OBJECTIVE To analyze 1000 Hz probe tone tympanometry of middle ear with different volume of fluid, and to evaluate the role of 1000 Hz probe tone tympanometry in the diagnosis of presence of fluid in tympanic cavity. METHODS Tympanometries with 1000 Hz or 226 Hz probe tone were obtained from all the guinea pigs with different volume of fluid in tympanic cavity using GSI33 analyzer and tympanometry curves were analyzed. RESULTS There was a significant difference of the peak pressure of 1000 Hz tympanometry among all test groups and control group. The peak pressure decreased with the increasing of fluid volume in tympanic cavity. CONCLUSION Tympanometry with 1000 Hz probe tone can be used in the diagnosis of fluid in tympanic cavity, and it can be an indicator of volume of fluid in tympanic cavity.

0.05).Conclusion The maximal slow-phase velocity induced by bithermal caloric test failed to decline with aging,implying that the functions of the horizontal semicircular didn't decline with aging.

Objective To determine whether the pressure of continuous CO 2 pheumoperitoneum (CCP) affects port site implantation of tumor cells.Methods Male SD rats were injected intraperitoneally with gastric cancer cells (cell line SGC 7901). Continuous CO 2 pneumoperitoneum at 15*!mm*!Hg or 30*!mm*!Hg for 5*!mins,60*!mins,120*!mins and 180*!mins with different number of tumor cell injection(10 4/ml, 10 6/ml respectively) was then established. Several samples of peritoneal washing served as positive control.All collecting dishes were incubated at 37℃ for one week.Results Dishes were tumor cell positive on which the tumor cells were collected from rats undergoing continuous flows of CO 2 gas (5*!L/min) at pneumoperitoneum of 30*!mm*!Hg for 60 mins or longer and all peritoneal washing samples showed tumor growth also. Conclusion It suggests that the number of tumor cells, pneumoperitoneum pressure and the duration may affect the port site implantation.

Objective:To analyze infection-related factors for Coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).Method: The cases undergoing operations with CABG from January to June in 2006 were 614.The records of the two sets of statistical indicators were kept and the data were analyzed to find the infection-related factors.Result:There were three factors related to infection:the measure of anaesthesia,the time of hospitalization before surgical operations and the duration of prophylac- tic antibiotics treatment.Diabetes mellitus was not a risk factor in our study.Conclusion:In view of patients'health condi- tion,prophylactic antibiotics can be used to prevent infection in surgical operations.Shortening the time of hospitalization before surgical operations and adopting off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting can decrease the infection.CABG is as safe for diabetic patients as for non-diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND: Pedicle screw fixation is mainly used to treat thoracolumbar disorders, and accurate placement is the key to success; thereafter, how to improve the accuracy of placement and reduce the secondary nailing is an issue of concern.OBJECTIVE: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of various pedicle screw placement methods and their application value.METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were retrieved for clinical research concerning the pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar disorders published before May 2016 using the keywords of pedicle screw fixation, free-hand technique,3D-printing technology, computer navigation technology, clinical application prospect in English and Chinese,respectively. The repetitive literatures were excluded, and the advanced pedicle screw technologies were collected and evaluated in views of feasibility, universality and practicability.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Computer-assisted navigation system and three-dimensional printing technology are the focus of research, but only applied in the treatment of pedicle congenital malformations or complicated cases. (2) Free-hand technique is still the most widely used, which is the essential skills that surgeons must master. (3) Traditional technology is still the mainstream in clinic, so improved preoperative planning, and individualized scheme are needed.

Objective To study the diagnostic significance of whole blood sample index in the severity of hand, foot and mouth disease, and to analyze its pathogenesis. Methods 194 cases of severe cases of hand, foot and mouth disease were selected as the case group,and 193 cases of mild hand, foot and mouth disease were selected as the control group. Blood samples were collected after admission to study the whole blood samples, including white blood cells, erythrocytes, platelets, medium cell ratio, lymphocyte ratio, mononuclear cell ratio, C-reactive protein test; The patient's immune system, the nervous system were also tested. Results Compared with patients with mild group, the white blood cell level of the patients in the severe group was higher and the albumin level was higher, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the monocyte ratio, the T cell ratio was lower, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The white blood cell level and monocyte ratio of patients with severe hand, foot and mouth disease have changed. The whole blood sample has a certain sensitivity to the diagnosis of severe hand, foot and mouth disease.

Objective This study was carried out to investigate the effect of myocardial insulin resistance on expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in ischemic heart failure in rat.Methods Male sprague-dawley rats were subjected either to ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (n =24) or to sham operation (n =24).After two weeks,cardiac size and function were determined by echocardiography.Glucose and fatty acid (FAO) oxidation rates as well as insulin response were measured in the isolated working heart.The protein expression of p38MAPK was evaluated by Western blotting.Results The infarcted hearts were dilated and had a reduced ejection fraction (ejection fraction ＜0.50).The basal glucose oxidation was preserved,but the fatty acid oxidation was significantly reduced.Insulin effect on substrate oxidation was significantly impaired for both the decrease in fatty acid oxidation and the increase in glucose oxidation.The protein expression of p38MAPK in infracted hearts wasfisigni cantly reduced(P＜0.05).Condusion Myocardial infarction in rats caused partial insulin resistance at the level of substrate oxidation,which was associated with cardiac contractile dysfunction and the expression of p38MAPK.

Objective To investigate the effects of rhubarb combined with glutamine on repair of gut mucosal barrier injury after gastrointestinal surgery in rats. Methods Fifty male healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into five groups:control(C group),enteral nutrition(EN group),rhubarb with EN(R-EN group), glutamine with EN(G-EN group)and rhubarb combined with glutamine and EN(R-G-EN group)groups(each n=10). The rats of C group received no treatment and were fed normally. Cecectomy and gastrostomy were performed in EN,R-EN,G-EN and R-G-EN groups,and in 24 hours after surgery,they were interfered with the use of amoxicillin 50 mg/d and metronidazole 20 mg twice a day. From the first day after operation,each group was treated with the same prescription of enteral isocaloric and isonitrogenous nutrition for consecutive 7 days. Seven days later, under anaesthesia,laparotomy was performed,and a specimen of 1 cm intestinal segment was taken from the terminal 5 cm long ileum for all the groups;under the light microscope,the morphological examination of intestinal mucosal epithelial tight junctions(including villus height and mucosal thickness)was carried out. For each group,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the levels of plasma citruline and D-lactate,and the serum concentration of TNF-αwas detected by utilizing double antibody ABC-ELISA. Results The levels of D-lactate and TNF-αin EN,R-EN,G-EN and R-G-EN groups were obviously higher than those in C group(all P<0.01). The level of plasma citruline(μmol/L:16.13±0.58 vs. 14.52±0.28)of R-G-EN group was remarkably higher than that in R-EN group(P<0.05),and its levels of serum D-lactate(mmol/L:3.12±0.56 vs. 3.62±0.52)and TNF-α(ng/L:2.82±0.62 vs. 3.54±0.49)were markedly lower than those of G-EN group(both P<0.05). The mucosal villus height(μm:126.50±6.31 vs. 175.67±11.91),mucosal thickness(μm:223.67±11.94 vs. 277.00±14.06)and the level of plasma citruline(μmol/L:13.25±0.36 vs. 15.67±0.55)in EN group were obviously lower than those of C group(all P<0.01);the above indexes of R-EN,G-EN and R-G-EN groups were higher than those of EN group (P<0.05 or P<0.01),but in the comparisons of the villus height and mucosal thickness among the three groups there were no statistical significant differences(all P>0.05). Conclusion The application of rhubarb combined with glutamine can protect gut mucosa,reduce the level of inflammatory reaction and elevate the level of plasma citruline, that is beneficial to the repair of gut mucosal barrier injury and its functional recovery after gastrointestinal surgery in rats.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy combined with acyclovir and mecobalamin in the treatment of herpes zoster in elderly patients.Methods 520 elderly patients with herpes zoster were randomly divided into two groups,experimental group and control group (n=260,each).Patients in experimental group were treated with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy,using liquid nitrogen cotton swab to graze the skin lesions 2-3 times per day for successive 5 days,combined with acyclovir and mecobalamin.Patients in control group were treated with acyclovir and mecobalamin.New blisters and dry skin and crust were observed and compared between the two groups on the 5th,14th,30th day after treatment.The skin lesion situation and reaction times for pain complete remission,vesicular scab,postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) were recorded and analyzed.Results The effective rate was 93.9％ (244/260) in the experimental group versus 84.2％ (219/260) in the control group (x2 =12.32,P＜ 0.05).The reaction times for vesicular scab,pain complete remission and subside were shorter in experimental group than in control group [(2.63 ±0.78)d vs.(4.75±1.39)d,(8.17±1.68)d vs.(11.25±2.23)d,(9.24±2.53)d vs.(12.78±3.13)d,all P＜0.01].There was no significant difference in new blister time between the experimental group and the control group [(1.85±0.62) d vs.(1.79±0.83)d,P＞0.05].Postherpetic neuralgia incidence was lower in experimental group than in control group [6.9％ (18/260) vs.18.1％ (47/260),x2 =14.79,P＜0.01].Conclusions Treatment with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy combined with acyclovir and mecobalamin can shorten the reaction times of vesicular scab,and pain complete remission and subside,and reduce postherpetic neuralgia as compared to acyclovir and mecobalamin treatment in elderly patients with herpes zoster.

Aim Exploration of the effects of bioactive compound from paecilomyces tenuipes (BCPT) on the behavior, ultrastructure of hippocampus, and expressions of BDNF and Bax of cerebral cortex in CUS rats. Methods The depression model rat was induced by chronic unpredictable stress(CUS). The Open field test was used to observe the behavior of CUS rats. The expressions of BDNF and Bax of cerebral cortex were studied using immunohistochemical method, and average optical density of cortical neuron was calculated by image analysis. Morphology of hippocampus was observed by transmission electron microscope. Results Compared with model group, BCPT could obviously increase the activity of ambulation and rearing and the number of positive neuron of BDNF, decrease the number of positive neuron of Bax, and effectively prevent pathological damage induced by chronic unpredictable stress. Conclusion BCPT may exhibit the effects of antidepression, up-regulate the expression of BDNF, down-regulate the expression of Bax, and improve of the ultrastructure of hippocampus.