Heterotopic ossification is the bone formation outside skeletal system, which can lead to serious motor dysfunction. This paper reviewed the definition, pathogenesis, incidence, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, advance in prevention and treatment of heterotopic ossification to investigate the effective method in prevention and treatment of heterotopic ossification.

Objective To approach the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of cystitis glandularis. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 172 cases of cystitis glandularis was made and the experience on its diagnosis and treatment was summed up.Transurethral electroresection was performed in 132 cases.Of these cases,93 with lower urinary obstruction simultaneously underwent electroresection of pathological foci of lower urinary obstruction caused by bladder-neck contracture or hyperplasia of seminal colliculus,and 16 cases with complicated hymenal lesion at meatus urinarius received resection and plastic operation of hymenal lesion.Instillation of drug at bladder trigone was performed in 40 patients who refused surgical operation and in 16 patients whose symptoms still existed after electroresection. Results Seventy-eight of the 132 cases in which transurethral electroresection had been performed showed normal findings in cystoscopy during a follow-up study of 6～36 months;their symptoms disappeared,the cure rate being 58%.Thirty-two of the 56 cases for whom bladder trigone instillation had been performed had their symptoms subsided or remitted,the effective rate being 57%. Conclusions The lower urinary obstruction is the common cause of leading to cystitis glandularis.Transurethral electroresection or electrovaporization is the main method of treating cystitis glandularis.It can also simultaneously remove obstructive foci which causes cystitis glandularis.The bladder trigone instillation is an effective method of treating cystitis glandularis.

The relationship between immune vasculitis and atherosclerosis was studied. The experimental model of weanling rabbits for immune vasculitis was reproduced by intravenous injection of 10% bovine serum albumin. There were 6 groups: group A, 25 weanling rabbits with immune vasculitis subject to coronary arteriography; group B, 10 normal mature rabbits subject to coronary arteriography; group C, 10 weanling rabbits subject to coronary arteriography; group D, 8 weanling rabbits with vasculitis and cholesterol diet; group E, 8 weanling rabbits receiving single cholesterol diet; group F: 8 weanling rabbits receiving basic diet. Four weeks later, coronary arteriography was performed in groups A, B and C. The rabbits in groups D, E and F were sacrificed for the study of pathological changes in the coronary artery after 12 weeks. The results showed that the dilatation of coronary artery occurred in 6 rabbits of group A, but in groups B and C, no dilatation of coronary artery appeared. In comparison with group E, more severe atherosclerosis occurred in group D, showing the thickened plaque, fibrous sclerosis and atherosclerotic lesion. Percentage of plaques covering aortic intima, incidence of atherosclerosis of small coronary arteries and degree of stenosis of coronary arteries were significantly higher in group D than in group E (P < 0.01). No atherosclerosis changes were found in group F. It was concluded that in the acute phase, the serum immune vasculitis can induce the dilatation of coronary artery of some weanling rabbits, and aggravate the formation of atherosclerosis in rabbits fed with cholesterol diet. Immune vasculitis is a new risk factor of atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease.
Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/chemically induced ; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/*complications ; Atherosclerosis/*etiology ; Cholesterol, Dietary/*administration & dosage ; Myocardial Ischemia/etiology ; Random Allocation ; Risk Factors ; Serum Albumin, Bovine

Objective To investigate the effect of cobalt chloride on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro, to explore the reasonable strategy of chemical hypoxia induced by CoCl2. Methods Two tumor cell lines (A549 and HeLa) were respectively exposed to CoCl2(0.05～2 mmol/L) for different time period (4～48 h), cells viability、proliferation and apoptosis were maesured by MTT and FCM methods. HIF-1? and related apoptosis proteins expression were detected by Western blot. Results Cells viability was weakly changed in low concentration(≤200 ?mol/L)of CoCl2 within 24 h. However, higher dose or prolonged challenge of CoCl2 significantly decreased cell survival rate (P

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk factors of broad-spectrum antibiotic usage more than for two weeks and primary pulmonary disease as a risk factor of nosocomial infections. METHODS A retrieval report which used retrospective case control study to analyze the two risk factors of fungi nosocomial infection was reviewed. Fixed effect model or stochastic effect model were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Three retrospective case control studyies were investigated. The primary pulmonary disease exposure rate was significantly higher than control group. Broad-spectrum antibiotic usage exposure rate had not significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Broad-spectrum antibiotic more than two weeks isn′t a risk factor but primary pulmonary disease is the risk factor for fungi nosocomial infection.

BACKGROUND: Single scattered neurons are needed in most studies on ion channels. However, artificial primary cultured neurons, for the influence from the environment, have a lot of changes in their characteristics. Comparatively, acutely isolated neurons can keep intact physiological characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To establish an ideal method for acute isolation of caudate nucleus neurons and to study their ion channels and signal transduction mechanism with patch clamp technique for the benefit of deeply understanding functions of caudate nucleus. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observational experiment on cells was performed at the Central Laboratory, Medicine Science College of China Three Gorges University from February to December in 2008. MATERIALS: Twelve 7- to 10-day-old neonatal Wistar rats, of either gender, were selected for this study. METHODS: Scattered single caudate nucleus neuron was obtained from 7- to 10-day-old neonatal Wistar rats with a combination of enzymatic and mechanical separation method. Voltage-dependent calcium currents were determined with whole-cell patch clamp technique MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Observation of morphology and electrophysiological characteristics of acutely isolated caudate nucleus neurons with whole-cell patch clamp. RESULTS: The caudate nucleus neuron acutely isolated with protease digestion and mechanical isolation method was found to have regular configuration, intact cell membrane, long neuraxons, excellent morphology and physiological nature. Their L-calcium ion channel current observation showed electrical parameters within normal physiological range, and activity of voltage-dependent calcium ion channel was well preserved. CONCLUSION: As neurons isolated in this way have normal morphology and long neuraxons, and activities of primary iron channels are well preserved, we conclude that an acute isolation method of caudate nucleus neurons from neonate rats with patch clamp technique is successfully established.

ObjectiveTo observe the influence of polyethylene glycol-conjugated hemoglobin (PEG-Hb) solution combined with cisplatin on the expression of erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor (EPO/EPOR) and tumor angiogenesis in cancer treatment.MethodsHeLa cells were injected subcutaneously into the right oxter of 3-4 weeks old BALB/c nude mice to establish cervical tumor xenograft model.Then animals were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10) and treated respectively:group 1(control); group 2,cisplatin (5 mg/kg); group 3,PEG-Hb (0.6 g/kg); group 4 cisplatin (5 mg/kg) plus PEG-Hb (0.6 g/kg).The volume oftumors in each groups were measured in 4 weeks treatment period.Efficacy was measured as percent tumor growth inhibition (TGI) relative to salinetreated group.CD31 was detected by immunohistochemistry and its expression was identified as microvascular density (MVD).Expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) and EPO/EPOR in tumor tissues were analyzed by irnmunohistochemistry.EPOR protein level was tested by western blot.ELISA method was used in measuring EPO concentration in serum.ResultsTumor volume was significantly decreased in group 4 compared with other groups.Immunoreactivity data demonstrated lower expression of CD31,HIF-1α and EPO/EPOR in group 4.The expression of EPOR in the endothelial cells was also significantly decreased in group 4.Western-blot data indicated lower EPOR protein level in group 4.Serum level of EPO was also decreased in group 4.ConclusionPEG-Hb plus cisplatin is benefit to tumor tissue oxygenation,therefore it can inhibit the tumor angiogenesis and down regulate the erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor system.The result can provide more evidence for the enhanced sensitivity effect of the artificial oxygen carrier in cancer therapy.

Objective To explore the role of fibrogenic cytokines and inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of frozen shoulder. Methods From September, 2014 to April, 2016, 20 patients with frozen shoulder accepted arthroscopic surgery were included, ten of them were diagnosed as primary frozen shoulder (group A), the other ten were secondary frozen shoulder (group B). Other ten patients undergo-ing shoulder arthroscopy for instability (4 cases), rotator cuff injury (3 cases) and subacromial impingement (3 cases) were as the controls (group C). The mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, MMP3, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and M-CSF in synovium were analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The expression of mRNA of MMP1, MMP3, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF and M-CSF were more in group A and group B than in group C (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between group A and group B (P>0.05). Conclusion The fibro-genic cytokines and inflammatory cytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of frozen shoulder.

Objective To research the pyrazinamide drug susceptibility of Mycohacterium tuberculosis,and provide reference for clinical medication and prevention.Methods Bactec MGIT 960 system was used to test the resistance of isoniazid,rifam picin,ethambutol,streptomycin and pyrazinamide for 153 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Results Of 153 Mycobacterium tuberculosis,34 were resistant to PZA,and the resistant rate was 22.2 ％.There was no PZA single drug resistance.A mong patients with and without INH resistance,RFP resistance,EMB resistance and Sm resistance,the proportions of PZA resistance were respectively 40.5 ％ (34/84) vs 0％(0/69),47.5％(29/61) vs 5.4％(5/92),75％(6/8) vs 19.3％(28/145),53.1％ (26/49) vs 7.7％ (8/104).Among the 54 multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains 53.7％ were resistant to PZA,which was significantly higher than 5.1 ％ (5/99) among the nonMDR-TB strains (x2 =47.854,P＜0.05).In multivariate logistic analysis,resistance to Sm (OR=0.270,95％CI:0.091～0.802) and MDR-TB (OR=0.281,95％CI:0.087～0.911) were risk factors to PZA resistance.Conclusion The PZA resistance rate among MDR-TB isolates was high.PZA resistance would be associated with SM resistance and MDR-TB.The drug susceptibility test for PZA is very important to MDR-TB patients.

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture at myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in treating cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type. Methods Ninety-eight patients with cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type were randomized into a treatment group of 51 cases and a control group of 47 cases. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture at the MTrPs, while the control group was by injection of medical solution for anti-inflammation and analgesia. The positive rate of rotate-cervix test, dizziness score, and visual analogue scale (VAS) of the head and neck pain were compared before and after intervention. Results After intervention, the positive rate, dizziness score, and VAS score were significantly changed in both groups (P＜0.05). There were significant differences in comparing the positive rate, dizziness score, and VAS score between the two groups after intervention (P＜0.05). The total effective rate was 96.1%in the treatment group versus 76.6%in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture at the MTrPs can improve the dizziness and head-neck pain in patients with cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type.