Chlamydia pneumoniae(Cpn) is one of the most common pathogens causing human respiratory tract infection.They cause acute respiratory tract infection,atherosclerosis and many other diseases. Cpn infection often recur or remain persistent,which may induce Th1-type response.At the same time,antibody-mediated immune and Toll like receptor play an auxiliary role.In this review,the author summarized advances in the immune response to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.

Objective To study the roles of hepatocyte cytochrome P450 2E1 in model of nonalcoholic steatosis in rats Methods A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (C) and high fat diet induced fatty liver group (H) The expression of hepatocyte cytochrome P450 2E1 antigen in rat model of nonalcoholic steatosis was detected by immunohistochemical method and Western blotting Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were also determined Results MDA contents and the expression of hepatocyte cytochrome P450 2E1 antigen in rat model of nonalcoholic steatosis induced by high fat diet were higher than those in the normal controls ( P

Objective To study the role of gastric mitochondrial DNA cytochrome C oxidases (COX) subunit Ⅱ gene and its expression in diabetic gastric motility dysfunction. Methods Seventy Wister rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetic group (STZ 60mg/Kg intraperitonealy) and control group. The changes in expressions of COX protein were assayed by Westernblot. Mitochondrial DNA COX mRNA was assayed with reverse-transcriptional polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Cytochrome C oxidase activity was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Results Gastricelectric dysrythmia was more frequently delected in diabetic rats, and the COX activity in diabetic rats was 0.41?0.21/min, which was significantly lower than that in normal rats (0.78?0.37/min). The expression of gastrointestinal COX protein and COX gene in diabetic gastroparesis rats were markedly decreased compared with normal rats. Conclusion Cytochrome C oxidases activity was greatly reduced in diabetic rats. Diabetic gastroparesis was associated with down-regulation of the expression of gastrointestinal mtDNA encoding COX gene and protein. These changes might play a key role in pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis

Objective To investigate the relationship between mitochondrial membrane potential change and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells of the small intestine in diabetic rats. Methods Seventy Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: diabetic group(STZ60mg/kg intraperitonealy) and control group.The gastric empty time and intestinal transit were determined in diabetic rats 2 months after the reproduction of diabetes. Mitochondrial membrane potential in small intestinal smooth muscle cells was determined by the change in the intensity of labeling rhodamine 123 with lasor scanning confocal micrographs, and apoptosis index was assessed with the technique of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d-UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) test and flow cytometry.The changes in expression of cytochrome C were determined by Western blotting. Results The mitochondrial membrane potential of small intestine smooth musele cells was significantly lowered in diabetic rats compared with normal rats. Apoptosis index in diabetic rats was significantly higher than that of normal as shown by TUNEL technic. Apoptosis rate in diabetic rats was 15%, and it was significantly higher than that of normal rat (P

Objective To study the change in cytosolic Ca 2+ in smooth muscle cells in gastric antrum of diabetic rat. Methods Rats were randomly divided into diabetic group and control group. Gastric empty time was determined 3 months after diabetes was reproduced in rats, the apoptosis rate of smooth muscle cells in the gastric antrum was assessed by flow cytometry, and the content of cytosolic Ca 2+ in smooth muscle cells was measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results In diabetic rats, gastric emptying was significantly delayed. Compared the normal rats, the content of cytosolic Ca 2+ in smooth muscle cells from the antrum of diabetic rats was increased. The apoptosis rate of smooth muscle cells in the antrum of diabetic rats was 15%, and it was higher than that in normal rats. Conclusion With the increase in the content of cytosolic Ca 2+ in smooth muscle cells, smooth muscles were damaged and therefore their contraction was also impaired.

Objective To study the role of nitriergic nerves in the myenteric plexus of the gastric antrum in diabetic rats with motor disorder. Methods Rats were randomly divided into diabetic group and control group. Electrogastrogram was recorded, and the number of cholinergic nerves in the myenteric plexus of the gastric antrum was counted 3 months after reproducing diabetes in the model group. Results In the rats of diabetic group, gastro-electric dysrhythmia was observed more frequently, and the number of nitriergic cells in the myenteric nerves was significantly decreased compared with control group. Conclusion The changes in nitriergic nerves in the myenteric plexus of the gastric antrum might be one of the mechanisms of gastro-electric dysrhythmia and gastric motility disorders in diabetic rats.

Objective To study the expression and effect of hepatocyte mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunitsⅠ (COXⅠ) gene in rat nonalcoholic fatty liver model. Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and high-fat diet group, and the high-fat diet group was subsequently divided into 4 subgroups (2, 4, 8 and 12 week) with 8 rats in each. Cytochrome c oxidase activity was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Meanwhile,the expression of hepatocyte COXⅠ antigen in rat nonalcoholic steatosis model induced by high fat diet were detected by Western blotting. Mitochondrial DNA COXⅠ mRNA were assayed by reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results The levels of activity in nonalcoholic steatosis rats induced by high fat diet at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks were (0.88?0.32), (0.76?0.37), (0.48?0.26), (0.39?0.21) nmol?mg~ -1 ?min~ -1 , respectively, significantly lower than (0.98?0.37) nmol?mg~ -1 ?min~ -1 in control group (P

Objective:To determine taurocholic acid (TCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) in artificial snake gall. Methods: HPLC was used in the quantitative analysis with spherisorb C 18 column, methyl alcohol 0.02 mol/L phosphric buffer (60∶40) as a mobile phase and detection wavelength at 210nm. Results: The linear range of TCA was from 0.28672 mg/mL to 2.8672 mg/mL, and the linear range of TDCA was from 0.26842 mg/mL to 2.6842 mg/mL. The average recoveries were 97.65% for TCA and 95.81% for TDCA. RSD were 0.79% and 3.27%, respectively. Conclusion: This method is simple and accurate.

Objective To study the effect of carbachol(CCH) on membrane potential of smooth muscle cells of gastric antrum of diabetic rats to verify the mechanism of gastric motility disturbance.Methods Fifty healthy Wistar rats of 2-month old,weighing 100-160 g,were divided into the control group(n=20) and diabetes mellitus group(n=30).Three months after the establishment of the rat model of diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin,gastric emptying time and gastric electrical activity were measured,and the resting membrane potentials of smooth muscle cells in antrum were measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy,then treated with carbachol of 10~(-9) mmol/L,10~(-8) mmol/L,10~(-7) mmol/L,the membrane potentials were measured.Results As compared with the normal rats,gastric emptying time in diabetic rats was significantly longer and abnormal gastric electric rhythm was significantly increased,the abnormal rhythm index(ARI) and the coefficient of variation(CV) of slow wave frequency in diabetic rats were significantly higher,but the resting membrane potentials remained unchanged and the sensitivity of CCH-induced membrane depolarization was increased.Conclusion The increase of sensitivity of CCH-induced membrane depolarization may be involved in the diabetes-induced gastric motor disorders.

Objective To investigate relationship between serum level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)and short-term prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods Ninetynine patients with AMl with elevated S-T segment in electrocardiogram admitted to the department of cardiology,the Fourth Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun during January to December 2008 were divided into two groups.one with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA)or pereutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)(61 eases)and the other without PTCA(38 cases)as controls.Their serum levels of BNP were measured at admission, and one day and seven days after admission,respectively,and their main adverse cardiac events(MACE)were followed-up and recorded for 30 days.Results No significant differenee in serum BNP level between the patients at admission and one day after admission was found(P＜0.01).Seven days after admission,serum BNP level in PCI group was significantly lower than that in controls(P＜0.01),and occurrence of MACE was significantly lower in PCI group than that in controls(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum BNP level in PCI group seven days after admission was the uppermost predictor for MACE in patients with AMI in one month after onset(OR=1.026,95%CI 1.014-1.038,P＜0.01).Serum BNP level was significantly higher in patients with MACE seven days after admission than that in those without it(P＜0.01)during 30-day followup.Conclusion Serum level of BNP seven days after admission is associated with their short-term prognosisfor patients with AMI.