 inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation and then inhibits T cel-mediated corneal alograft rejection.

Background::The pharmacokinetic and clinical behaviors of many proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in peptic ulcer treatment are altered by CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms. This non-inferiority study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the novel PPI anaprazole compared with rabeprazole. We also explored the influence of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection status and CYP2C19 polymorphism on anaprazole. Methods::In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive-drug parallel-controlled, phase III study, Chinese patients with duodenal ulcers were randomized 1:1 to receive rabeprazole 10 mg + anaprazole placebo or rabeprazole placebo + anaprazole 20 mg once daily for 4 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the 4-week ulcer healing rate assessed by blinded independent review. Secondary endpoints were the proportion of patients with improved overall and individual duodenal ulcer symptoms at 4 weeks. Furthermore, exploratory subgroup analysis of the primary endpoint by H. pylori status and CYP2C19 polymorphism was conducted. Adverse events were monitored for safety. Non-inferiority analysis was conducted for the primary endpoint. Results::The study enrolled 448 patients (anaprazole, n = 225; rabeprazole, n = 223). The 4-week healing rates were 90.9% and 93.7% for anaprazole and rabeprazole, respectively (difference, -2.8% [95% confidence interval, -7.7%, 2.2%]), demonstrating non-inferiority of anaprazole to rabeprazole. Overall duodenal ulcer symptoms improved in 90.9% and 92.5% of patients, respectively. Improvement rates of individual symptoms were similar between the groups. Healing rates did not significantly differ by H. pylori status or CYP2C19 genotype for either treatment group. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar for anaprazole (72/220, 32.7%) and rabeprazole (84/219, 38.4%). Conclusions::The efficacy of anaprazole is non-inferior to that of rabeprazole in Chinese patients with duodenal ulcers.Registration::ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04215653.

How to effectively repair esophageal fistulas, caused by esophageal perforation, rupture and anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy has always been a key problem for the digestive surgeon. Although there are many clinical treatment methods, the therapeutic effect is still completely unsatisfactory, especially when severe mediastinal purulent cavity infection is associated with the esophageal fistula. In recent years, foreign centers have promoted a new minimally invasive endoscopic treatment technology to repair the esophageal fistula, endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure therapy, with significantly curative effect. In this article, we will review the specific operation, advantages and disadvantages, as well as the clinical efficacy of endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure therapy in treating the esophageal fistulas, to provide a new therapeutic technique for esophageal fistulas and expand the new field of minimally invasive endoscopic therapy.