Cognitive function is an important part of non-motor function of the cerebellum. The cerebellum is involved in cognition and has a variety of cognitive functions, including working memory function, language function, spatial cognitive function (spatial processing and spatial memory), and temporal cognitive function (time perception and time processing), etc. This article reviewed recent advances in these aspects of cognitive function of the cerebellum.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of EPA and DHA in ray oil.METHODS:The determination was carried out on Diamonsil C18 column.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(95 :5) with flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1 and detection wavelength set at 220 nm.The column temperature was set at 25 ℃.RESULTS:The linear ranges were 1～4 ?g for EPA(r=0.999 1) and 2～8 ?g for DHA(r=0.999 4).The average recoveries were 99.23% for EPA(RSD=0.49%) and 99.30% for DHA(RSD=0.27%).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid,accurate and reproducible for the detection of EPA and DHA in ray oil.

Objective To explore the clinical therapeutic effects of postoperative intracranial infection in neurosurgery.Methods Between January 2014 and January 2014,50 patients with postoperative intracranial infection in the department of neurosurgery in our hospital were selected in this study.Among the 50 patients,25 patients were treated by intravenous antibiotic therapy,15 patients were treated with intrathecal and intravenous antibiotics treatment,10 cases were treated by intrathecal injection,intravenous antibiotics and lumbar pool catheter drainage way for treatment,and then we observed the clinical therapeutic effect of three groups of patients.Results In 50 patients,37 patients were cured,3 cases had marked effect,8 patients had effect,2 patients had no effect.Conclusion For patients with neurosurgical operations,to maximally reduce the risk of intracranial infection,it is necessary to take antibiotics according to the actual situation of patients,and make different treatment schemes according to the difference of infection.

Objective To evaluate salivary gland function in primary Sjgren′s syndrome (pSS) objectively,and highly sensitive and significant indicators were chosen by correlative analyses of parameters of salivary gland scintigraphy with the histopathologic grading of labial biopsy in pSS.Methods Salivary gland scintigraphy was preformed using 99m TcO - 4 in 78 patients with pSS and 20 normal controls.Functional parameters of the parotid (Par) glands were calculated.The results of pSS groups were compared with normal controls.All patients with pSS underwent labial biopsy after imaging and Spearman rank correlation test was used for scintigraphy functional parameters and histopathologic grading.Results ① The maximum accumulation ratio (MAR) of Par gland significantly decreased with histopathologic grading increase ( r = -0 649, P

Objective To study the toxicity and its mechanism of Radix Aconitii from genetic and molecular levels.Methods According to the requirements of ICH,the acute toxicity experiment was carried out under the condition of SPF by ig administration of the decoction of Radix Aconitii to mice.Gene expression profiling was used to describe whole-genome of five organs in mice,the related data were analyzed by using bioinformatics statistics,such as Cluster,GO,and Pathway,and the results were validated through quantitative PCR.Results The effects of Radix Aconitii on the key genes of the Focal adhesion pathway of mice,such as ECM,FAK,Cdc42,were remarkably.Conclusion The reason why Radix Aconitii produces the toxicity is probably that Radix Aconiti could cause the toxicity of Focal adhesion signal pathway through influencing the key genes.

Objective · To observe the micro-structure changes in rat tooth movement process under different force values through Micro-CT dynamic observation. Methods · Fifteen SD adult male rats at the age of 8 weeks were divided into three groups randomly (n=5), with the left maxillary as the experimental side and the nickel titanium coil springs, fixed between the first molar and incisor where thrust augmentation was conducted respectively by 20, 50 and 100 gf (1gf=0.0098 N) for continuous 14 d to it. Rat scanning in vivo through Micro-CT was carried out at day 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 after force values were loaded on. The root resorption crater volumes and structure parameters for bone trabecula at different time points were measured. Results · Three days after thrust augmentation was conducted, root resorption crater volume for each group had a slight increase and an obvious increase occurred from the 3rd day to the 10th day, and then a slow increase happened 10 d later; from the 7th day to the 14th day, root resorption crater volume for 100 gf stress group was obviously greater than those of the other groups with statistical differences (P<0.05). With time for thrust augmentation passing by, bone volume fraction at the pressure side of alveolar bone decreased gradually and bone trabecula morphology became tiny and exiguous; besides, bone trabecula gap became narrow first and broad afterwards, and trabeculae trended to change from clintheriform to rhabditiform. Furthermore, alveolar bone resorption occurred in each stress group with consistent tendency. Conclusion · Different orthodontic force values all can cause root resorption, which experiences lag phase, rapid phase and stationary phase. Over-loaded orthodontic force induces more root resorption. During the process of the tooth movement, the pressure side of alveolar bones appears reconstruction and absorption, whose variation is not related with force degree.

Objective To investigate the effects and probable mechanism ofShenfu injection on the oxidaitve damage of H2O2-induced PC12 cells.Methods PC12 cells were cultured and exposed to 100μmol/L H2O2 for 1 h to establish the oxidative damage model. The protective effect ofShenfu injection was observed by the cell survival rate measured by colorimetric MTT assay, and the leakage rate of lactic dehydrogense (LDH). Western blot methods were used to detect the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway.Results Compared with the model group,Shenfu injection at 5, 10, 20 ml/L could improve the PC12 cells survival rate (83.11% ± 2.59 %, 87.99% ± 0.59%, 85.26% ± 1.07%vs. 73.82% ± 1.82%;P<0.01 orP<0.05), decrease the LDH leakage rate (32.75% ± 4.10%, 28.52% ± 1.14%, 35.79% ± 1.62%vs. 64.34% ± 3.18%;P<0.01 or P<0.05). Western blot results showed thatShenfu injection could protect the PC12 cells from oxidaitve damage by suppressing the p-p65/p65 (1.30 ± 0.10, 1.17 ± 0.06, 1.37 ± 0.15 vs. 1.70 ± 0.10;P<0.01 orP<0.05), p-IκBα/IκBα (1.07 ± 0.12, 1.00 ± 0.10, 1.03 ± 0.06 vs. 1.17 ± 0.06; P<0.01 orP<0.05).ConclusionShenfu injection has a obvious antioxidant effect on PC12 cells in vitro.

BACKGROUND:Posterior lumbar fusion using pedicle screw-rod system fixation is the main surgical method for various lumbar diseases, and the accuracy of pedicle screw insertion is the key to success. Spinous processes are superficial in position, which serve as a anatomical landmark providing significant reference. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the anatomical classification of spinous process tilt of adult in northeast China, and to discussthe feasibility of it as the reference of anatomical landmark in pedicle screw fixation.METHODS: The tilt angle of spinous processes of 97 adults in northeast China was measured, and spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae were then classified. All subjects underwent simulative operation to determine the optimal insertion angle,measure the angle between pedicle screw and the spinous process, or standard sagittal plane for comparative analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The results were as follows: the distribution of type I was 75.1%, and 20.9% of typeII, 2.3% of type III, 1.7% of type IV. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the angle between pedicle screwand the spinous process, or standard sagittal plane. (3) These findings suggest that lumbar spine angle varies in different individuals, which shouldbe defined through relative examinations. Additionally, spinous process can be a reference inpedicle screw inserting operation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical diagnosis and management of solid-pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas.Methods A retrospective clinical analysis was made on 21 cases of solid-pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas admitted from June 1994 to June 2003.Results Abdominal pain was the major complains in 13 cases , 7 cases had palpable abdominal mass.Imaging examination can show the abdominal mass clearly, but diagnosis can not be defined.There were 12 cases whose tumors were located in pancreatic head (4 underwent Whipple procedures and 8 tumor enucleations) and 9 cases with tumors in pancreatic tail (all underwent body and tail resection plus splenectomy).The average diameter of tumor was 9.5 cm (3-20).One case had liver metastasis.Diagnosis was proved by frozen pathology during operation in 14 cases, and other 3 cases initially diagnosed as insulinomas and other malignant tunors, had definite diagnosis by postoperative paraffin section and enzyme labeling.Enzyme labeling examinations showed that there were 14 cases of NSE positive in 15 cases, 8 cases of Vimentin positive in 10 cases and 7 cases of PAS positive in 8 cases.CK, EMA and CHG A were negative.Eighteen cases were followed up (85.7%) with a median period of 24 months(1～60) without tumor recurrence.Conclusion Huge pancreatic masses of pancreas in young females should suggest the diagnosis of solid-pseudopapillary tumors.Aggressive surgical therapy can result in good prognosis in these patients.

Objective To analyse the causes of postoperative complications of pancreatoduodenectomy(PD) and study measures for prevention and treatment of the complications.Methods A retrospective study was carried out on the data of 139 cases of pancreatoduodenectomy performed during recent 3 years in our(hospital).They included 91 cases of radical resection operation and 43 cases of pancreatoduodenectomy(combined) with vascular resection.Results There were 38 cases(27.4%) occurred complications after PD,including 10 cases(7.2%) of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage,4 cases(2.9%) of hemorrhage in the abdominal cavity,and 6(4.3%) cases of pancreatic leakage,4cases(2.9%) of bile duct leakage,3((2.2%)) cases of intra-abdominal infection,5 cases(3.6%) of pulmonary infection,and 6 cases((4.3%)) of functional delayed gastric emptying.Four cases died during the peri-operative period.The overall mortality rate were 2.9%.Conclusions The main complications after PD were hemorrhage,pancreatic leakage,bile duct leakage and intra-abdominal cavity infection.Meticulons operative technique,the selection of appropriate anastomoses technique,careful observation and timely aggressive management in the postoperative period are the key points to reduce postoperative morbidity and motality rate after PD.