Objective To observe the influence of long-term smoking on the expression of p53 and K-ras in rat lung tissues, and to study the relationship of smoking to the mutation of p53 and K-ras gene. Methods The model of Wistar rat smoking was built up. Seventy-two healthy male Wistar rats were divided into the experimental group and control group at random. The rats of the experimental group were compelled to smoke, and the rats of the control group were given the same condition as the experimental group was, without smoking. The rats of the experimental group were smoked for 6 months. At the end of each month, 6 rats were chosen from the two groups respectively, their lung tissues were sampled and immunohistochemistry was applied to observe the expression of p53 and K-ras in lung tissues. Finally, the mutation which might happen in the exon 5, 6, 7-8 of p53 and the exon 1 of K-ras was examined by PCR-SSCP. Results The p53 protein was expressed in cell nucleus and K-ras in cytoplasm. The positive ratio of protein expression was increased with the extension of smoking time. The mutation of p53 was increased as the smoking time extended. But the effect of smoking time was not that significant on the mutation of K-ras.Conclusion Smoking can strengthen the expression of p53 and K-ras protein and can also result in gene mutation. As the time of smoking extended, those phenomenons were tending to rise. That provided the theoretical evidence which can be used to judge the lesion of lung tissues caused by smoking and help the early diagnosis of smoking-related lung carcinomas. It is of great theoretical and application values.

Objective To investigate the effect of expressions of P53 and VEGF in smoking lung cancer and surrounding lung tissue,and to offer us with theorial evidence of early diagnosing smoking-related lung carcinoma clinically.Methods126 lung cancer patients were recruited,including 96 long-term smoking and 30 nonsmoking patients.All clinical data was integrity and the patients had clear smoking history.None of patients underwent chemotherapy,radiotherapy and other tumor treatment.The bronchial epithelium,cancer tissues,pericancer lung tissues,surrounding lung tissues were observed by light microscopy,and the expressions of P53 and VEGF of lung cancer tissues,pericancer lung tissues and surrounding lung tissues were detected by Immunohistochemical methed in smoking and non-smoking group.The experimental data was analyzed by SAS statistical software and the degree of difference between the groups was compared accordingly.ResultsThere were different levels of expansion of alveolar wall in lung tissues of smokers,and alveolar wall became capsular to expand.Respiratory bronchioles were cystic expansion and small bronchial wall becomed thickening,with severe bronchial epithelial membrane ranking nuts-chaos and peeling.Goblet cells and the cell surface of the cavity mucous secretions and suppositories were more than those of non-smokers.The P53 protein was expressed in cell nucleus and VEGF expressed in the cytoplasm and endothelial cells of neovascularization.Both their positive behavior was granular brown.Either for smoking or for non-smoking lung cancer,the expressions of P53 and VEGF were higher in tumor tissues than that of in the pericancer and surrounding lung tissue(P

Objective To explore the protective roles of Emodin in the intestinal mucosal lay of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and its mechanism. Methods SD rats (n=30) were divided into 3 groups: sham operation group, SAP group and Emodin group (SAP rats treated with Emodin). The SAP rat models were established via retrograde injection of 3%sodium taurocholate to pancreatic duct. Rats in Emodin group were peritoneally injected with Emodin (2.5 mg/100 g) at both 1 hour and 3 hour after sodium taurocholate injection. Apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cell was detected by TUNEL analy?sis. The expression of glucose-regulated protein78 (GRP78) protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Com?pared with sham operation group, apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells and the expression of GRP78 protein were increased significantly in SAP group(P<0.05). Emodin treatment reduced AP-induced mucosal intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis (P<0.05). But there is no significant difference of GRP78 expression between SAP group and Emodin group(P>0.05). Conclusion Emodin has a protective effect on intestinal layer in rats with SAP through inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. However, ER stress is not likely to be involved in this protective effect.

Objective To improve some surgical model techniques of rat orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods Two-cuff(portal vein and infrahepatic vena cava) technique was applied to the production of the animal model in SD and Wistar rats.Results With the improvements a successful rate of 85% was achieved in the production of the experimental model with anhepatic period of an average 21 minutes.Conclusion The results show that the model is stable and can be used in the experiment of liver transplantation in the rats.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanisms of Phloroglucinol ( PG) on renal ische-mia and reperfusion injury (IRI).Methods:Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (16 rats per group):sham operated, saline-treated I/R (I/R), and PG-treated I/R (PG).I/R model:Af-ter removing the right kidney , renal I/R injury was induced by clamping the left renal artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion.The rats were administered with PG (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or saline 15 min before renal ischemia .The blood and kidneys were harvested 6 and 24 h after reperfusion .Renal function and histologic changes of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)were assessed. Malondialdehyde (MDA),catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured.Nuclear factor-kapa B ( NF-κB) and caspase-3 in the kidneys were also measured.Results:SCr and BUN were (103.9 ±10.4) μmol/L and (15.2 ±1.0) mmol/L in I/R group, and (81.8 ±13.4) μmol/L and (11.5 ±1.2) mmol/L in PG group 6 h after reperfusion .SCr and BUN were (154.9 ±12.1) μmol/L and (28.1 ±1.4) mmol/L in I/R group, and (103.8 ±5.9)μmol/L和(16.0 ±1.0) mmol/L in PG group 24 h after reperfusion.PG treatment significantly attenua-ted renal dysfunction and histologic damage caused by I /R injury(P<0.05).The I/R-induced elevation in kidney MDA level decreased , where as reduced kidney SOD ,CAT and GSH-Px were increased .What is more , the apoptotic tubular cells , the levels of active caspase-3 ,and active nuclear factor kappa B dra-matically decreased after PG treatment .Conclusion:PG protects murine kidney I/R injury by suppres-sing oxidative stress , inflammation , and cell apoptosis .

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism for the different CPI susceptibili-ties. Methods Using a conditioned place preference (CPP) model, rats were selected into high and low preference groups. Using in situ hybridization, we examined the mRNA expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (5-HTT) and 5 -hydroxytryptamine 1 A receptor (5-HT1 AR) in 3 cruci-al regions in addiction, namely the ventral tegmental area (VTA) , the nucleus accumbens (NAc) ,and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) , during the dependence and withdrawal. Results During dependence state, the expression of 5-HTT mRNA in each of the regions in the high preference group was significantly lower than that of the low preference group, while higher expression of 5-HT1AR mRNA in each of the regions in the high preference group than that of the low preference group was found (P<0.05). During withdrawal state, the expression of 5-HTT mRNA in each of the regions in high preference group was significantly higher than that of the low preference group, while lower expres-sion of 5-HTIAR mRNA in each of the regions in the high preference group than that of the low prefe-rence group was found (P<0.05). Conclusion 5-HTT and 5-HT1 AR may play a role in diffe-rences in susceptibility to morphine.

Objective To investigate whether the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2A)gene T102 C polymorphism is associated with the severity symptoms and negative symptoms in the first episode Chinese Han nationality patients with schizophrenia. Methods Altogether 201 first episode Chinese Han nationality patients with schizophrenia were enrolled in this study. Genotyping of 5-HT2A gene T102 C polymorphism was performed by PCR-RFLP technique. The positive and negative Symptom Scale ( PANSS ) was used for the evaluation of the severity of psychotic symptoms before any drug treat-ment. Results 5-HT2A receptor 102-T/T genotype was significantly associated with both the PANSS total and negative symptom subscale baseline scores before the treatment, but not with the positive and general psychopathology subscales. Conclusion 5-HT2A T102 C functional polymorphism may play a role in negative symptoms and prognosis of Chinese Han nationality people with schizophrenia.

Objective To compare the value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) mode and mono-exponential mode in predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for locally advanced breast carcinoma using DWI.Methods From January 1,2013 to December 31,2016,eighty patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma were enrolled into this prospective clinical study.The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of histopathological results.The clinical stage stayed at Ⅱ or Ⅲ.The patients would receive breast-conserving surgery after NAC.All the patients underwent DWI examination by using both mono-exponential mode and DKI mode before chemotherapy was initiated.The parameters included ADC,mean diffusivity (MD) and mean kurtosis (MK).Within 1 to 3 days before or after MRI examination,the patients underwent aspiration biopsy,received 4 to 8 cycles of NAC and followed by surgery.According to histologic grading before NAC,the patients were classified into well-differentiated and poor-differentiated group.According to the comparison between pathological results acquired from biopsy before NAC and specimen acquired after surgery,the patients were classified into pathologic complete response (pCR) and pathologic non-complete response (non-pCR) according to treatment effect.The imaging parameters were compared between the pCR and the non-pCR group using t test.The predicting ability of two imaging modes was compared and analyzed with ROC analysis.The relationships between multiple imaging parameters,pathologic,clinical characteristics of tumor and treatment effect were analyzed using logistic multi-variate regression analysis,and further analyzed using Wald test.Results There were 30 cases of pCR and 50 cases of non-pCR.The ADC and MD values were lower in the pCR group than in the non-pCR group (P＜0.05).MK value was higher in the pCR group than in the non-pCR group (P＜0.05).ROC analysis showed that the area under ROC curve of ADC,MD and MK in predicting treatment effect were 0.732,0.866 and 0.683 respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that,according to predicting ability,MD,ADC and MK successively were the independent predictors for the early response to chemotherapy.Conclusion Compared with mono-exponential mode,DKI mode can reflect the real micro-environment and water diffusion restriction within the tumor area more reliably and accurately,and is more suitable to serve as an imaging technique for predicting the response to NAC for locally advanced breast carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the safety and effectiveness of cytoreductive nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy in patients with metastatic renal cancer with renal vein or inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.Methods:From February 2015 to May 2019, 56 cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus were analyzed retrospectively, including 44 male (78.6%) and 12 female (21.4%)cases, and the average age was (59.2±10.7)(22-82). The clinical presentations covered local symptoms in 26 cases (46.4%), systemic symptoms in 8 cases (14.3%), both local symptoms and systemic symptoms in 12 cases (21.4%), and asymptomatic in 10 cases (17.9%). Among them, renal tumors were located in 35 cases (62.5%) on the right and 21 cases (37.5%) on the left. The average tumor diameter was (10.1±3.8)(1.5-21.1) cm. Forty-five cases (80.4%) scored 2 points and 11 cases (19.6%) scored 3 points by the American Society of anesthesiologists(ASA). Preoperative hemoglobin was (118.2±23.1)(72-178) g/L, and albumin was (37.9±5.6)(23-50) g/L, total protein was (67.7±6.7)(43-81) g/L, serum creatinine was (111.3±119.6)(32-958) μmol/L. There were 16 cases of Mayo 0 (28.6%), 14 cases of Mayo Ⅰ(25.0%), 17 cases of Mayo Ⅱ(30.4%), 4 cases of Mayo Ⅲ(7.1%), and 5 cases of Mayo Ⅳ(8.9%). Fourteen cases (25.0%) were in the stage of cN 0 and 42 cases (75.0%) in the stage of cN 1. Five cases (8.9%) had simple bone metastasis, 16 cases (28.6%) had simple lung metastasis, 2 cases (3.6%) had simple adrenal metastasis, 6 cases (10.7%) had simple liver metastasis, and 27 cases (48.2%) had 2 or more multiple system metastasis. According to the location of the organ system, 91 metastatic lesions were found in 56 patients. Among them, 37 cases (40.7%) had lung metastasis, 18 cases (19.8%) had liver metastasis, 21 cases (23.1%) had bone metastasis and 15 cases (16.5%) had adrenal metastasis. All 56 patients belonged to IMDC prognosis score model medium risk group. The surgical treatment of Mayo grade 0 tumor thrombus was the same as that of routine radical nephrectomy. The tumor thrombus of Mayo grade Ⅰ was removed after IVC was partially blocked by Satinsky′s forceps. The Mayo Ⅱ tumor thrombus was removed, after blocking the distal vena cava, the contralateral renal vein and the proximal vena cava. Mayo grade Ⅲ tumor thrombus needed pringer's method to block the first porta hepatis. For grade Ⅳ tumor thrombus the diaphragm could be cut directly, or the thrombus could be removed by cardiopulmonary bypass. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 22 cases (39.3%) and open surgery in 30 cases (53.6%). Six cases (10.7%) underwent IVC wall resection because of tumor invasion. 32 cases (57.1%) underwent ipsilateral adrenalectomy because of tumor invasion or adrenal metastasis, and 23 cases (41.1%) underwent ipsilateral lymphadenectomy. In this study, there were 11 cases of solitary metastasis, 8 cases of which were operated on and 3 cases of which were not operated on. Forty-three patients were treated with sunitinib after palliative nephrectomy, 9 patients were treated with pazopanib, 3 patients were treated with acitinib, and 1 patient was treated with sorafenib. Results:The operations were successfully completed in 56 patients. Four cases (7.1%) changed from laparoscopic surgery to open surgery. The operation time was (326.8±114.9)(108-589) min. Intraoperative hemorrhage was (1 435.2±1 513.4)(20-6 000) ml, intraoperative red blood cells transfusion was (1 456.7±832.8)(400-3 600) ml in 30 cases, and intraoperative plasma transfusion was (700.0±473.6)(200-1 800) ml in 15 cases. The postoperative hospital stay was (10.6±4.6)(5-26) days. The serum creatinine one week after operation was (109.5±98.7) (47-772) μmol/L. There were 46 cases (82.1%) of renal clear cell carcinoma, 7 cases (12.5%) of papillary renal cell carcinoma and 3 cases (5.4%) of unclassified renal cell carcinoma. One case was WHO/ISUP 2016 nuclear grade 1 (1.8%), 20 cases(36.4%) was grade 2, 18 cases(32.7%)was grade 3, and 16 cases(29.1%)was grade 4. Early postoperative complications occurred in 22 cases (39.3%). Among them, 1 case of Clavien gradeⅠ was wound infection. There were 16 cases with Clavien gradeⅡ, including 5 cases who received blood transfusion due to anemia, 3 cases with chylous fistula, 4 cases with postoperative pulmonary infection, 2 cases with postoperative lower extremity venous thrombosis, 1 case with atrial fibrillation and 1 case with epididymitis. Clavien gradeⅢ a was found in 1 case with pneumothorax. Clavien gradeⅣ was found in 2 cases, including 1 case of acute cerebral infarction and 1 case of renal insufficiency.There were 2 cases with Clavien gradeⅤ with perioperative death. Among the 56 patients, 5 lost the follow-up, 2 died during the perioperative period, and the other 49 patients were followed up for 1-39 months, with a median follow-up of 14 months. The mean survival time was (25.6±2.5) months, and the median survival time was 25 months.Conclusions:It was relatively safe and effective to perform cytoreductive nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy in patients with metastatic renal cancer with tumor thrombus. For the patients with clinical symptoms, IMDC prognosis score model medium risk group, and strong desire for surgery, the combination of cytoreductive nephrectomy with tumor thrombectomy and postoperative targeted medical therapy was recommended.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term effect and security of refractory schizophrenia with brain stereotaxis multi-target therapy technique. METHODS: A total of 87 patients with refractory schizophrenia were treated with brain stereotaxis multi-target therapy and were followed up over 2 years. The scores of Clinical Global Impression, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Wechsler Memory Scale, Actives of Daily Living, and Social Disability Screening Schedule were compared before and after the operation. RESULTS: Of the 87 patients, 40 obviously improved, 24 improved, 12 improved little, 7 did not change. None grew worse, 1 died, and 3 shed. There was a significant difference in the scales before and after the operation (P<0.01). No severe complications and sequelae occurred. CONCLUSION Stereotaxic multi-target therapy is effective and safe for refractory schizophrenia. After the operation, drug therapy should be maintained and recovery of social function is helpful.
Adult ; Brain ; surgery ; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Schizophrenia ; surgery ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Young Adult