We carried out a new unit-based method in the teaching process of epidemiology for improving undergraduate prevention-oriented medical students' comprehensive ability. The new method integrated heuristic teaching and case teaching, and focused reform on the system of teaching and assessment. The results showed new teaching method can significantly improve students' capacity of analysis and oral expression, and contributes to the comprehensive ability.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,pentoxifyIline has been found to have a wide range of anti-fibrosis capacity However,there are few studies explore the suppress effect of pentoxifyIline on fibroblasts in human keloid.and the maximum inhibitory concentration remains poorly understood.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of pentoxifyIline on proliferation activity of human keloid fibroblasts and to select the maximum inhibitory concentrationMETHODS:Human keloid fibroblasts were used as original cells,passaged till the 5~(th) to the 8~(th) generations.and then divided into the experimental and control groups.PentoxifyIline with concentrations of 0.1,0.25,0.5,1.0,2.0 and 3.0 g/L were added to the experimental group.The effects of different concentrations of pentoxifylline on proliferation of keloid fibroblasts were detected by MTT chromometry.RESULT AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,the inhibitory effect of pentoxifylline on the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts was more evident in the experimental group(P＜0.05)The inhibition rates of pentoxifylline on proliferation of keloid fibroblasts showed apparently time-and dose-effect relationships within the concentration of 0.1-2.0 g/L.which presented a greatest level at 96 hours after culture.The maximum inhibitory rate was 53 37%,and the concentration was 2.0 g/L in the experimental group.Consequently,pentoxifyIline plays a notable inhibitory role in the proliferation of human keloid fibroblasts with concentration of 2.0 g/L at 96 hours after culture.

Aim To investigate the expression of phosphorylated JNK1/JNK2 and the protection of 11,12-EET in ischemic and reperfusion rat heart.Method The expression of JNK1/JNK2 was detected with western blot method and the changing of heart function during ischemia/reperfusion process was observed in different groups. Results The cardiac function (+dp/dt_(max)%,-dp/dt_(max)% and LVDP)of reperfusion periods(30 min) apparently decreased in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group contrasted with Sham group, short ischemia(SI)+I/R group and EET+I/R group,and the expression of phosphorylated JNK1/JNK2 increased in I/R group contrasted with nromal group,Sham group and EET+I/R group.Conclusion The myocardial protection of 11,12-EET ( 6.24?10~(-8) mol?L~(-1)) is able to inhibit the expression of phosphorylated JNK1/JNK2.

Objective To investigate the values of CD21 and CD43 proteins in the differential diagnosis of mucosa-associated marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MALToma) from benign lymphadenosis. Methods The expression of CD21 and CD43 proteins in the tissues of 25 MALToma (case group) and 25 benign lymphadenosis (control group) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Abnormal CD21+follicular dendritic cells (FDC) meshes were found in all patients of case group. Most of the FDC meshes were sparse and broken, and a few were enlarged or fused into pieces. Intact CD21+FDC meshes were all found, and abnormal FDC meshes were not found in control group. The positive rate of abnormal FDC meshes in case group was significantly increased compared with that in control group (χ2 = 46.080, P= 0.000). The expression rate of CD43+in CD20+cells was 24 % (6/25) in case group, but it was negative in control group (χ2=4.375, P=0.030). Conclusions Abnormal CD21+FDC meshes and CD43+expression in CD20+cells are useful in the differential diagnosis between MALToma and benign lymphadenosis. The abnormal FDC meshes of MALToma are enlarged or fused in the minority of cases.

objective To observe the influence of hemodynamic changes caused by extracranial carotid stenosis on the plaque stability, and analyze the relationship of cerebral infarction classification,criminal artery stenosis degree and plaque stability to offer evidence for evalu-ating nosogenesis,clinical diagnosis,treatment and prevention of cerebral infarction. Methods CDFI,CTA were performed in 168 patients with acute cerebral infarction,some moderate and severe and occlusive carotid artery which were demonstrated by CTA and CDFI were further checked by DSA during convalescence. Totally 168 acute cerebral infarction patients were divided into 5 groups based on the criminal artery stenosis degree. To evaluate the plaque stability and flow field changes with CDFI and CTA,OCSP clinical classification and brain image clas-sification were finished according to CTA. Patients were classified into 4 subtypes,namely cortical infarction,basal ganglion infarction,corona radiata infarction and posterior infarction,according to the lesion distributions. Observe the changes of flow field and stability of plaque,and compare the relationship between different degree of stenosis and the classification of lesion of infarction. Results Among the 168 criminal arteries,there was 17. 9% of normal,22. 6% of mild stenosis,30. 9% of moderate stenosis,14. 8% of severe stenosis,and 14. 3% of occlu-sion,and the moderate stenosis proportion was the highest. When the stenosis degree was over 50%,it may lead to the changes of flow field, speeding up of blood flow,forming of turbulent flow,and increasing of plaque instability in which lipid plaque and admixture plaque was the highest. PACI is the commonest in all moderate groups. Admixture plaque is usually seen in severe stenosis and occlusion, while fibrous plaque is usually seen in mild stenosis. Conclusion Moderate carotid stenosis may lead to the increase of plaque instability as a result of the changes of flow field,and it may prone to artery-artery embolization.

Objective To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline on the cell proliferation of, collagen synthesis and TGF-β1 expression by human fibroblasts derived from keloid. Methods Skin samples were obtained from the lesions of 3 patients with keloid and normal skin of 3 human controls followed by primary culture of fibroblasts. Fibroblasts of 5th to 8th generation were cultured with pentoxifylline of 0.1 to 3 g/L for various durations. Then, MTT assay was performed to detect the cell proliferation of fibroblasts, double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the expression of TGF-β1, and reversetranscription PCR to examine the mRNA expressions of procollagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ in these fibroblasts. Results The pentoxifylline of 0.1 to 2 g/L markedly inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts derived from keloid lesions and normal skin, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with the strongest effect observed in fibroblasts treated with pentoxifylline of 2 g/L. A significant reduction was induced in the TGF-β1 mRNA expression in keloidand normal skin-derived fibroblasts by pentoxifylline of 0.5 to 2 g/L (all P < 0.01), and in the mRNA expression of procollagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ by pentoxifylline of 1 and 2 g/L (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Concretely, the relative mRNA expression level of procollagen Ⅰ and Ⅲwas 0.873 ± 0.077, 0.571 ± 0.050 respectively in keloid fibroblasts respectively, and 0.473 ± 0.035, 0.370 ± 0.045 in the control fibroblasts, after treated with pentoxifylline of 1 g/L, 0.750 ± 0.036 and 0.433 ± 0.045 respectively in keloid-derived fibroblasts, 0.390 ± 0.030 and 0.250 ±0.123 respectively in the control fibroblasts, after treated with pentoxifylline of 2 g/L, significantly lower than that in the keloid-derived (1.216 ± 0.061 and 0.953 ± 0.060) and control (0.836 ± 0.080 and 0.776 ± 0.041) fibroblasts without treatment. Conclusion Pentoxifylline shows an evident suppressive effect on the cell proliferation of, as well as the expression of TGF-β1 and procollagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ in fibroblasts derived from keloid lesions and normal skin.

Objective: To investigate the antiatherosclerotic effect of the extract from grape seed in C57BL/6J mice. Method: The mice were fed with atherosclerotic diet for 20 w and then with basic diet or different dosage of grape seed extract for 4 w. The blood samples were examined for blood lipid. The sections of aorta were examined and scored microscopically. Results: After fed with atherogenic diet for 20 w, the aortic score was 7.2?1.3 and TG, Chol and MDA in serum were significantly increased. After fed with the extract of grape seed for 4 w, the aortic score was reduced to 6.0?1.2, and TG, TC, and MDA levels also decreased. Conclusion: The extract of grape seed has antiatherosclerotic effect.

Objective To observe the treatment effect of acupoint massage and auricular point sticking of cowherb seeds on blood pressure of hypertensive patients.Methods 100 cases of hypertensive patients were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,50 cases in each.The observation group was given routine application of antihyportensive drags combined with acupoint massage and auricular point sticking of cowherb seeds.The control group received routine drug therapy.The blood pressure changes were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of both groups were lower after treatment compared with those before treatment.The total effective rate of blood pressure control was 98％ in the observation group,88％ in the control group,which showed no significant difference.Symptom control results showed that the total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group.Conclusions Acupoint massage and auricular point sticking of cowherb seeds in hypertensive patients can be an auxiliary pressure relief means,it can not only effectively lower blood pressure,but show good effect in alleviation of headache,vertigo,irritability.

Objective To analyze the PCR and molecular characters of the first serogroup W135 meningo-coccal death case in Shanxi province on April,2013.Methods Epidemiological survey of suspected epidemic cere-brospinal meningitis case was conducted,blood serum and petechia tissue fluid samples were identified by PCR for crgA gene and siaD gene of W 135.Multilocus sequence typing(MLST)was performed for determining the sequence types(STs).Results The patient in the case died of serogroup W135 Neisseria meningitides,which belonged to ST-11.Conclusion This is the first case died of serogroup W135 Neisseria meningitidis in Shanxi province,which prompts that the surveillance of meningococcal pathogeny should be strengthened.

Objective To evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the growth of an established A431 xenogratt tumor in nude mice.Methods The model of human skin squamous cell carcinoma was established by inoculating A431 cells in log-phase growth into the left axillary fossa of Balb/c (nu/nu) nude mice.After 7-8 days,60 mice bearing human A431 skin squamous cell carcinoma xenografts were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups:blank control group receiving no treatment,negative control group treated with intraperitoneal sodium chloride physiological solution,positive control group treated with intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide,high-,medium-and low-dose resveratrol groups treated with intraperitoneal resveratrol of 40,20 and 10 μg per gram body weight per day,respectively.Tumor size was measured at a 4-day interval during the treatment course.After 14-day treatment,the mice were sacrificed.Xenograft tumors were removed from these mice and subjected to weight measurement,pathological examination by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and apoptosis detection by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).Western blot was conducted to quantify the protein expression of apoptosis-related factors,including phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK),p53 and caspase 3.Data were processed by SPSS 13.0 software,and statistical analysis was carried out by analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis.Results By the end of treatment,the xenograft tumor volume was (1153.56 ± 255.41) mm3,(1001.69 ± 115.08) mm3,(1206.80 ± 175.88) mm3,(1342.28 ± 211.12) mm3,(1642.34 ± 225.85) mm3 and (1564.32 ± 156.49) mm3,and the weight was (1.84 ±0.30) g,(1.72 ± 0.39) g,(1.96 ± 0.40) g,(2.67 ± 0.73) g,(3.16 ± 0.52) g,and (3.33 ± 0.59) g,respectively in the positive control group,high-,medium-and low-dose resveratrol group,negative control group and blank control group.Significant differences were observed in the xenograft tumor volume (F =16.00,P ＜ 0.05) and weight (F =19.15,P ＜ 0.05) among the 6 groups.According to the tumor weight,the growth of tumor was inhibited by 45.57％,37.97％ and 15.51％ respectively in the high-,medium-and low-dose resveratrol groups.Increased apoptotic index was observed in the positive control group,high-,medium-and low-dose resveratrol groups compared with the negative control group and blank control group (36.79 ± 8.86,33.15 ± 6.00,18.09 ±3.92 and 10.53 ± 4.20 vs.3.87 ± 1.63 and 2.73 ± 1.61,F =93.26,P ＜ 0.05).Analysis of variance showed that the protein expressions of p-ERK,p53 and caspase 3 were all higher in the three resveratrol groups than in the negative control group and blank control group (F =6.65,6.78,11.56,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).The protein expression of p53 was statistically correlated with p-ERK (r =0.68,P ＜ 0.05) and caspase 3 (r =0.56,P ＜0.05).Conclusions Resveratrol shows an inhibitory effect on the growth of human A431 skin squamous cell carcinoma xenografts in nude mice,likely by increasing p53 expression and inducing tumor cell apoptosis via the activation of MAPK/ERK pathway.