Objective To investigate the effects of two infusion fittings on obstruction of double-lumen PICCs. Methods About 100 patients with double-lumen PICCs treated in the department of oncology in our hospital from 2013 to 2015 were randomized according to simple data table into observation group and control group, with 50 cases in each group:in the observation group Kolafu needleless infusion connector (MC100) was used and in the control group high voltage double-lumen PICCs were connected to the end of the diaphragm closed transfusion needleless joint (Q-syte). The incidence rate of catheter obstruction between the two groups were compared. Result The incidence of obstruction in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion Kolafu needleless infusion connector (MC100) can reduce the obstruction rate of the connectors, worthy of promotion.

BACKGROUND: There are many drawbacks with hormone replacement therapy for menopausal syndrome. The blood levels of 5-HT and norepinephrine are lower. Fluoxetine hydrochlorde(ProzacR) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor which is widely used in treating anxiety and depression,OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of combined antidepressant and estrogen therapy compared to estrogen alone in the treatment of perimenopausal syndrome in this prospective open study.DESIGN: Randomized comparative study.SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University PARTICIPANTS: From November 2003 to December 2004, 60 female patients with diagnosed menopausal syndrome of 3-12 month duration, aged (46±3) years, from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled into the study after giving their informed consents. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups with Group 1 (n=30) receiving a combination of antidepressant + estrogen and Group 2 (n=30) receiving estrogen only.METHODS: Patients in Grgup 1 received fluoxetine hydrochloride (ProzacR) 20 mg orally every morning plus oral estradiol 1 mg once every two weeks for 2 months. Patients in Group 2 received only oral estradiol 1 mg once every two weeks for two months. Patients were not taking any other drug during the treatment period. At the end of two month treatment all patients were evaluated with the following 3 assessment tools: ①female menopausal symptom evaluation with the following 4 categories: Complete symptom relief, markedly improved, improved and no effect. Overall efficacy was defined as 50% symptom improvement. ② Hamilton Depression Scale which reflects energy level and psychosomatic factor of sleep and anxiety. ③Menopause index: Which are description of clinical evaluation and adverse effects; this would help to assess the safety of using both drugs in treating the menopausal syndrome.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: female menopausal symptom assessment, hamilton depression scale, and menopause index.RESULTS: ① In female menopausal symptom assessment group 1 showed better results in the complete relief and markedly improved scores. ②Hamilton Depression Scale group 1 also showed better scores than Group2(In Groupl, the scores at week 1 to 8 were 25,18,15,10,8,5,5,4 respectively ,in Group 2, the scores at week 1 to 8 were 25,17,15,14,13,12,13,13 respectively). ③ Group 3 showed a significant better score in the menopausal index with improvement in sleep disorder, anxiety and depression than Group 2 (In Group 1 the scores at week 1-8 were 32,22.5,15,15,14,15,15,14 respectively,In group 2, the scores at week 1 to 8were 33,21,16,14,13,12,13,13 respectively) ,there was no significant difference of incidence of adverse events as compared with Group 3 .CONCLUSION: Combined therapy of fluoxetire hydrochlarde(PROZAC)plus estrogen showed better efficacy in the treatment of menopausal syndrome than estrogen alone.

AIM: Recent studies have identified the importance of inflammation in the development and progression of heart failure.Chemokines are essential factors in the recruitment and activation of leukocytes.They are closely related with inflammation.So the relation between chemokines expression and lymphocytes recruitment and cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction(AMI) was studied.METHODS: Ligating left interventricular branch induced AMI.Experimental rats were divided into three groups: heart failure group(MI-HF),non-heart failure group(MI-NF) and sham group(sham).Sham group was made by the same procedure only without ligation.The blood dynamics of rats was examined after 3 days,1 week and 2 weeks following ligation.Rats,which had a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP) above 15 mmHg,were considered to be in heart failure.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to analyze the mRNA expression of chemokines,including monokine induced by IFN-?(MIG),macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha(MIP-1?) and regulated upon activation,normal T cell expressed and secreted(RANTES),in the infarcted region(circumjacent region included).The numbers of lymphocytes infiltrated in the infarcted region were also counted.RESULTS: MIP-1?,RANTES and MIG mRNA increased at 3 days and reached the peak at 1 week after AMI,significantly higher in MI-HF group than those in MI-NF group(RANTES,0.83?0.05 vs 0.51?0.19,P

Objective To further understand the diagnosis,clinical features and prognosis of myeloid neoplasms with erythroblast more than 50％ of bone marrow(BM) nucleated cells in the WHO Classification(2016) by analyzing the clinical data,diagnosis and prognosis of 3 patients with myeloid leukemia.Methods The ages,medical histories,symptoms and signs,and laboratory examinations from 3 patients with myeloid neoplasms whose erythroblast cells were more than 50％ of BM nucleated cells when newly diagnosed were collected.Then,they were diagnosed with the WHO Classification criteria(2008) and the WHO Classification criteria(2016),respectively,and their prognosis was evaluated with the revised International Prognostic Scoring System(IPSS-R).Results According to the WHO Classification criteria(2008),all of 3 patients were diagnosed as acute erythroid leukemia(AEL).However,according to the WHO Classification criteria(2016),2 patients were diagnosed as myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts-2(MDS-EB-2),and 1 was diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia(AML) with maturation.Moreover,their prognostic scores were also different.The former two patients were older men with significant dysplasia and complex genetic abnormalities,and had poor prognosis,while the latter was a middle-aged woman with no obvious dysplasia and genetic abnormalities,and had medium prognosis.Conclusion The WHO Classification(2016) is more reasonable than the WHO Classification(2008),which tends to focus more on the different biological characteristics of diseases,and may better distinguish two types of diseases with different clinical features and prognosis.

To study the effects of ouabain on the inner ear glial cells, and to lay the foundation for the study of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.Methods Sixty adult female SPF grade CBA / J mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 30 mice in each group.Animals in the experimental group received 3mM ouabain via the round window membrane, while mice in control group received normal saline.The mice were sacrificed at 7 days, 14 days and 30 days after the administration,respectively.Immunofluorescence histochemical staining was used to detect the inner ear glial cells in spiral ganglion.Results Some inner ear glial cells survived in the spiral ganglion of the experimental group, while with decreased numbers and disorganized structure compared to those of in the control group.Comparing to those of in the control group, the number and density of inner ear glial cells in the experimental group were significantly decreased from 7 days afterouabain administration,further decreased at 14 days and reduced to the lowest at 30 days after ouabain administration, the differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05).Among the experimental group, the number of inner ear glial cells at 30 days was significantly decreased when compared to those of at 7 days and 14 days, respectively.Conclusion Application of ouabain to mouse inner ear via the round window membrane leads to an acute and progressive direct damage to the inner ear glial cells in the spiral ganglion.

AIM: To explore the molecular mechanisms about fibrosis and transforming growth factor (TGF) - β1 as well as inflammation in rats heart after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: AMI model in rats was produced by left coronary artery ligation. Samples of rat cardiac tissue were collected at the end of 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Hemodynamics had been performed before rats were sacrificed. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) and immunohistochemical methods were used to analyze mRNA expression and protein production of TGF- β1, respectively. Hydroxyproline was determined by chloramines T method. HE staining was resorted to analyze pathological myocardium after AMI. RESULTS: There were remarkable differences in hemodynamics between AMI groups and sham group (P＜0.01). Compared with sham group, TGF-β1mRNA expression and protein production and hydroxyproline quantification were enhanced greatly. Among them, the levels of TGF -β1 and hydroxyproline at 1 week were higher than those at 4 weeks or 8 weeks. A positive correlation between TGF- β1 protein and hydroxyproline was presented (r=0.75 - 0.99, P＜0.05). In microscope, leucocytes infiltrated significantly in the infarcted and border myocardium at 1 week after AMI, and were rarely seen at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. TGF - β1 protein were detected in cytoplasm of cardiac myocyte and leucocytes at 1 week, and at 4 and 8 weeks in myofibroblast and interstitial. CONCLUSIONS:TGF- β1 is upregulated and found in cytoplasm of cardiac myocyte and leucocytes as well as myofibroblast in heart after AMI,which is associated with dynamic changes of hydroxyproline content and inflammation. TGF - β1 is showed to play an important role in myocardial inflammatory repair and ventricular remodeling after AMI.

AIM: The study explored the significance of the imbalance of Th1/Th2 function after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 33 AMI patients, 22 unstable angina (UA) patients and splenocytes from 35 AMI rats were collected. Cytokine-producing Th cells were monitored by 3-color flow cytometry after stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. IFN-? and IL-4 mRNA in the rat myocardium and chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 mRNA on the surface of rat T lymphocytes after AMI were measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Th1 associated cytokine IFN-? significantly increased in patients with AMI and UA within 24 hours after the onset of symptom. the high ratio of IFN-?-producing T cells lasted short in patients with UA and recovered 1 week after the onset. In AMI patients, the high ratio of IFN-?-producing T cells could be examined 1 week and even 1 month after the onset. There was no significant difference on the frequencies of IL-4-producing peripheral T cells between each group. 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month after AMI, IFN-? mRNA increased in the myocardium of rats, but there was no significant change on cytokine-producing Th cells and chemokine receptors on the surface of rat T lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The Th1/Th2 functional imbalance and up-regulation of Th1 cell-functions exist after AMI and perhaps participate in the onset of AMI. Th1/Th2 functional imbalance may participate in the immune-mediated myocardial injury and ventricular remodeling after AMI as one of the pathogenesises of autoimmune disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of miRNA -1 00 on the proliferation of human leukemia cells HL -60,and to explore the mechanism of this action.Methods The bioinformatics software and database were applied to predict and analyze target genes of miRNA -1 00.The vector contained the target gene 3′UTR portion cloned into a luciferase reporter construct.A luciferase reporter assay was performed following co -transfection of small molecular miRNA -1 00 mimics and target gene wild -type or mutant plasmid into HEK -293T cells.HL -60 cells were trans-fected with miRNA -1 00 mimics or anti -miRNA -1 00.After transfection,Western blot was applied to validate the expression of carboxy -terminal domain small phosphatase -like protein (CTDSPL),and the viability of HL -60 was measured by using cell counting kit (CCK -8)assay at 24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h.Results Online software predicted that CTDSPL was likely to be the target gene of miRNA -1 00.Dual luciferase reporter gene assay system showed that miRNA -1 00 could significantly suppress the activity of reporter gene containing CTDSPL 3′-UTR which decreased by about 57.1 %(P =0.000 7).Western blot showed that the expression of CTDSPL was increased after being trans-fected with miRNA -1 00 antisense oligonucleotides and decreased after being transfected with miRNA -1 00 mimics.At the same time,the growth rate of cells treated with miRNA -1 00 mimics or CTDSPL miRNA -1 00 was increased com-pared with that in control by CCK -8 test (P <0.05 ).Conclusions CTDSPL is a downstream target gene of miRNA -1 00.miRNA -1 00 can promote leukemia cell proliferation by inhibiting the expression of CTDSPL.

AIM: To clarify the relationship between the cytokine and collagen in myocardial remodeling after acute myocardial infarction(MI) in rats.METHODS: In MI group,Wistar rats were undergone acute myocardial infarction by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery.Sham operation was made in rats as control.The mRNA expression of collagen and cytokines such as TNF-? and TGF-?_1 in infract and non-infarct region of left myocardium were detected by RT-PCR at different time point(3 d,1 and 4 weeks).RESULTS: Collagen type Ⅰ and Ⅲ elevated as well as the TNF-? and TGF-?_1 in the MI group at 3th day.Expression of collagen type Ⅰ and Ⅲ were higher in the infarct region than that in the non-infarct region even at 4 weeks.TNF-? and TGF-?_1 peaked at 1 week and declined gradually to the baseline,which was still higher than those in control group(P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate(MEHP) on proliferation of primary neural stem cells(NSCs)of rats and NE-4C cells of mice and on the migration of NE-4C cells and the mechanism. METHODS NE-4C or NSCs were treated with MEHP 1,10,100 and 1000 μmol · L-1 for 72 h,respectively. The cytotoxicity was estimated with the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Cell proliferation was analyzed by EdU assay. The mRNA expression levels of the glucocorticoid receptor(GR),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3)and sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2(Sox2) were detected by qRT-PCR. The protein expression levels of total GR,GRβ, Sox2,Stat3 and p-Stat3 were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS Cell viability of NE-4C cells and NSCs at MEHP 1000μmol·L-1 was significantly decreased,which was 70.3%and 40.0%of the control group, respectively. EdU assay showed that MEHP 100 μmol · L-1 decreased NE-4C cells and NSCs by 74.8%and 12.0%(P<0.05)compared with control. The effect of MEHP on the cell migration of NE-4C was evidenced by the fact that the migration was obviously reduced to (63.4±2.0)%(P<0.05)after treatment with MEHP 100μmol · L-1 for 72 h. The mRNA expression levels associated with proliferation and migration in NE-4C of GR,Stat3 and Sox2 in MEHP 100 μmol · L-1 group were down-regulated to 49.8%,26.0% and 14.0%of control(P<0.05). At MEHP 100μmol · L-1,mRNA of GR, Stat3 and Sox2 in NSCs declined to 10.0%,14.0% and 15.3% of normal control. Western blotting results revealed that protein expressions of GR,GRβ,Sox2 and p-Stat3 were remarkably inhibited by MEHP 100 μmol · L-1 in that the relative expression of NE-4C was 0.92 ± 0.17,0.87 ± 0.35,0.81 ± 0.22 and 0.62 ± 0.24(P<0.05). The corresponding protein expression in NSCs was 0.82 ± 0.20,0.56 ± 0.12,0.84 ± 0.36 and 0.53 ± 0.20(P<0.05)when the cells were treated with MEHP 100μmol · L-1 for 72 h. CONCLUSION MEHP can inhibit the proliferation and migration of NE-4C cells and NSCs possibly by decreasing Stat3 and Sox2 that are mediated by GRβ.