Objective To study the role of Th1/Th2 cytokine profile in the pathogenesis of recurrent genital herpes (RGH), and to find out the relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokines. Methods A two－ colour immunofluorescent staining of cell surface antigen and intracellular cytokines (IL－ 2、 IL－ 10、 IL－ 12、 IFN－ γ and TNF－ α ) in CD3＋ T－ lymphocytes of 20 patients with RGH with flow cytometric analysis were performed. Results Compared to controls, patients with RGH showed a decreased number of CD3＋ T cells（ P0.05） . Conclusions RGH patients seem to have a predominance of Th2 cytokine profile, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RGH.

Objective To study the role of Th1/Th2 cytokine profile in the pathogenesis of recurrent genital herpes (RGH), and to find out the relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokines. Methods A two-colour immunofluorescent staining of cell surface antigen and intracellular cytokines (IL-2、 IL-10、 IL-12、 IFN－? and TNF－? ) in CD3＋ T-lymphocytes of 20 patients with RGH with flow cytometric analysis were performed. Results Compared to controls, patients with RGH showed a decreased number of CD3＋ T cells（ P0.05） . Conclusions RGH patients seem to have a predominance of Th2 cytokine profile, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RGH.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the management tactics and developmental prospects of fair-price drug stores in China.METHODS:To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of fair-price drug stores and countermeasure.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Development of fair-price drug stores need not only support of governments but also the improvement of drug and service quality by strengthening physical distributions,renewing management methods and bringing up specialists.

Objective To investigate Shuxuening injection combined with deproteinized extract of calf blood on serum IGF-1, IL-1 and ICAM-1 level in patients with cerebral infarction recovery stage.Methods 120 patients with cerebral infarction were collected.According to the different drug treatment, 60 cases in each group were given corresponding drug treatment, on the basis of control group, the calf blood extract injection was given in experimental group.After the end of treatment, all patients blood rheology, IGF-1, IL-1 and ICAM-1 levels were tested.Results Compared with control group, the indexes of the patients in experimental group improved more significantly, whole blood viscosity, red blood cell pressure volume, platelet aggregation rate decreased significantly(P<0.05); serum IGF-1 levels in experimental group decreased significantly(P<0.05).The levels of serum IL-1, ICAM-1 in experimental group decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Shuxuening injection combined with deproteinized extract of calf blood can significantly reduce serum IGF-1, IL-1 and ICAM-1 levels in patients with cerebral infarction recovery stage, improve blood flow, reduce blood viscosity.

Objective To detect cytokine levels secreted by CD3 + T cells and monitor the Th cell im-balance in the patients with condyloma acuminatum(CA).Methods The peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated and stimulated prior to analysis.Cytokine detection was performed using monoclonal antibodies,which were fluorochrome-conjugated for easier direct manipulation in flow cytometry analysis.The results were pre-sented as cytograms showing dual staining of lymphocytes.Results The levels of IL-2,IL-12,IFN-?and TNF-?produced by Th1cells decreased,while the level of IL-10produced by Th2cells had no significant change in CA patients in comparison with healthy controls.Conclusions There is Th1/Th2imbalance in CA patients with a decline of Th1type cytokines.The Th1/Th2imbalance might be the mechanism that HPVs es-cape from immunosurveillance in CA patients.

Objective To assess the effect of immunosuppression conversion from cyclosporine(CsA) to tacrolimus(FK506) on progression of chronic allograft nephropathy(CAN).Methods A retrospective study was performed in 36 cyclosporine treated renal transplant recipients.Patients were included if they were biopsy-proven CAN and they were converted from cyclosporine to tacrolimus due to CAN.The FK506 dose was 1/50 to 1/100 of the cyclosporine's and the dose was adjusted according to the trough level of tacrolimus,body weight of the patient and the situation of CAN.Other immunosuppressive agents kept unchanging.Serum creatinine and FK506 trough level were monitored after conversion.Fasting blood triglyceride,total cholesterol and glucose were determined at baseline and 6th month after conversion to tacrolimus.Results After switching over to FK506 for 6 months,there was a significant improvement in function of renal allograf(P

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of the severe pulmonary infection in the patients after kidney transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 26 patients with severe pulmonary infection following kidney transplantation were analyzed retrospectively. Results Microorganisms were isolated and identified in 22 patients out of 26 kidney transplantation patients with severe pulmonary infection. The main etiological pathogens according to their frequency and type were: bacteria (15 cases, including Escherichia coli, Aerobacter cloacae, Klebsiella fredlanderi, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, etc.), fungi (12 cases, Fermentum, Blastomyces albicans, Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus, etc.), and cytomegalovirus (10 cases). 46.15% (12/26) of patients were infected with one kind of microorganism, and 53.85% (14/26) of patients were mixed infection. In 73.1% (19/26) of patients the pulmonary infection occurred during 1-6 months after renal transplantation. Among 26 patients, 12 developed ARDS, and 4 patients gave up therapies due to high expenses. With energetic treatment, 18 patients (81.82%) were cured and 4 died. Conclusions Intensive care and active measures should be given in the treatment of severe pulmonary infection after kidney transplantation. Early diagnosis, administration of broad-spectrum and combined use of antibiotics, the early identification of pathogens, enforcement in systemic support, including correction of immunosuppression, the timely use of mechanical ventilation to correct hypoxia, are the key treatment strategies for a successful result.

The present study was to examine the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on bilateral regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) and postoperative cognitive function. Eighty patients undergoing selective coronary artery bypass graft with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomly and equally divided into two groups. The patients in group S were given right SGB with ropivacaine, while the patients in group C were injected with normal saline. We compared the bilateral rSO2 after SGB. Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE), Visual Verbal Learning Test (VVLT), and Digital Span Test (DST) were applied to observe the effect on cognitive function. We found that the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) 7 days after surgery in group S was lower than that in group C. The level of blocked side rSO₂ of S group were significantly higher before CPB time of rewarming than that before SGB (P < 0.05), much higher than corresponding non-blocked side rSO₂ before CPB (P < 0.05), and much higher than rSO₂ level in group C before CPB and after CPB (P < 0.05). The non-blocked side rSO₂ in group S before anesthesia were much lower than basic levels and those in group C (P < 0.05). It could be concluded from the above results that there was significant increase in the blocked-side rSO₂ compared to the non-blocked side and there was significant decrease in the incidence of POCD compared to the control group after SGB.
Autonomic Nerve Block ; adverse effects ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; adverse effects ; Cerebrum ; physiology ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Incidence ; Oxygen ; physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Postoperative Complications ; Stellate Ganglion

Objective To establish a real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR ( qRT-PCR) method for detection of hepatitis E virus ( HEV) of different genotypes based on standard HEV DNA plasmid in order to promote its application in clinical laboratory. Methods Specific primers and probe of HEV were designed based on the conserved open reading frame 3 (ORF3) regions. HEV DNA plasmids were construc-ted and 10-fold serial dilutions of the plasmids were prepared and used as standards to establish one-step qRT-PCR. The established method was compared with HEV antigen, antibody and RT-nPCR assays. Some positive samples were sequenced and analyzed by evolutionary tree. Results The one-step qRT-PCR meth-od for HEV detection in serum or feces samples was successfully establish. It could reach a sensitivity of 25 copies/test and 77. 8% of its results were consistent with those by HEV antigen assay. Nine patients were infected with HEV of genotypes 4a, 4d or 4n as indicated by evolutionary tree. Conclusion The HEV qRT-PCR method based on its standard plasmid is successfully established, which paves the way for commercial-ization of clinical applications.

BACKGROUND: Techniques in the focal cerebral ischemia model in mice have been well developed in some foreign countries. However, rats are commonly used in cerebral ischemia studies due to resource availability in China.OBJECTIVE: To establish reliable and reproducible focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in mouse to explore the molecular mechanism of cerebral ischemia reperfusion process in genetic level.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Fundamental Medical Research Institute of Chengde Medical College. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in Fundamental Medical Research Institute of Chengde Medical College from September 2002 to May 2003. Totally 30 Kunming mice (25 to 30 g), provided by Experimental Animal Center, Chengde Medical College, were randomly grouped as follows: control group, 6, 3-hour occlusion and 18-hour, 24-hour reperfusion, with 6 mice in each group respectively.INTERVENTIONS: Nylon thread (qb0.128 mm) was soaked in paraffin wax and inserted into internal carotid artery in mouse to reversibly occlude the middle cerebral at the right side after 3 hours, then was removed, and reperfusion was performed in 18, 24 hours, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The infarct volume was observed and neurological deficit scored was analysis.of mice in operation group was shown as head turning to left, adduction of left forelimb, internal rotation of shoulder, decrease of muscular tension of left forelimb, unable to straighten completely during tail lifted. At independent activity, mice turned to left as the left hidlegs as the center of a circle; under the abdomen, left forelimb was crossed with right forelimb as scissor shape. Palsy of left limbs was observed obviously, especially forelimb.tion was shown clearly with TTC. The infarct volumes were (13±2.3) mm3 and (16±4.5) mm3 for 18 hours and 24 hours reperfusion and 3-hour ischemia, respectively. Pathological changes were observed under light microscope after ischemia. The infarct volume increased as the increasing of reperfusion time, including 3-hour blocking and 18-hour and 24-hour reperfusion.CONCLUSION: Using suture method to establish focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in mice, it is less invasion and trauma without requiring skull opening. Ischemia position is relatively fixed, thus, ischemia reperfusion time can be controlled precisely. It is also an ideal animal model to study pathological changes in cerebral vascular diseases and an efficient tool to study the therapeutic effect of medicine after surgery.