BACKGROUND: Excessive nitric oxide (NO) release can cause the occurrence and development of brain injury and senile dementia due to the apoptosis induction role of NO at high concentration to nerve cells. Therefore one strategy to prevent and treat senile dementia is inhibiting the apoptosis induced by NO.OBJECTIVE: To observe whether acidic peptide will inhibit the neuron apoptosis caused by NO. DESIGN: An cell and molecule observation experiment by comparisons. SETTING: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Basic Medical College in Zhengzhou University and the Second Laboratory of Biological Active Peptide Institute in Zhengzhou University. MATERTALS: The experiment was performed between May 2003 and May 2005, in the Second Laboratory of Biological Active Peptide Institute in Zhengzhou University and the cell culture room of Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Basic Medical College in Zhengzhou University. The newborn SD male rats within 24 hours after birth were provided by the Animal Center of Henan Province (410117).METHODS: On day 11 of primary cultures, hippocampus neurons of the newborn SD rats were pretreated with different dosages of acidic peptide for six hours. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) of 50 μmol/L final concentration was added to the cells which were incubated for another 24 hours. Cells were collected and adopted in this experiment of five different groups, namely normal control group, group treated with SNP, group of SNP plus 0.037 5 mg/mL acidic peptide, group of SNP plus 0.075 mg/mL acidic peptide, group of SNP plus 0.15 mg/mL acidic peptide. The cell's survival rate wasmeasure by methyl thiazolyl (MTT) method; The neurofilament protein was stained with the method of immunohisto chemistry. The shape of apoptosis was display with acridine orange fluorescent stain. Then DNA ladder zone of apoptosis cells was analyzed with the method of agarose gel electrophoresis. Western Blot and absorbance scan were used to determine the expression level of Bcl-2 protein and Bax protein.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Experimental result of cell survival rate with MTT method;②Observation results of nuclear type of apoptosis; ③DNA electrophoresis analysis of apoptosis; ④Western Blot analysis results of Bcl-2 protein and Bax protein.RESULTS: ①Neuron survival rate was 58.9％ for group treated with SNP, 70.0％ for group of SNP plus 0.037 mg/mL acidic peptide, 72.8％ for group of SNP plus 0.075 mg/mL acidic peptide, and 75.3％ for group of SNP plus 0.15 mg/mL acidic peptide. ②Observation results of nuclear type of apoptosis: Significant characteristics of apoptosis were seen in group treated with SNP. The nucleus of hippocampus neuron treated with different concentrations of acidic peptide plus SNP was similar to that of normal control group in morphology. ③The results of DNA electrophoresis analysis of apoptosis: Only the neuron DNA of group treated with SNP showed clear characteristic DNA ladder zone of apoptosis on agarose gel electrophoresis. ④Analysis results of Bcl-2 protein and Bax protein with Western Blot and absorbance scan: The expression level of Bcl-2 protein in SNP treated group was decreased while that of Bcl-2 protein was increased. Bcl2 protein levels in acidic peptide plus SNP group were increased and Bax protein levels were decreased gradually with the increasing concentrations of acidic peptide compared with SNP treated group. CONCLUSION: Acidic peptide can inhibit neuron apoptosis, increase expression level of neuron Bcl-2 protein and decrease expression level of neuron Bax protein.

Objective To observe the association between therapeutic effect of speech disorder and the age on treatment of children with cerebral palsy,and to explore the best treatment period of speech disorder children with cerebral palsy.Methods One hundred and twenty-one cases of speech disorder children with cerebral palsy aged 1 to 6 years in Maternal and Child Health Center of Hebei Province,Hebei Children's Hospital,were selected as subjects,and the patients were randomly divided into training group,which included 64 cases who received scalp acupuncture combined with language and 57 cases treated with speech training group.After 6 courses of treatment,the therapeutic effect for speech disorder of children between 1 to 3 years old and ＞ 3 to 6 years old were compared,the association between children's age for treatment and treatment effects was explored.Results The total treatment efficiency of 1 to 3 years and ＞ 3 to 6 years old children in scalp acupuncture group combined with language training group were 95.45％ and 83.33％ respectively,the difference was significant (x2 =6.859 8,P ＜ 0.05) ; while in 1 to 3 years and ＞ 3 to 6 year-old children in speech training group the total treatment efficiency were 84.62％ and 77.42％,and the difference was significant(x2 =6.625 7,P ＜ 0.05).In both groups,total efficiency of 1 to 3 years and ＞ 3 to 6 years old children were 89.58％ and 80.82％,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =9.617 5,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The best treatment period of speech disorder children with cerebral palsy is less than 3 years old,as age grows,the effect is gradually decreasing.

To meet the need of cultivating high-quality medical talents for the 21 century,enlighten the thoughts and strengthen the practice and operation ability of medical students,we have probed and reformed our teaching methods in human parasitology for basic medicine students directing at the weak points in our traditional teaching.Moreover,we have conducted the survey among the students for three years on end so as to provide a consultation for improving our teaching methods and quality.

Purpose To explore the diagnostic value of multiple image technique derived from dual-energy CT in arterial+parenchymal phase scan mode in detecting pancreatic adenocarcinoma so as to provide more valuable information for clinical treatment.Materials and Methods Thirty two patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma proved pathologically underwent dual-phase scan with dual-source CT.Linear blend image,non-linear blend image and iodine map were acquired.The absolute enhancement value of tumor (AEV),the relative enhancement value of tumor (REV),enhancement ratio (ER) of tumor to pancreatic parenchyma,and the image contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were also calculated,so that the diagnostic value and the ability image in two phases to display the pancreatic adenocarcinoma lesions could be assessed.Results On arterial phase,the differences in AEV,REV and CNR value were significant among the three groups images (P＜0.05).On parenchymal phase,the difference in REV,ER,and CNR value were also significant among the three groups (P＜0.05).When the three sequences on the 2 phases were compared with each other,the differences in AEV and REV value of tumor tissues were significant among the groups (P＜0.05).Moreover,the differences of ER value in linear blend image and CNR in the iodine map were significant in dual phase enhancement (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dualenergy CT enhanced scan mode on dual phase combined with multiple sequences can improve the sensitivity in detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma lesions.

Objective To compare the upper airway changes after H-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (H-UPPP) combined with transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty (PA) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods Eighty-six patients with OSAHS were selected,39 patients were treated with H-UPPP alone (control group),and 47 patients were treated with H-UPPP combined with PA (observation group).The upper airway changes were measured by CT and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) change in the 2 groups were compared before and after operation.Results The surgery effective rate in observation group was 80.9％ (38/47),in control group was 56.4％ (22/39),there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).The AHI depressed value before and after operation in observation group and control group were (40.5 ± 14.6) times/h and (16.7 ± 12.0) times/h respectively,the hard palate length depressed value were (5.5 ± 3.2) mm and (1.6 ± 0.2) mm respectively,the anteroposterior diameter incremental value of hard palate were (3.6 ± 2.3) mm and (-1.6 ± 3.4) mm respectively,the anteroposterior diameter incremental value of palate and pharynx were (1.6 ± 1.2) mm and (-1.2 ± 1.8) mm respectively,the above indexes in observation group were significantly better than those in control group,there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The minimum diameter incremental value of retropalatal airway in control group was (13.2 ± 3.1) mm,in observation group was (4.9 ± 1.6) mm,there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion H-UPPP combined with PA offers benefit over H-UPPP alone in patients with OSAHS,which may be achieved by increasing anteroposterior diameter of palate and pharynx.

Objective To investigate the changes of sex hormones after lamivudine antiviral treatment in male hepa-titis B patients with compensated cirrhosis, and the significance of changes thereof. Methods Forty-six male patients with compensated cirrhosis were included in patient group. The patient group was given lamivudine antiviral treatment for 24 weeks. The sex hormone levels were compared between before and after treatment. Patients were divided into two groups (complete response group and incomplete response group) according to their response to the treatment. The sex hormone lev-els were compared between these two groups. Results (1)The level of PRL was significantly decreased, and the levels of T and E2 were significantly increased after lamivudine antiviral treatment in patient group.(2)There were significant differenc-es in levels of PRL, T and E2 between complete response group and incomplete response group. Conclusion (1)The lami-vudine antiviral treatment can improve the dysfunction of sex hormones.(2)There was a relationship between the changes of sex hormones and the responses of antiviral treatment.

BACKGROUND: Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) are very important to the survival and proliferation of nerve cells. In the patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), the levels of NGF and BDNF are low.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether acidic peptide can stimulate rat astrocytes to secrete NGF and BDNF.DESIGN: A randomized control animal experiment.MATERLALS: The experiment was finished in the First Laboratory of Institute of Biopeptide, Zhengzhou University; Cellular Culture Center,School of Basic Medical Sciences of Zhe ngzhou University from September 2003 to May 2005. Fifteen neonatal SD rats within 2 days after birth were selected.METHODS: ① The cerebral cortex of the neonatal SD rats was removed under sterile condition, the astrocytes were isolated and cultured, and then identified with the glial fibriliary acidic protein immunohistochemical staining. ② The cultured astrocytes were randomly divided into six group:blank control group, serum control group, positive control group and acidic peptide treated groups. No treatment was given in the blank control group,serum of 0.2 in volume fraction and 1 000 U/mL interferon were added in the serum control group and positive control.group, 37.5, 75 and 150 mg/L acidic peptides were added in the acidic peptide treated groups respectively. ③ The astrocytes of the 2nd generation, which covered the whole bottom of bottle, were digested to single cell suspension, and then inoculated to three 12-well plates equally at 5×105 /mL. The survival rate and the contents of NGF and BDNF in the supernatant of each group were determined at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Cell numbers and survival rates at different culture time-points; ② Effect of acidic peptide on the proliferation of astrocytes in rats; ③ Changes of NGF and BDNF in the supernatant of astrocytes at different culture time-points.RESULTS: ① As compared with the blank control group, the cell numbers and survival rates at 24, 48 and 72 hours were obviously increased in the acidic peptide groups treated with 75 and 150 mg/L (P＜0.05, 0.01,0.001), but not obviously increased in the acidic peptide group treated with 37.5 mg/L. ② As compared with the blank control group, the rates of proliferation in the acidic peptide groups treated with 37.5, 75 and 150 mg/L were all significantly increased (17.5%, 45.5%, 72.5%, P＜0.001). ③ As compared with the blank control group, the absorbance (A) values of NGF in the supernatant at 24, 48 and 72 hours were all markedly increased in the acidic peptide groups treated with 37.5, 75 and 150 mg/L (P＜0.001),and the A values of BDGF in the supernatant at 48 and 72 hours were significantly increased (P＜0.05, 0.01).CONCLUSION: Acidic peptide can increase the secretions of NGF and BDNF of rat astrocytes to different extent.

OBJECTIVETo describe and evaluate a double-antigen sandwich ELISA for detecting human immunodeficiency virus type 1/2 (HIV-1/2) specific antibodies.

METHODSThe peptides gp41.1(sp1), gp41.2(sp2), gp120(sp3) and p24(sp4) of HIV-1 and gp36(sp5) of HIV-2 were artificially synthesized. Then sp1, sp3, sp4 and sp5 were used as coating antigens; sp1, sp2, sp4 and sp5 labeled with HRP were used as conjugates in this sandwich ELISA.

RESULTSThe specificity and sensitivity of the assay were both 100% in detecting anti-HIV of 40 control sera of the second generation panel, higher than indirect ELISA (specificity 90% and sensitivity, 65%, respectively). All of 210 sera from individuals with other diseases were negative for anti-HIV. The consistency rate was 100% when our sandwich ELISA and Abbott HIVAB were used to detect anti-HIV in 90 healthy blood donors and 88 HIV infected individuals.

CONCLUSIONSThe results showed that this sandwich ELISA for detection of anti-HIV is specific, sensitive and convenient, and it is suitable for screening blood donors and detecting HIV infection.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; HIV Antibodies ; blood ; HIV Infections ; blood ; virology ; HIV-1 ; immunology ; HIV-2 ; immunology ; Humans

Objective:To investigate the influence of Jinshuibao tablet on immune function, therapeutic efficacy and safety in treatment of advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma patients treated by chemotherapy.Methods:The clinical data of 124 patients with stage Ⅳ lung squamous cell carcinoma who were admitted to Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, including 60 patients treated by Jinshuibao tablet combined with chemotherapy (the observation group) and 64 patients treated by chemotherapy alone (the control group). The changes of immune function, therapeutic effect, and side effects were compared between the two groups.Results:The percentage of CD4 + cells after treatment [(33.4±8.9)% vs. (45.5±11.8)%, t = 2.71, P < 0.05] and CD4 +/CD8 + (0.9±0.3 vs. 1.5±0.4, t = 3.31, P < 0.05) in the observation group was increased compared with that before treatment, CD8 + cells was decreased compared with that before treatment [(30.9±8.6)% vs. (21.1±8.1)%, t = 2.42, P < 0.05], interferon-γ (IFN-γ) [(7.7±2.8)% vs. (14.1±2.4)%, t = 2.74, P < 0.05] and interleukin-2 (IL-2) [(8.8±3.2)% vs. (12.7±1.6)%, t = 2.96, P < 0.05] was increased compared with that before treatment. The percentage of CD3 + cells [(57.9±8.2)% vs. (45.2±10.8)%, t = 2.70, P < 0.05], CD4 + cells [(32.9±9.0)% vs. (22.8±9.6)%, t = 3.19, P < 0.05], NK cells [(14.9±3.1)% vs. (9.3±1.4)%, t = 2.97, P < 0.05] in the control group was decreased compared with that before treatment. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was decreased compared with that before treatment [(6.8±1.4)% vs. (4.3±0.5)%, t = 3.23, P < 0.05]. There was a statistically significant difference in the level of T-cell subsets of both groups after treatment (all P <0.05); and the level of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 +, NK cells in the observation group was higher than that in the control group; CD8 + cell in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. There was no statistical difference in the level of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α of both groups before treatment (all P > 0.05); the level of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α in the observation group was higher than that in the control group after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant of both groups (all P < 0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant [31.3% (20/64) vs. 48.3% (29/60), χ 2 = 4.538, P = 0.033]; and the disease control rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control [56.3% (36/64) vs. 71.7% (43/60), χ 2 = 5.276, P = 0.022]. There was no significant difference between the two groups in adverse reactions of chemotherapy (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:Jinshuibao tablet combined with chemotherapy can improve the immune function and the efficacy of chemotherapy for patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the optimal HbA1Cthreshold to be used for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in Chongming rural area,and further to evaluate the optimal HbA1Ccutoff values in different age stratifications and body mass index classifications.Methods Data from 9,981 individuals aged greater than 40 years who participated in a population-based cross-sectional survey in Shanghai,China,were analyzed.A 2 h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)value was used to diagnose diabetes.The performance of HbA1Cwas evaluated against the results of the OGTTs by using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results At the optimal HbA1C cutoff point of 6.15%for newly diagnosed diabetes, sensitivity was 69.73%, and specificity was 89.71%.The optimal HbA1Ccutoff points for diabetes were 6.05%in subject with age less than 60 years(sensitivity was 72.88%, and specificity was 90.25%),and 6.25%in subjects with age≥60 years(sensitivity was 70.89%,and specificity was 92.34%).The optimal HbA1Ccutoff points for diabetes were 6.05% in normal-weight(with sensitivity 70.94%,and specificity 89.93%),6.25%in overweight(with sensitivity 70.21%,and specificity 90.32%), and 6.35% in obese population(with sensitivity 72.33%, and specificity 92.75%).Conclusion An HbA1C threshold of 6.15%was highly specific for detecting undiagnosed diabetes.The HbA1Cdiagnosis cutoff point can be affected by age and overweight/obesity status.