Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of colonoscopy for patients with chronic diarrhea.Methods Data of 2449 patients with chronic diarrhea who underwent colonoscopy from January,1999 to December,2008 were reviewed.A total of 2110 patients who underwent colonoscopy screening for health checkup during the same period were used as controls.The rates of clinic-relevant abnormal endoscopic findings and negative finding were compared between two groups.Results Lesions with clinic significance were found in 44.1％ of patients with chronic diarrhea (1080/2449) and in 41.7％ of controls (870/2110,x2 =2.756,P =0.097).Compared with controls,incidence of non-IBD and noninfectious colitis (x2 =58.578,P ＜ 0.001),IBD (x2 =59.609,P ＜ 0.001),malignant tumor (x2 =21.649,P ＜0.001),terminal ileitis (x2 =6.275,P =0.012),infectious colitis (x2 =17.019,P ＜0.001),intestinal tuberculosis (x2 =7.021,P =0.008),melanosis coli (x2 =6.040,P =0.014) and parasitic infection (x2 =4.245,P =0.039) were all significantly higher in patients with chronic diarrhea.However,incidences of adenomatous polyps (x2 =14.124,P ＜ 0.001),non-adenomatous polyps (x2 =33.427,P ＜0.001) and diverticular disease (x2 =9.921,P =0.002) were significantly higher in the control group.There was no significant difference in incidences of the benign tumor (x2 =1.627,P =0.202) and angiodysplasia (x2 =0.231,P =0.631) between the two groups.The overall screening rate of colonic polyps,diverticulosis,and vascular lesions was 37.3％ in chronic diarrhea group.Conclusion Colonic polyps,diverticulitis,benign tumors and angiodysplasia may not be the causes of chronic diarrhea.Etiology of more than 1/3 patients with chronic diarrhea remains unknown after colonoscopy.

Objective To study the relationship between the mutation of the inverted repeat (IR) gene in the multiple transferable resistant (mtr) system and multiple antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Methods The antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolated strains were tested. An agar plate dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations. The target genes were amplified by PCR and subjected to sequencing. Results No mutation was found in the IR gene of either of 2 sensitive or 5 penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeas strains. Among the 17 multiple-antibiotic-resistant strains, a strain with both azithromycin- and penicillin-resistance had T/A and T/A insertions, and another had A/T deletion. Conclusion Mutations in the IR gene of the mtr system of Neisseria gonorrhoeae might result in multiple antibiotic resistance.

Objective To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection for treatment of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Methods A prospective study was conducted. Forty-eight patients with confirmed diagnosis of VAP requiring mechanical ventilation admitted into intensive care unit (ICU) of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine between May 2013 and September 2014 were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into observation group (26 cases) and control group (22 cases) by random number table. All patients in both groups received western conventional treatment, and the patients in observation group were treated additionally with 50 mL Xuebijing injection intravenous drip twice a day, and control group received only routine western medicine, the therapeutic course in both groups being 7 days. The changes of white blood cell count (WBC), serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels and the clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) were observed, and the clinical therapeutic effect and 28-day prognosis were analyzed in both groups.Results After treatment for 7 days, the WBC, PCT levels and CPIS score were decreased compared with those before treatment in the two groups, and the degree of descent in observation group was more significant than that in the control group [WBC (×109/L): 9.16±1.62 vs. 12.03±2.34, PCT (μg/L): 0.17±0.04 vs. 0.28±0.69, CPIS score: 3.31±0.97 vs. 4.23±1.15, allP < 0.05]. The effective rate of observation group was higher than that of the control group [84.6% (22/26) vs. 54.5% (12/22), P < 0.05], while the 28-day fatality rate in the observation group was lower than that of control group [11.5% (3/26) vs. 36.4% (8/22),P < 0.05].Conclusion The clinical therapeutic effect is good when patients with VAP is treated with addition of Xuebijing injection on the basis of conventional western medicine therapy, as the injection can improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the fatality rate.

60 years) received parenteral nutritional support in the period of perioperation.When parenteral nutrition was applied,average non protein calorie intake was 85.4 kJ/(kg?d), and NPC∶N value was 118∶1. Results:PA,TRF and electrolyte were significantly increased after parenteral nutritional support.The nutritional indices did not change and were kept within normal range during parenteral nutrition. Conclusions:Parenteral nutrition is one of the important perioperative treatments in elderly patients with obstruction caused by colon cancer.It is safe and effective to use parenteral nutrition with low fat and glucose in elderly patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of high intensity focused ultrasotmd(HIFU) for treating the uterine leiomyomata. Methods The patients with uterine leiomyornata who had born children were chosen as the eandidates, The high intensity focused ultrasound tumor therapeutic system was applied to focus the extraeorporeal ultrasound inside the uterine lieomyomata. The real-time two-dimensional ultrasonography was used to guide the location of the focal field and monitor the ablating procedure. The uterus ultrasonography, myomx related signs,syrnptoms were performed for follow-up before and after HIFU treatment. Results Among 65 eases who accepted the HIFU ablation,95% of them showed short-term or long-term effect. 5 % of them showed no effect. Conclusion HIFU is a safe and effective method for the treatment of uterine leiomyomata.

BACKGROUND: Earthworms are one of the most important constituents in the ecosystem and become an environmental information carrier between terrestrial organisms and soil ecosystem. They were known as important non-target terrestrial soil organisms for assessing the general impact of pollution on the soil community. Protein content and growth rate in response to organic and heavy metal contaminants in soil are often used to assess the soil ecotoxicity.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of 1, 8-dihydroxyanthraquinone,one representative of hydroxyanthraquinones, on the earthworm eisenia foetide under laboratory conditions of the growth rate and protein content.DESIGN: Experimental study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Eco-toxicological laboratory and genetic laboratory in a university.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Eco-toxicological Laboratory and the Genetic Laboratory, Dalian University of Technology from February to July 2004. Eisenia foetide, a kind of international standard earthworm, were maintained in a soil mixture before experiments. Earthworms used in this study were healthy adults with 1 -2 month old and 200 - 300 mg mass and the number of the earthworms in each analytical experiment was 10.METHODS: The earthworms were removed from the soil 12 hours before use and stored in Petri dishes on damp filter paper to void gut contents.Then, these earthworms were exposed for various durations to soils contaminated. The earthworm weight and protein content were determined respectively at every 7 days interval.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of 1, 8-dihydroxyanthraquinone on growth rate and protein content of earthworms.RESULTS: No lethal effect of 1, 8-dihydroxyanthraquinone was observed even at the highest concentration(1.0 g/kg soil) of exposure. The sub-lethal effect, however, was evident at all the concentration scale. 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone caused a significant reduction in the growth rate (maximum -22. 5% ) at the dosage of 1.0 g/kg and 28 days contact time.Additionally a reduction in total soluble protein was observed in all treated worms(maximum- 39.6% ) at the dosage of 0. 8 g/kg and 7 days contact time.CONCLUSION: 1, 8-dihydroxyanthraquinone was potentially dangerous to the soil ecosystem and more ecological risk assessment of this chemical material should be thoroughly carried out.

Objective To improve the teaching quality of Sex and Reproductive Health for college students.Methods From February 2008 to June 2010,the general elective course of SeX and reproductive health were offered for students from all the majors in Shanghai Jiao Tong University.The lessons were conducted in the form of lectures,group discussions,role-plays and debates.The self-designed questionnaires were respectively given out after the first class and at the end of the last class in order to have an understanding of the rate of the relevant knowledge known by the students and their suggestions.Results The rate of the relevant knowledge known by the students significantly increased.Some suggestions about the educational reform were received through questionnaire and educational feedback.Conclusion The reproductive health service is needed for college students.Group discussions and role-plays are ideal methods for interactive teaching.

ObjectiveTo develop the interacting learning mode in simulative situation on sex and health courses for college students and evaluate the effect of it.MethodsThe core curriculum for general education of sex and health was open to all the students in Shanghai Jiao Tong University from Feb.2010 to Jun.2011.The courses imported simulative-situation-learning method.At the end of the semester,the feedbaick and the suggestion of the students were collected and sorted.ResultsAll groups from the course involved the simulative situation seriously,which included homosexuality of college students,undesired pregnancy and contraception knowledge,etc.According to the feedback of the courses,most of the students acceptted this kind of teaching method.ConclusionInteracting learning in simulative situation can obviously increase the interest and enthusiasm of students.Meanwhile,the new courses not only improve students' understanding of knowledge,but also improve their communication skills and team work ability.