OBJECTIVE：The relative content of trichosanthin (TCS) of the calli induced from the leaves of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. was measured and a comparison between the calli and the root was made. METHODS：TCS was obtained by the fractional precipitate with acetone from the homogenate of the root or the calli. To examine and measure TCS, several methods, such as immuno-precipitation reaction, SDS-PAGE and electrophoregram scanning, were usde. RESULTS：The results of immuno-precipitation reaction and SDS-PAGE showde that TCS existed in the calli and in the root of T.kirilowii Maxim.. It was found that TCS was the richest component in the acetone precipitated crude extract of the calli with a relative content of 44.22% TCS in the extract, though the absolute content of TCS in the calli was less than that in the root. CONCLUSION:Extracting TCS from the calli derived from leaves has not been reported previously. The absolute content of TCS in the root is 2.66 times more than that in the calli.

To analyze six cases concerning clinical features, the treatment process and curative effect of Rhinolith. The six patients had unilateral nasal obstruction, three of them were accompanied with purulent nasal discharge, two had blood with them, one patient had repeated hemorrhage of nasal cavity and two patients had developed headache. By using endoscopic, four irregular stones which are yellow, gray and brown were found in the middle and back end. Because of the severe nasal septum deviation and inferior turbinate polypoid, the stone could not be seen clearly but could be touched by aspirator. In sinus CT examination of 6 cases, it showed incomplete irregular shapes and had high density unilateral nasal cavity in the posterior segment. 4 patients had nasal deviation, 3 patients had ipsilateral sinusitis. 4 patients removed their stone by using endoscopy, 2 patients took the stone away after correction of nasal septum. Pathologic diagnosis: rhinolith. Two patients also had exogenous foreign matters which were considered as pseudo nasal stones.
Back ; Calculi ; Endoscopy ; Headache ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasal Septum ; Nose Diseases ; pathology ; surgery ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Sinusitis ; Turbinates

Objective To observe the treatment effect of acupoint massage and auricular point sticking of cowherb seeds on blood pressure of hypertensive patients.Methods 100 cases of hypertensive patients were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,50 cases in each.The observation group was given routine application of antihyportensive drags combined with acupoint massage and auricular point sticking of cowherb seeds.The control group received routine drug therapy.The blood pressure changes were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of both groups were lower after treatment compared with those before treatment.The total effective rate of blood pressure control was 98％ in the observation group,88％ in the control group,which showed no significant difference.Symptom control results showed that the total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group.Conclusions Acupoint massage and auricular point sticking of cowherb seeds in hypertensive patients can be an auxiliary pressure relief means,it can not only effectively lower blood pressure,but show good effect in alleviation of headache,vertigo,irritability.

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of high frequency ultrasound on lesions of knee traumas.Methods Ninty-eight cases with post-traumatic knee injuries were examined by high frequency ultrasound,and the characteristics of changing ultrasonogram were observed and comparing with surgical results and MR.Results Of the 98 cases with post-traumatic knee injuries,there were 57 cases with effusion and hematocele in knee joint,among which there were 41 cases with collateral ligaments and meniscus injuries,the diagnostic coincidence rate was 93.3% in tendon tear and complete tendon fracture(compared with MR),91.7% in partial and complete muscle tear(compared with MR),67.7% and 71.4% in collateral ligaments and meniscus injuries(compared with surgical results).Conclusions High frequency ultrasound can be used as a conventional imaging examination method for post-traumatic knee injuries.

Objective To observe the changes of plasma neuropeptide Y(NPY) and neurotensin(NT) levels in patients with essential hypertension and the relationship between those changes and damage of cardiac function. Methods Eighty patients of essential hypertension and 28 normal controls were chosen. The cardiac function was divided into 3 classes on the standard of New York Heart Association(NYHA). The plasma NPY,NT concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. Results The level of NPY in hypertension patients was higher than that of the normal controls(P

Objective To explore the value of color Doppler ultrasound detection renal interlobar arterial hemodynamic parameters for early diagnosis in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).MethodsSeventy-eight patients with CKD were undergone interlobar arterial hemodynamic parameters detection and 65 normal persons served as the control.The peak systolic velocity (PSV),end-diastolic velocity (EDV),pulsatility index(PI),resistive index (RI) of interlobar arterial and serum cystatin C (SCysC) were measured.The variation of RI and the correlation of renal interlobar arterial RI and pathological findings in early CKD was analyzed.Results In 40 CKD cases with normal SCysC(group A),the PSV,EDV,PI,RI of renal interlobar arterial were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).In 38 CKD cases with increased SCysC(group B),the RI of renal interlobar arterial were higher than those of group A and control group (P＜0.05),and the PSV and EDV were lower than those of group A and control group (P＜0.05).In cases of CKD with normal RI,the disease limited to the glomeruli;while the RI increased,the disease locate in the tubulointerstitial compartment.Conclusions Interlobar arterial RI united SCysC is a sensitive indicator in assessing early injury of chronic kidney disease.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer, and its micrometastases are commonly seen in clinical practice. Although great progress has been made in immunotherapy for malignancies in recent years, immune checkpoint blockade focusing on programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has changed the clinical diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, urothelial carcinoma, and renal carcinoma. However, the clinical effect of immunotherapy in PDAC is limited by the low immunogenicity and unique tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC. With the research advances in PDAC-TME, an in-depth analysis of the highly complex interaction network between immune system, tumor cell, and matrix signal may help to develop a rational combination of immunotherapies for PDAC. By elaborating on the unique immunological features of PDAC-TME, this article reviews the potential treatment opportunities for PDAC and the advances in clinical research.

Objective:To observe the effect of Xueniaoan tablets on the expression of complement regulatory protein CR1 in IgA nephropathy rats. Methods:Totally 36 SD rats were randomized into the normal group,the model group and Xueniaoan group after 4-day adaptive feeding. Complex method was used to establish IgA nephropathy model,and Xueniaoan group was given Xueniaoan at the dose of 7.0 g·kg-1during the 10thweek and the 12thweek,while the normal group and the model group were fed with normal saline, and the administration course was 3 weeks. The 24-h urine protein was detected,CR1 in red blood cells was detected by ELISA,the renal pathological changes were observed under a light microscope after HE staining,and the expression of CR1 was detected by immu-nohistochemistry. Results:Compared with that in the model group,the 24-h proteinuria in Xueniaoan group was significantly reduced, the number of red blood cell CR1 increased significantly (P<0.05), CR1 in renal tissue increased and the renal tissue injury was light. Conclusion:Xueniaoan tablets can delay the renal damages in IgA nephropathy rats through promoting the expression of CR1.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in patients with retreated advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSNSCLC) and analyze its prognostic factors. Methods:Forty-one patients with previously treated advanced NSNSCLC in Beijing Chest Hospital from February 2013 to June 2017 were recruited. Clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. There were 38 cases of adenocarcinoma and 3 cases of other pathological types. Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy served as second-line treatment for 19 patients, and it served as beyond second-line therapy for 22 pa-tients. Eighteen patients harbored epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations, while the other 23 patients harbored wild-type EGFR gene. The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy were evaluated. To evaluate the prognos-tic factors, single and multiple factor analyses were conducted. Results:All patients received bevacizumab combined with chemothera-py and could be evaluated for response. The mean number of cycles of chemotherapy and chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab were 3.1 and 5.0, respectively. The objective response rate (ORR) of all recruited patients was 12.2％. The disease control rate (DCR) was 82.9％. Regarding the effect of second-line and beyond second-line therapy in patients, data were similar. The ORRs were 10.5％and 13.6％, respectively (P=0.572), and DCRs were 89.5％and 77.3％, respectively, without significantly statistical difference (P=0.271). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 4.6 months [95％confidence interval (CI) 3.619-5.581] and 11.9 months (95％CI 9.797-14.003), respectively. In the single factor analysis, patients with EGFR mutations, those who received>4 cy-cles of bevacizumab administration, and women had longer OS (χ2=19.673, P=0.000;χ2=6.820, P=0.009;andχ2=6.374, P=0.012;respec-tively). The Cox regression analysis showed that EGFR mutation status and number of cycles of bevacizumab administration were inde-pendent prognostic factors [hazard ratio (HR)=0.129, P=0.001 and HR=0.336, P=0.012;respectively]. The common adverse reactions in-clude bone marrow suppression, bleeding, hypertension, and proteinuria. Most of them were grade 1-2. Conclusions:Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy provides good efficacy and controllable safety in patients with retreated advanced NSNSCLC. Patients with EGFR mutations and>4 cycles of bevacizumab administration have superior prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different treatment options for cholecysto-choledocholithiasis (CCL),and try to find the ideal treatment.Methods From January 2006 to January 2016,a total of 3 107 patients with CCL from the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University were enrolled.Among them,1 283 patients were in open cholecystectomy (OC) and open common bile duct exploration (OCBDE) group,964 patients were in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) group,and 860 patients were in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) + LC group.The clinical data of the three groups were analysed.One-way analysis of variance and chi-square test were performed for statistical analysis.Results From 2006 to 2010,the percentage of patients treated with OC + OCBDE,LC + LCBDE,and ERCP + LC were 56.05％ (829/1 479),25.15％ (372/1 479) and 18.80％ (278/1 479),respectively;from 2011 to 2016,the percentage of patients received the above three treatments were 27.89％ (454/1 628),36.36％ (592/1 628) and 35.75％ (582/1 628),respectively.The difference in the proportion of the same treatment at different times was statistically significant (x2 =4.775,4.168 and 0.669,all P ＜ 0.05).The success rate of surgery in the OC + OCBDE group was 100.00％ (1 370/1 370);while the success rate of surgery in the LC + LCBDE group was 94.26％ (920/976),and 56 patients converted to OC + OCBDE;the success rate of surgery in the ERCP + LC group was 95.00％ (817/860),and 31 patients converted to OC + OCBDE,and 12 patients to LC + LCBDE.The intraoperative complication in OC + OCBDE,LC + LCBDE and ERCP + LC were 2.85％ (39/1 370),3.48％ (32/920) and 1.22％ (10/817),respectively.The incidence rates of postoperative complication were 4.89％ (67/1 370),5.34％ (50/920) and 5.51％ (45/817),respectively.The incidence rates of intraoperative complication of the ERCP + LC group was lower than that of OC + OCBDE group and LC + LCBDE group,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =6.203 and 3.001;both P ＜ 0.05).However there was no significant difference in incidence rate of postoperative complications among the three groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The hospital stay of the OC + OCBDE group,the LC + LCBDE group and the ERCP + LC group were (6.7 ± 1.3) days,(5.6 ± 1.2) days and (10.9 ± 1.6) days,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (F =90.010,P ＜ 0.01).The hospitalization expenses of OC + OCBDE group,LC + LCBDE group and ERCP+LC group were (13 720±1 910) yuan,(18 150±1 490) yuan and (25 830 ± 2 430) yuan,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (F =302.991,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The first choice of patients with CCL is endoscopic minimally invasive treatment and open surgery can be used as a remedial method for endoscopic treatment.