To clarify the effect of the sympathetic nerves on the body's physiopathological changes and acupuncture effect by the alphal-AR mediation in the past 30 years.The paper has referred to the database of CNKI and Pubmed,and systematically reviewed the publications in the past 30 years about the research of the alphal-AR mediation of the sympathetic nerves to the body's physiological andpathological changes and acupuncture effect.Alphal-AR not only mediated the sympathetic nerves on the inotropic change of the heart,and the contraction of the vascular smooth muscles,bladder sphincter,and uterine smooth muscles and other physiological effect,but also mediated cardiac arrhythmia,myocardial hypertrophy and other pathological process.In addition,Alphal-AR also mediated the acupuncture signal transmission,and acupuncture was able to adjust the sympathetic nervous tension.The body's physiopathological changes are closely related to alpha1-AR and subtype alteration.The in-depth study of alphal-AR helps to explain physiopathological mechanism of the body,as well as provide theoretical basis and the corresponding pharmacological models for better selective drugs.Studying Alpha1-AR on meridians contributes to the discovery of meridian essence and the substantial basis of acupuncture effects.

Objective To observe over-time changes in rat blood flow in the skins of related meridian points during physiological status, the pathological state of ischemic myocardial injury and low or high frequency electroacupuncture intervention and explore the post effect of different frequency electroacupuncture on related meridian points after treating ischemic myocardial injury. Method Fifty male Wister rats were randomized into five groups: blank control, sham operation, model, low frequency electroacupuncture (meridian point A) and high frequency electroacupuncture (meridian point B), 10 rats each. Blood flow in the skins of bilateral points Neiguan (PC6), Ximen (PC4) and Tianquan (PC2), and non-meridian and non-acupoint control points was measured by laser speckle contrast imaging in every group immediately and at 30 and 60 min after the end of three treatments. Statistical analysis was made. Result Blood flow in the skins of bilateral points Neiguan, Ximen and Tianquan was significantly lower in the blank control group than in the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05). Blood flow in the skin of every acupoint increased in varing degrees after low or high frequency electroacupuncture treatment. Blood flow in bilateral points Neiguan, Ximen and Tianquan regions in meridian point group A was closer to that in the blank control group immediately after treatment. Blood flow in three left-side and three right-side acupoint regions in meridian point group B was closer to that in the blank control group at 30 and 60 min, respectively, after treatment. Conclusion The immediate effect of low frequency electroacupuncture on blood flow in acupoint regions is better than high frequency electroacupuncture during intervention in ischemic myocardial injury. The post effect of high frequency electroacupuncture on blood flow in acupoint regions is better than low frequency electroacupuncture during intervention in ischemic myocardial injury.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of brain metastases in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) undergoing preventive brain radiotherapy after remission and to construct prediction model.Methods:A total of 231 patients with limited-stage SCLC who received chemoradiotherapy and achieved remission in 3201 Hospital from January 2015 to January 2023 were selected as the study objects. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors on the occurrence of brain metastases after remission in patients with limited-stage SCLC who received preventive brain radiotherapy. Binary logistic regression was used to construct a prediction model. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of each indicator and the prediction model on the occurrence of brain metastases in patients.Results:The median follow-up time of the whole group was 73 months, and 42 cases of brain metastases occurred, with an incidence rate of 18.18%. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of brain metastases among patients with different T stage ( Z=-4.97, P<0.001), clinical stage ( Z=-8.17, P<0.001), and time from initial treatment to thoracic radiotherapy ( χ2=21.38, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that T stage (stage T 3: OR=6.29, 95% CI: 1.58-25.06, P=0.009; stage T 4: OR=12.91, 95% CI: 3.74-44.57, P<0.001), clinical stage (stageⅡ, OR=8.75, 95% CI: 2.89-26.51, P<0.001; stage Ⅲ, OR=18.43, 95% CI: 7.24-46.92, P<0.001), and time from initial treatment to thoracic radiotherapy ( OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.11-0.56, P=0.001) were independent influencing factors on the occurrence of brain metastases after remission in patients with limited-stage SCLC who received preventive brain radiotherapy. The diagnostic prediction model based on the above indicators was logit ( P) =-19.91+1.84× stage T 3 +2.56× stage T 4+2.17× stage Ⅱ+2.91× stage Ⅲ-1.38× time from initial treatment to thoracic radiotherapy. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of T stage, clinical stage, time from initial treatment to thoracic radiotherapy, and the diagnostic prediction model for predicting the occurrence of brain metastasis after remission in patients with limited-stage SCLC who received preventive brain radiotherapy were 0.728, 0.660, 0.687, and 0.846, respectively, and the area under the curve of the diagnostic prediction model was significantly larger than those of the other indicators (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:T stage, clinical stage and the time from initial treatment to thoracic radiotherapy are all influential factors for the occurrence of brain metastases after remission in patients with limited-stage SCLC who received preventive brain radiotherapy. The diagnostic prediction model based on the above indicators can help to guide clinicians to accurately screen patients at high risk of brain metastases in the early stage.

Objective To compare the skin blood perfusion around Neiguan (PC 6)and sham acupoint needled by the different frequency and stimulation times of electro-acupuncture (EA),in healthy rats and myocardial ischemic rats.Methods According to random number table,altogether 100 male Wistar rats were divided into once treatment group and three times treatment group,which were both divided into control group,sham-operation group,model group,EA low-frequency group and EA high-frequency group (each n =10).After successful modeling,rats of EA groups were acupunctured at left Neiguan (PC 6)acupoint.60 minutes after last treatment of acupuncture,skin blood perfusion around bilateral Neiguan(PC 6)acapoints and sham acupoint were tested by laser speckle contrast imaging technology (LSCI) and analyzed,and the myocardial morphological changes were observed by HE staining. Results Compared with control group,the skin blood perfusion around PC 6 in model groups decreased significantly after three time treatment (P <0.01 ),and that around PC 6 or sham acupoint in model group of three times treatment group was much less than that of once treatment group (P <0.01).Com-pared with the model group,the skin blood perfusion around PC 6 both significantly increased after low-frequency EA or high-frequency EA after three times treatment (P <0.01).Conclusion The variation of skin blood perfusion around PC 6 should be useful for specific reflection of normal condition or ische-mic condition of rats myocardium,but that around sham acupoint didn’t.The effect of three-times-treat-ment against declination of skin blood perfusion due to myocardial ischemia was superior to that of once-treatment regardless of high frequency or low frequency,and EA of high frequency and three-times stimu-lation showed the significant effect.However,the mechanism remains to be further studied.

Objective To compare the skin temperature around relevant and irrelevant meridian acu-points,or non-meridian sham acupoints in rats with myocardial ischemia by high frequency electro-acu-puncture(EA)at Neiguan(PC6)point or sham acupoint,in healthy rats and myocardial ischemic rats. Methods Fifty male Wister rats were randomly divided into five groups:blank control group,sham-op-eration group,model group,high frequency EA at Neiguan group(PC6)and high frequency electro-acu-puncture at sham acupoint groups.Rats in high frequency EA at and at sham acupoints group received EA intervention after their models were successfully established.Temperature around the skin of Neiguan (PC6),Yanglingquan(GB34)and sham acupoints were measured and recorded by infrared thermogra-phy in every group at 30 minutes 60 minutes after three-day treatment for statistical analysis.Results Compared with the blank control group,skin temperature around PC6 in model groups was significantly lower(P<0.01);Compared with the model group,skin temperature around PC6 in high frequency EA at PC6 group was significantly increased(P <0.01);Skin temperature around PC6, GB34 and sham acupoint in high frequency EA at sham acupoint groups presented with no statistical significance; skin temperature around PC6 in high frequency EA at PC6 group was similar to the skin temperature of blank control group,which was measured 30 minutes after the treatment.Conclusion The relative specificity of skin temperature around PC6 can be useful for the reflection of different conditions of rats' myocardi-um.High-frequency electro-acupuncture at PC6 can prevent the reduction of skin temperature caused by myocardial ischemia injury,of which the mechanism needs further study.

Objective To investigate the effect of carrimycin on the biological function of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods Pancreatic cancer cell lines MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3, Panc-1, and PATU 8988 were treated with carrimycin at concentrations of 0 (control group), 2, 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L for 24, 48, and 72 hours. MTT assay was used to measure cell viability; EdU cell proliferation assay was used to observe the effect of carrimycin on DNA replication of pancreatic cancer cells; colony formation assay was used to observe the effect of carrimycin on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells; flow cytometry was used to analyze the effect of carrimycin on the cell cycle of pancreatic cancer cells; wound healing assay was used to analyze the effect of carrimycin on the migration of pancreatic cancer cells; Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of the markers such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell cycle-dependent protein kinase inhibitor 1A (P21); immunofluorescence assay were used to measure the expression levels of EMT-related markers. An analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results Compared with the control group, carrimycin significantly inhibited the proliferative activity of MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3, Panc-1, and PATU 8988 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (all P < 0.01); carrimycin at concentrations of 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L significantly reduced DNA replication in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =2.378, 4.984, and 18.970, all P < 0.05) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =4.879, 6.089, and 9.521, all P < 0.01); after treatment with carrimycin at concentrations of 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L, colony formation ability significantly decreased with the increase in drug concentration in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =5.889, 11.240, and 15.840, all P < 0.001) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =6.717, 15.800, and 18.850, all P < 0.001). After treatment with carrimycin at concentrations of 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L, there was a significant increase in the proportion of cells in G1 phase in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =9.071, 12.280, and 19.360, all P < 0.0001) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =3.061, 4.962, and 8.868, all P < 0.05), and there was a significant reduction in the proportion of cells in S phase in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =2.316, 4.165, and 5.562, all P < 0.05) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =2.424, 3.264, and 5.744, all P < 0.05). Western blot further demonstrated that compared with the control group, the expression level of the cell cycle-related protein P21 gradually increased with the increase in the concentration of carrimycin in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =5.437, 6.453, and 8.799, all P < 0.001) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =25.130, 44.750, and 52.960, all P < 0.000 1). Wound healing assay showed that after treatment for 12, 24, and 48 hours, carrimycin at concentrations of 0, 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L significantly reduced the lateral migration of MIA PaCa-2 cells (all P < 0.05) and BxPC-3 cells (all P < 0.05). Western blot showed that compared with the control group, carrimycin treatment at concentrations of 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L significantly upregulated the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =2.388, 4.899, and 5.819, all P < 0.05) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =2.533, 5.836, and 6.774, all P < 0.05) and significantly downregulated the expression of the interstitial marker Snail in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =12.440, 14.830, and 16.800, all P < 0.000 1) and BxPC-3 cells ( t=5.039, 5.893, and 7.725, all P < 0.01), and it also significantly downregulated the expression of the interstitial marker Vimentin in MIA PaCa-2 cells ( t =3.105, 7.752, and 11.200, all P < 0.05) and BxPC-3 cells ( t =2.555, 4.883, and 9.153, all P < 0.05). Conclusion Carrimycin can effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, and EMT process of pancreatic cancer cells, thereby exerting an antitumor biological activity.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of a commercial low-residue diet (LRD) for bowel preparation of colonoscopy. Methods: This study was a prospective, endoscopist-blind, and randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups according to administration of LRD: the experimental group and the control group. Bowel preparation quality, compliance and tolerability of the two groups were compared. Results: A total of 61 patients were enrolled, with 32 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. The outcomes were as follows: Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) (7.8±1.0 VS 7.1±1.3, P=0.037), the rate of bowel preparation adequacy (87.5% VS 79.3%, P=0.388), compliance rate of dietary restriction (78.1% VS 55.2%, P=0.057), preparation completion rate (93.8% VS 93.1%, P=0.919), cecal intubation rate (both were 100.0%) and cecum arrival time (9.1±2.9 min VS 9.8±3.7 min, P=0.417), incidence of adverse (3.1% VS 3.4%, P=0.944), and hunger rate before colonoscopy (34.4% VS 48.3%, P=0.102). Conclusion The LRD for bowel preparation of colonoscopy significantly improves BBPS, but its effect on improving the bowel preparation adequacy, patient compliance and tolerability needs to be confirmed by further larger-scale trials.

Background Mercury, as a global heavy metal pollutant, poses a serious threat to human health. The toxicity of mercury depends on its chemical form. Distinguishing the forms of mercury in the environment is of great significance for mercury management and reducing human mercury exposure risks. Objective To establish a non-targeted metallomics method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) spectroscopy combined with machine learning to screen inorganic mercury (IHg) or methylmercury (MeHg) exposed rice plants. Methods Rice seeds were exposed to ultra-pure water (control group), 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ IHg (IHg group) or MeHg (MeHg group) solutions, respectively. After germination, the seedlings were cultured for 21 d, and rice leaves were collected, dried, weighed, and pressed. The content of metallome in rice leaves was determined by SRXRF. Machine learning models including soft independent modeling cluster analysis (SIMCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and logistic regression (LR) were used to classify the SRXRF full spectra of different groups and find the best model to distinguish rice exposed to IHg or MeHg. Besides, characteristic elements were selected as input parameters to optimize the model by improving computing speed and reducing model calculation. Results The SRXRF spectral intensities of the control group, IHg group, and MeHg group were different, indicating that exposure to IHg and MeHg can interfere the homeostasis of metallome in rice leaves. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) of SRXRF spectra showed that the control group could be well distinguished from the mercury exposed groups, but the IHg group and the MeHg group were mostly overlapped. The accuracy rates of the three models (PLS-DA, SIMCA, and LR) were higher than 98% for the training set, higher than 95% for the validation set, and higher than 94% for the cross-validation set. Besides, the accuracy of the LR model was higher than that of the PLS-DA model and the SIMCA model. Furthermore, the accuracy was 92.05% when using characteristic elements K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn selected by LR to distinguish the IHg group and the MeHg group. Compared with the full spectra model, although the prediction accuracy of the characteristic spectral model decreased, the input parameters of the model decreased by 99.51%, and precision, recall, and F1 score were above 84.48%, indicating that the model could distinguish rice exposed to different mercury forms. Conclusion Non-targeted metallomics method based on SRXRF and machine learning can be applied for high-throughput screening of rice exposed to different forms of mercury and thus decrease the risks of people being exposed to mercury.