OBJECTIVE: To provide references for optimize the quantity and quality of Chinese pharmaceutical personnel.METHODS: The status quo on both quality and quantity of Chinese pharmaceutical personnels' human resources were analyzed.Grey Model was used to forecast the total number of Chinese pharmaceutical personnel in 2010.RESULTS: The education,the professional title and the number of pharmaceutical personnel were quite lower compared to the medical doctors in China.The number of pharmaceutical personnel in 2010 was estimated at nearly 500 000.CONCLUSIONS: The number of pharmaceutical personnel in China is in great demand and their quality remains to be improved.Pharmaceutical schools should establish programs for talents' cultivation and continuing education of pharmaceutical personnel so as to satisfy the demand on both quality and quantity of pharmaceutical personnel.

OBJECTIVE To know about the urogenital tract caused by Mycoplasma and their variation by sex as well as the sensitivities to the 11 antimicrobials.METHODS The Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis(Mh) CICS reagent kit was adopted,and the mycoplasma isolates were cultivated and identified,and the drug sensitivity test was conducted.RESULTS Among the 1503 samples,757 were positive(50.4%),which were composed by Uu 29.1%,Mh 1.6%,and Uu-Mh infection 19.7%.Among 1323 females,684 were positive(51.7%);among 180 males,73 were positive(40.6%);females were more apt to be infected according to the statistics(P

Objective To observe the effect of saccharomyces boulardii combined with chiropractics in asphyxial newborn with feeding intolerance. Methods One hundred and twenty asphyxial newborn with feeding intolerance were allocated into observation group (68 patients) and control group (52 patients) by random digits table. The newborn in control group accepted trace feeding and parenteral nutrition treatment, and the newborn in observation group accepted additional oral saccharomyces boulardii and chiropractic therapy on the base of control group. The time of reaching to full enteral feeding, the time of restoring to birth weight, the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia and the total efficiency of treatment were observed. Results The time of reaching to full enteral feeding, the time of restoring to birth weight in either mild asphyxial newborn or severe asphxial newborn in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01 or<0.05). The incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in mild asphyxial newborn or severe asphxial newborn in observation group was 16.7%(8/48) and 5/20, in control group was 36.8%(14/38) and 9/14, and there were significant differences (P<0.05). The total efficiency of treatment in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group:91.2%(62/68) vs. 69.2%(36/52), P<0.05. Conclusions Saccharomyces boulardii combined with chiropractics in asphyxial newborn with feeding intolerance can reduce the time of reaching to full enteral feeding and the time of restoring to birth weight. It can decrease the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, and the treatment effect is obvious.

Taking medical morality unrturance of systematicness and practicality,the medical workers and medical students should have a soberly and definitely understand,and hold idea to bringing society effect and basic request of medical morality,meaning of medical aim and peristing in making good morality,medical morality culture,and setting medical logos spirit and etc problems.It is a realism proposition for perspicuiting basic elements and inertia factors of medical logos spirit,and unity od medical ought and medical logos spirit.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) on high glucose-induced rat mesangial cells proliferation and phenotype transformation. Methods Rat mesangial cells were cultured and incubated in media containing either 5 mmol/L D-glucose or 30 mmol/L D-glucose with or without addition of wortmannin, or uPA (105 U/L) for different time periods. At the end of the incubation period, mesangial cells proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and p27kip1 expression and activation of Akt were evaluated by Western blotting and Akt kinase assay respectively. Furthermore, the expression and distribution of α-SMA were detected with laser confocal microscopy. Results MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that high glucose induced mesangial cells proliferation (P＜0.05) and an incresed proportion of cells in G2/M+S stage after 24 h incubation (P＜0.01), which were attenuated by uPA or wortmannin (P＜0.01). High glucose induced the enhance of Akt activity after 3 h (P＜0.05), and the effect was inhibited by wortmannin or uPA (P＜0.01). High glucose did not alter CDK2 expression (P＞0.05),but significantly inhibited p27kip1 expression (P＜0.05), which was attenuated by wortmannin or uPA (P＜0.01). High glucose induced the up-regulation of α-SMA expression and perinucleus location in mesangial cells after 24 h (P＜0.01), which were alleviated by wortmannin or uPA (P＜0.01). Conclusion uPA up-regulates p27kip1 expression and counteracts high glucose-induced mesangial cells proliferation and phenotype transformation via blocking PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Neuroprotective role of hypothermia on cerebral ischemic-reperfusional impairment has been long acknowledged. Since general hypothermia is complicated and unfit for observing postoperative consciousness and neurological function, it is of important significance to explore novel methods of focal cerebral hypothermia.OBJECTIVE: To study the neuroprotective effect of lateral ventricle infusion of low-temperature fluid on ischemic neurons of middle cerebral artery (MAC) occlusion models established on New Zealand rabbits.DESIGN: A randomized case-control study based on experimental animal models.SETTING: Neurosurgical department and pathological department of a general military hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This study was carried out at Neurosurgical Laboratory of Nanjing General Hospital, Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. Altogether 18 healthy New Zealand male rabbits, weighing from 2. 8 to 3.2 kg, were selected 4 - 6 months after birth, and randomly divided into occlusion group, hypothermia group and control group.INTERVENTIONS: Cerebral focal ischemic-reperfusional model was established on the New Zealand rabbits through MCA occlusion for 2 hours followed by reperfusion for 24 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores for neurological function, water content in the left and right brain, pathological changes of nerve cells in the left MCA supplying region.pothermia group, significantly higher than that in occlusion group(7.58 ± 0.58 )( P ＜ 0.01 ), but no significant difference could be observed in contrast with brain was(81.64 ± 0.82)% and (79.26 ± 1.30)% in occlusion and hypothermia groups with significant difference between them( P ＜ 0.05), and it was significantly different between the left side [ (81.64 ± 0. 82 )% ] and opyknosis and deep staining could be observed in nerve ganglion cells in occlusion group under optical microscope, but no obvious pathological changes were observed in MCA supplying brain regions in hypothermia group.CONCLUSION: Permanent infusion of low-temperature fluid into the lateral ventricle plays an important neuroprotective role by attenuating cerebral ischemic-reperfusional impairment and improving post-ischemic neurological functions.

Objective To explore the role of problem-based learning(PBL) nursing ward round on critical thinking capacity of nurses from surgical departments. Methods All nurses from surgical depart-ments were randomly divided into the experimental group(86 nurses) and the control group(85 nurses) by drawing lots. Objects from the experimental group received PBL nursing ward round training twice a week for 8 months, while those from the control group used the traditional nursing ward round training. The influ-ence of the different teaching methods on the critical thinking capacity of the nurses was assessed before and after the training, using critical thinking disposition inventory-Chinese version (CTDI-CV). Results Total critical thinking capacity was improved significantly in the experimental group after the training. All sorts of critical thinking characteristics were strengthened in different degree. Conclusions PBL nursing ward round training can effectively facilitate the critical thinking capacity of surgical nurses.

AIM: Recent studies have identified the importance of inflammation in the development and progression of heart failure.Chemokines are essential factors in the recruitment and activation of leukocytes.They are closely related with inflammation.So the relation between chemokines expression and lymphocytes recruitment and cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction(AMI) was studied.METHODS: Ligating left interventricular branch induced AMI.Experimental rats were divided into three groups: heart failure group(MI-HF),non-heart failure group(MI-NF) and sham group(sham).Sham group was made by the same procedure only without ligation.The blood dynamics of rats was examined after 3 days,1 week and 2 weeks following ligation.Rats,which had a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP) above 15 mmHg,were considered to be in heart failure.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to analyze the mRNA expression of chemokines,including monokine induced by IFN-?(MIG),macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha(MIP-1?) and regulated upon activation,normal T cell expressed and secreted(RANTES),in the infarcted region(circumjacent region included).The numbers of lymphocytes infiltrated in the infarcted region were also counted.RESULTS: MIP-1?,RANTES and MIG mRNA increased at 3 days and reached the peak at 1 week after AMI,significantly higher in MI-HF group than those in MI-NF group(RANTES,0.83?0.05 vs 0.51?0.19,P

ObjectiveTo study the clinical effects of using the portable patient-controlled analgesic pump for patients with abdominal operation. Methods Divided 42 patients with abdominal operation into PCA group and B group randomly, there were 21 cases in the each group. The patient-controlled analgesic pump was used in the PCA group to ameliorate the postoperative pain, the dolantin was used in the B group. Compared the effects of the analgesia in the 2 groups. Results There were no significant differences between the 2 group in the blood pressure, heart rate and the respiratory frequence,P

Objective:To explore a simple and effective method of local hypothermia, and to testify its neuroprotective effects . Methods:This experiment adopts twelve adult and healthy New Zealand rabbits as experimental animals. These rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups : ① MCAO (n=6),② MCAO and hypothermia (n=6). The middle cerebral artery (MCA) was exposed through the left orbital approach, and was clipped 2 hours by a 3 mm straight aneurysm clip to establish the MCAO model. We assign 2 cavities ventricle tube to puncture the frontal angle of the lateral ventricle, then 22℃ physiological brine was dropped into the lateral ventricle to reduce the brain temperature in MCAO and hypothermia group. Temperature thermister probes were inserted for measuring the brain and rectal temperatures. The neurological deficits and histological changes of brain tissue were evaluated in all experimental animals.Results: Brain temperature below cortex was descend to 35℃within 20 minutes after hypothermia in MCAO and hypothermia group while rectal temperature has maintained normal. The neurological deficits and histological changes of brain tissue of MCAO and hypothermia group were better than those in MCAO group. Conclusion: The local intra-ventricle hypothermia model is a reliable, cooling rapidly and useful method for selective brain cooling.