The rapid recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal motility is the key factor to accelerate the recovery of patients. The recovery of gastrointestinal motility is often affected by various factors, such as anesthesia and operation. The present study shows that the inhibition of stress response caused by acute pain can improve the recovery of gastrointestinal motility. Howeve, the effects of perioperative intravenous analgesics on gastrointestinal motility are not consistent. So we reviewed the effects of different intravenous analgesics on gastrointestinal motility.

Objective To compare the influence of two different managements of relief incision (exposed relaxation therapy or absorbable hemostatic gauze) in infants' palatoplasty. Methods A total of 118 infants with cleft palate between 5- to 8-month-old for the study were randomly divided into two groups: group A was exposed therapy group, and in group B both sides of relief incision were placed absorbable hemostatic gauze. The wound bleeding, body temperature, diet and incidence of fistula were observed and analyzed after operation. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative temperature, diet and wound healing (P>0. 05). The postoperative wound bleeding was statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0. 05). Conclusions Either exposed therapy or placed absorbable hemostatic gauze in relief incision, has minimal systemic and local reactions in the postoperative infant. The advantages of exposed treatment are economic and simple, and less irritant to the wound.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antagonistic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced chronic nephrotoxicity. METHODS: 54 patients underwent renal transplantation were divided into 3 groups according to dosage of salvia miltiorrhiza: CsA+high-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza group, CsA+loe-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza group (trial group) and CsA control group (control group). Plasma concentration of CsA, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (Bun), 24 h urines and 24 h urinary protein were recorded. The parameters of morphology and hemodynamics were compared among 3 groups. The differences of index among 3 groups were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The level of Scr, Bun and 24 h urinary protein in CsA+high-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza group were decreased significantly while 24 h urines was increased, compared with other 2 groups. There was significant difference among 3 groups (P0.05). The intrarenal blood flow and renal arterial resistance index were increased significantly in CsA+high-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza group. CONCLUSION: High-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza combined with CsA can reduce the CsA-induced nephrotoxicity perfently.

Objective To investigate the synergistic effect of retinol and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on maintaining pluripotency of murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Methods The mESCs were randomly divided into two groups, and they were all cultured with the same LIF concentration (100U/ml). Retinol was added into mESCs medium in experimental group, and retinol was not added in control group. 14 days after culturing, the changes in cell morphology were observed under an inverted microscope with alkaline phosphatase staining. The mRNA expression of Oct4 and Nanog was analyzed by RT-PCR, and the proteins for Oct4 and Nanog were determined by Western-blot for the assessment of the pluripotency of mESCs. Results 14 days after culturing, 78% of mESCs in the experimental group formed good cell colonies with good stereoscopic appearance, and they showed strong alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining. While in the control group, only 35% of mESCs were in undifferentiated mode, and the cells were weakly positive with AKP staining. The quantity of undifferentiated mESCs in experimental group (7.02?0.34) was higher than that in control group (4.28?0.37, P

Objective To investigate the clinical-pathological feature of careinoma showing thymus-like dif- ferentiation(CASTLE) of the thyroid. Methods The clinical data, histopathologie changes and immunohistoche- mical findings were studied in 1 case of carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation of the thyroid with review of the related literature. Results The age of the patient was 38 years old. The clinical manifestation displayed a pain- less mass in the thyroid. On ultrasound the tumor appeared hypoechoic. Histologically the tumor cells were arranged in nests and islands accompanied by desmoplasfie strorna. The architecture thus showed a superficial resemblance to the lobulation seen in thymic carcinomas. The tumor was characterized by squamoid or syheytial-appearing cells with lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm. Nuciec were oval, pale to versicular, and had small distinct nudeoli. Immunohistoche- mically the tumor cells were positive for CK, CD5, CD117 but neyative for TG, Calcitonin, SYN, NSE, TTF- 1, EBV. Conclusion CASTLE is a very rate a carcinoma thyroid with architectural resemblance to thymic epithelial tumors. The immunophenolype of CASTLE is identical with that of thymie carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the duck thymocyte surface antigens.Methods:Repeated immunization of normal BALB/c mice with separated thymocyte from mature duck result in the production of mAbs which react with duck thymocyte surface antigens.Applying the immunohistochemistry assay,tracing the originating and distributing of lymphocytes which reacted with mAb in spleen,thymus,and bursa of duck different development stages.Results:Five monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas(B6,B8,C12,E6,H5)were isolated.According to the result of immunohistochemistry assay,there were distributing strained lymphocytes in thymus,bursa and spleen of duck.The stained cells belonged to different populations.Conclusion:The mAb C12 reacted with the common cell surface marker of between mature T lymphocytes and dendritic cells.

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of central fatigue is unclear at present.The cumulation of lactic acid can play an important role in the central fatigue. Whether lactic acid can affect the neuronal functions, leading to the fatigue, needs to be examined.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of lactic acid on the survival rate of primary neurons cultured from neonate rat cortex.DESIGN: Single sample observation SETTING: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science MATERIALS: Totally 40 Wistar neonate rats (within one day) provided by Experimental Animal Center of Academe of Military Medical Science were used in this study.METHODS: This experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science from October 2003 to May 2004. Primary neurons in added , and the pH value was decreased to 7.35,7.15,6.95 and 6.00,acid was added , and the pH value was kept at 7.35 , then the survival rate of neurons were observed. We analyzed the effect of lactic acid on neuron whether through down regulating pH value or the role of lactic acid.different concentrations of lactic acid and the same pH value on viability regulating pH value and lactic acid on neuron.pH. When PH values were 7.35,7.15,6.95 and 6.00, the survival rate of concentrations of lactic acid were 0,5,10 and 20 mmol/L,pH value was constantly kept at 7.35. Viabilities of neurons were 100%, 88%, 82%,81%, respectively, with significant difference as compared with control was significan tly lower than that of corresponding lactic acid group.CONCLUSION: A close relationship exists between pH decrease induced by lactic acid and viability of neurons. Excess lactic acid can have a toxic effect on neurons independently of t on the changes in levels of pH.

Objective It has been shown that ketamine and magnesium used in combination provide more effective analgesia than either drug alone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and interaction of the two drugs on recombinantly expressed NMDA receptors. Methods Xenopus oocytes expressing NR1/NR2A or NR1/NR2B glutamate receptors were stimulated with glutamate/glycine and studied at a holding potential of -70mV using two electrode voltage clamp. The effects of magnesium and s ( + )-ketamine alone or in combination on NMDA signaling were determined. Results Magnesium and s( + )-ketamine alone inhibited NMDA receptors non-competitively. IC50s of magnesium were (4.2 ± 1.2)×10-4mol/L and (6.3 ± 2.4) × 10-4 mol/L on NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B, while IC50s of s( + )-ketamine on NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B were (4.1 ± 2.5) × 10-6 mol/L and (3.0 ± 0.3 ) × 10-6 mol/Lrespectively. Magnesium and s( + )-ketamine used in combination decreased IC50s more than 90% at both receptors. Isobolographic analysis demonstrated superadditive interactions. Conclusions s( + )-ketarnine and magnesium inhibit responses of recombinantly expressed NMDA recptors non-competitively, and the combinations of the two drugs produces a synergistic effect.

A novel method for assaying the enzymatic activity of ribosome-inactivating proteins(RIPs) has been developed.The principle of the method is based on that RIP can remove some adenine bases from double-stranded supercoiled DNA molecules,subsequently,the deadenylated DNA was cleaved into nicked and linear form.After treatment with acidic aniline,the deadenylated DNA was degraded into many small fragments,and run out of the gel.The enzymatic activities of two RIPs(trichosanthin and cinnamomin) were tested using this method,the limit of sensitivity is about 50 ng(trichosanthin) and 5 ng(reduced cinnamomin) .It should be emphasized that the merit of this method is to avoid the preparation of ribosome.

Objective In order to investigate the changes of glycogen and lactate in cortex after exercise-induced central system fatigue. Methods Central fatigue model was established according to Bedford weight/maximal oxygen uptake equation. The rats were divided into three groups: control group (C), sedentary-exhausted group (SE), and overtraining group (O). Results After 1 week exercise, compared with control group, the weight of rats in SE and O group increased slowly. BUN of SE and O group increased significantly to 4.78?1.99 mmol/L and 8.48 ?0.92 mmol/L respectively,but Hb showed no changes. Compared with C group, both DA and DA/5-HT of O group decreased dynamical which were 309.04?63.68 ng/ml?g and 0.42?0.25 respectively. The latency of SEP in O group distinctly delayed, P1: 2.98?0.55ms, N1: 4.23?0.35ms, P2: 5.28?0.60ms. Regarding to 5-HT, no significant difference was found among all groups. Cortex lactate concentration of O (1.46mg/100g )and SE(1.12 mg/100g) group were significantly higher than control group(0.92 mg/100g). There was a tendency of glycogen decrease but had no significant difference among all groups. Conclusion The results suggested that lactate and glycogen might have close relationship with central fatigue and were the possible reasons to cause central fatigue.