Objectives:To explore the antiepileptic cellular mechanism of chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).　 Methods: The rats were kindled by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (45mg/kg weight), and chronic VNS was applied to the kindled-rats. The effects of glutamate (Glu) on the intracellular free calcium (［Ca2+］i) of cortical and hippocampal neurons of normal, PTZ-kindled and VNS-treated rats were examined with fluorescence spectrophotometry respectively. The behavioral changes of all rats were observed. 　Results: The neuronal ［Ca2+］i of the VNS-treated rats were significantly lower than that of the PTZ-kindled rats. VNS could significantly inhibit the augmentation of neuronal ［Ca2+］i induced by Glu. Behavioral changes demonstrated that VNS could significantly reduce the severity and prolong the latency of seizures of PTZ-kindled rats. 　Conclusions: VNS could significantly inhibit the kindling effect of PTZ and reduce the excitability of neurons induced by Glu. VNS might exerted the antiepileptic effects by influencing the activation of neural receptors.

Objective:To explore a simple and effective method of local hypothermia, and to testify its neuroprotective effects . Methods:This experiment adopts twelve adult and healthy New Zealand rabbits as experimental animals. These rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups : ① MCAO (n=6),② MCAO and hypothermia (n=6). The middle cerebral artery (MCA) was exposed through the left orbital approach, and was clipped 2 hours by a 3 mm straight aneurysm clip to establish the MCAO model. We assign 2 cavities ventricle tube to puncture the frontal angle of the lateral ventricle, then 22℃ physiological brine was dropped into the lateral ventricle to reduce the brain temperature in MCAO and hypothermia group. Temperature thermister probes were inserted for measuring the brain and rectal temperatures. The neurological deficits and histological changes of brain tissue were evaluated in all experimental animals.Results: Brain temperature below cortex was descend to 35℃within 20 minutes after hypothermia in MCAO and hypothermia group while rectal temperature has maintained normal. The neurological deficits and histological changes of brain tissue of MCAO and hypothermia group were better than those in MCAO group. Conclusion: The local intra-ventricle hypothermia model is a reliable, cooling rapidly and useful method for selective brain cooling.

Objective To comparative analysze of the applications value of breast-conserving surgery and improved surgical in breast cancer patients.Methods One hundred and sixty-eight female breast cancer patients from February 2005 to October 2010 in the People's Hospital of Rizhaoour hospital were selected.The patients were divided into breast-conserving surgery group (n =80) and improved surgical group (n =88).The patients in two groups were followed-up and investigated for three years.Operative time,blood loss,postoperative drainage,postoperative drainage time and hospital stay,incidence of complications,local recurrence,distant metastasis and survival after 3 year,satisfaction ratio of breast cosmetology,psychological anxiety scores and quality of life scores after 3 years of the patients in two groups were compared and analyzed.Results The complication rate of breast-conserving surgery group was 12.50％ (10/80),lower than the improved surgical group,and the difference was significant statistically (29.55％ (26/88),x2 =7.23,P＜0.05).The operative time ((72.68±5.28) min),blood loss ((39.21 ± 8.59) ml),postoperative drainage ((162.25 ± 28.56) ml),postoperative drainage time((8.16±2.58) d) and the length of hospital stay((11.43±1.98) d) of the patients in breast-conserving surgery group were lower than those of the improved surgical group,and the differences of two groups were significant statistically ((92.48 ± 6.01) min,(68.26 ± 10.23) ml,(343.29 ± 62.18) ml,(16.59±4.96) d,(18.47±2.94) d;t =22.72,19.99,24.61,13.99,18.35;P＜0.05).The satisfaction rate after 3 years of breast-conserving surgery group was 92.50％(74/80),higher than that of the improved surgical group,and the difference was significant statistically (81.82％ (72/88),x2 =4.20,P＜ 0.05).The psychological anxiety scores after 2 and 3 years of breast-conserving surgery group were (40.02 ± 2.63) points and (34.26 ± 3.59) points,lower than those of improved surgical group((42.58±2.37) points and (39.85±2.10) points),the quality of life scores after 3 years of breast-conserving surgery group was (67.58± 11.26)points,higher than that of improved surgical group ((50.85 ± 10.42) points),and the differences were significant statistically (t =6.60,12.16,9.96;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Breast-conserving surgery could reduce the incidence of complications and psychological anxiety situations,improve clinically relevant indicators and satisfaction ratio of breast cosmetology and quality of life for the breast cancer patients.

Objective: To explore the effects of continuous trickle of low temperature liquids through the lateral ventricle on neural cell apoptosis after rabbit local cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Methods:The middle cerebral artery (MCA) of New Zealand rabbit was clipped by micro aneurysm clip for 2 hours and reperfused for 24 hours. Immediately after clipping the MCA, we trickled the left lateral ventricle continuously with low temperature liquids(22℃) to decrease the brain temperature to mild hypothermia (33℃-35℃)and maintained for 2 hours. After reperfusion for 24 hours , we assessed TUNEL method to determine the apoptotic cell rate in the sham-operated group, the control group and the mild hypothermia group respectively. Results:The apoptotic cell rate of the cortex tissues accommodated by MCA in the mild hypothermia group was obviously lower than that in the control group(P0.05). Conclusion:Trickling ventricle with low temperature liquids could decrease the apoptotic cell rate and alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective:The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) and metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in the small intestine and to explore the potential role of NF-?B and MMP-9 in the damage of gut mucosal barrier after traumatic brain injury.Methods:The trauma was produced by a free-falling weight on the exposed dura of right parietal lobe.The rats were randomly divided into control group and traumatic brain injury groups at hours 3,12,24 and 72,and on day 7.NF-?B binding activity in the small intestine was studied by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),and the expression of MMP-9 was studied by immunohistochemistry.Results:The results showed that NF-?B binding activity and MMP-9 expression in the small intestine was progressively increased,reached the maximum at 72 h and kept at high level up to 7 d after TBI.Concomitant upregulation of NF-?B~()and MMP-9 was observed.MMP-9 positively immunostained cells were mainly located at villous interstitium,lamina propria,crypt and submucosal layer,including endothelial cells,lymphocytes and neutrophils.Conclusion:It was concluded that cortical contusion trauma could induce a concomitant and persistent upregulation of NF-?B binding activity and MMP-9 expression in the small intestine which might play a central role in the~()damage of gut mucosal barrier.

Objectives:To explore the protective effects of continuous trickle of low temperature liquids through the lateral ventricle on neurons after rabbit local cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Methods: The middle cerebral artery (MCA) of New Zealand rabbit was clipped with micro aneurysm clip for 2 hours and reperfused for 24 hours. Immediately after clipping the MCA, we trickled the left lateral ventricle continuously with low temperature liquids to decrease the brain temperature to mild hypothermia(32-35℃) and maintained for 2 hours. After reperfusion for 24 hours, we assessed the animal's neural deficits, observe the pathology of the ischemic brain tissues dyed by HE and determined the dry wet ratio for brain edema in the sham operated group, the control group and the mild hypothermia group respectively.Results:①The grades of neural deficits in mild hypothermia group were obviously lower than that in the clipping group( P 0.05 );②The dry wet ratios were obviously different in the mild hypothermia group and clipping group;③ Pyknosis and dense dying by HE were observed in the neural nuclei of ischemic cortex tissues of the clipping group, but no obvious changes were observed in the mild hypothermia group. Conclusions:Trickling ventricle with low temperature liquids could alleviate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, ameliorated neural deficit after ischemia reperfusion and were protective on the brain.

Objective:To study the relationship between the recurrence of benign meningiomas and cell proliferation, and to find some parameters that can predict the recurrence of benign meningiomas. Methods:49 samples from 15 recurrent benign meningiomas and 22 non recurrent benign meningimas were immunohistochemically stained with PCNA antibody and Ki 67 antibody.The ratios of positive tumor cells were calculated,then PCNA LI and Ki 67 LI of different groups were compared. Results:PCNA LI or Ki 67 LI in recurrent benign meningiomas was significantly higher than non recurent benign meningiomas individually( P 0.05). Conclusion:The proliferative potential of recurrent benign meningiomas was higher than that of non recurrent benign meningiomas.When the PCNA LI was greater than 2.0%,the recurrent risk was high.The proliferative potential did not increase when benign meningiomas recurred.

Objective To summarize MSCT manifestations of normal small bowel with oral water and colon water enema double-filling. Methods Small bowel parameters of 44 healthy volunteers were measured with oral water and colon water enema double-filling. The parameters included bowel wall thickness, diameter of filling bowel, bowel wall delamination, bowel wall CT attenuation, the number of the plica, the attenuation of mesenteric fat, mesenteric vessels, the appearance rate of lymph node in mesentery, retroperitoneum, and so on. Results The average bowel thickness was (1.72±0.20) mm; the average diameter of filling bowel was (21.24±3.05) mm; the average CT attenuation of plain scan, artery phase and portal phase was (28.13±0.38) HU, (55.42±0.88) HU and (67.86±0.94) HU. Jejunum plica of normal small intestine was 2.29/cm; the number of the mesenteric artery bowel was 2.59/cm; the average attenuation of mesenteric fat was-98.57 HU; the single layer of bowel changed mostly. Conclusion Proper knowledge of normal manifestations of small bowel on MSCT is helpful for the diagnosis of small bowel diseases.

Electronic case report forms (eCRFs) instead of the traditional paper case report forms (pCRFs) are increasingly used by investigators and sponsors of clinical research. We include a total of 14 phase III studies (8 pCRF, 6 eCRF) to compare paper and electronic data documentation both quantitatively and qualitatively in clinical studies. The result suggests that adaptions of electronic data capture (EDC) in clinical trials have the advantages in optimization of data capture process, improvement of data quality and earlier clinical decision compared to paper-based methods. Furthermore, the successful implementation of EDC requires accouplements with corresponding data management processes and reallocation of resources.

BACKGROUND: Neuroprotective role of hypothermia on cerebral ischemic-reperfusional impairment has been long acknowledged. Since general hypothermia is complicated and unfit for observing postoperative consciousness and neurological function, it is of important significance to explore novel methods of focal cerebral hypothermia.OBJECTIVE: To study the neuroprotective effect of lateral ventricle infusion of low-temperature fluid on ischemic neurons of middle cerebral artery (MAC) occlusion models established on New Zealand rabbits.DESIGN: A randomized case-control study based on experimental animal models.SETTING: Neurosurgical department and pathological department of a general military hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This study was carried out at Neurosurgical Laboratory of Nanjing General Hospital, Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. Altogether 18 healthy New Zealand male rabbits, weighing from 2. 8 to 3.2 kg, were selected 4 - 6 months after birth, and randomly divided into occlusion group, hypothermia group and control group.INTERVENTIONS: Cerebral focal ischemic-reperfusional model was established on the New Zealand rabbits through MCA occlusion for 2 hours followed by reperfusion for 24 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores for neurological function, water content in the left and right brain, pathological changes of nerve cells in the left MCA supplying region.pothermia group, significantly higher than that in occlusion group(7.58 ± 0.58 )( P ＜ 0.01 ), but no significant difference could be observed in contrast with brain was(81.64 ± 0.82)% and (79.26 ± 1.30)% in occlusion and hypothermia groups with significant difference between them( P ＜ 0.05), and it was significantly different between the left side [ (81.64 ± 0. 82 )% ] and opyknosis and deep staining could be observed in nerve ganglion cells in occlusion group under optical microscope, but no obvious pathological changes were observed in MCA supplying brain regions in hypothermia group.CONCLUSION: Permanent infusion of low-temperature fluid into the lateral ventricle plays an important neuroprotective role by attenuating cerebral ischemic-reperfusional impairment and improving post-ischemic neurological functions.