It is common chronic peripheral arterial occlusive disease for arteriosclerosis obliterans which often causes severe limb ischemia and gangrene. Professor SHANG De-jun has accumulated a wealth of experience in diagnosis and treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans and achieved significant clinical efficacy. At the first, Professor SHANG pays attention to a clear diagnosis, stages and grades of disease. He also attaches importance to combination of whole syndrome differentiation and local syndrome differentiation, disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation. According to syndrome differentiation, the disease is treated with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine which fully reflects speculative characteristics of SHANG, such as, combination of syndrome differentiation and the drug infusion, combination of internal and external therapeutics, application of promoting blood circulation during the whole treatment course.

In order to improve the reference service, the necessity to provide reference service for translational medicine in academic library was analyzed and the translational medicine-based reference service in Library of Qingdao University was elaborated from the aspects of its contents and ways with the existing problems and weaknesses summarized.

BACKGROUND:It is confirmed that astrocytes can differentiate into neurons by Neurogenin2 gene regulation, suggesting that Schwann cells may also differentiate into neurons by gene regulation.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility of Schwann cells differentiating into neurons by Neurogenin2 gene regulation.
METHODS:Rats Schwann cells were isolated, purified and identified. Then the Schwann cells were transfected with Neurogenin2 via green fluorescent protein gene-plentivirus. To induce neuronal differentiation, the Schwann cells were cultured in serum-free Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor for 2 weeks. The morphology of induced cells was observed by microscope, and myelin basic protein and neuron-specific enolase were detected by immunocytochemistry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After transfection with Neurogenin2 via green fluorescent protein gene-plentivirus and induced differentiation, immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that 12.56%of the induced cellexpressed neuron-specific enolase, but the control group did not express neuron-specific enolase. Neurogenin2 gene-transfected Schwann cells can express neuron-specific enolase, suggesting Neurogenin2 gene may regulate transdifferentiation of Schwann cells into neurons.

0.05).(3) The ratio of meticillin-resistant staphylococci was 91.5%.The ratio of resistance of staphylococci to(gentamicin),(erythromycin),ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was all above 50%,but was low to(nitrofurantoin) and rifampin.In 12 strains of Enterococcus faecalis,3 strains were VRE;8 resisted to high-level gentamicin;6 resisted to high-level streptomycin;the resistance rate to tetracycline,ciprofloxacin,rifampin and(erythromycin) ranged from 58.3% to 100.0%.In E.coli,8 of 14 isolates were positive for ESBLs.The resistance was high to usual antibiotics except imipenem,amikacin and Tazocillin.CONCLUSIONS Bacteria are the main pathogens of chronic prostatitis and terribly resist to clinical usual antibiotics.Infection with Uu,Mh and Ct should not be(ignored).It is necessary to diagnose and treat chronic prostatitis according to the results of pathogen(isolation) and drug sensitivity test.

Objective The purpose of this study is to determine whether atrial expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-13,) is altered in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and chronic atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods Atrial tissue was obtained from the right atrial appendage during heart surgery from 35 patients. In 27 patients with rheumatic heart disease, 8 patients had no history of AF, and 19 had chronic persistent AF (≥6 months cAF). Other 8 patients with congenital heart disease had no history of AF were the control group.The mRNA expression of HGF, CTGF, TGF-β1, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ was measured by the real-time fluorescence quota polymerase chain reaction (real time PCR). The fibrosis of right atrial appendage was detected by HE and Masson staining. Results The amount of CTGF, TGF-β1, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ was significantly increased in patients with sinus rhythm compared with the control group (P<0.05) and further increased in patients with chronic AF compared with patients with sinus rhythm (P<0.05). The amount of HGF was significantly decreased in patients with chronic AF compared with patients with sinus rhythm and the control group (P<0.05). But the difference of the latter two groups was not statistically significant.Correlation analysis demonstrated that the mRNA expression of collagen Ⅰ , collagen Ⅲ, TGF-β1, and CTGF in right atrial appendage of RHD and AF was positively correlated with the left atrial diameter and the area of myocardial fibrosis. Conclusion In human atrium with RHD, the mRNA expression of collagen Ⅰ , collagen Ⅲ, CTGF and TGF-β1, is up-regulated. HGF has anti-fibrosis function and the down-regulation of its mRNA expression in patients with RHD may be an important factor in the initiation or maintenance of AF.

Objective:Intracellular cytokine staining(ICCS) is applied to the detection of the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)from subjects of different HLA A 02 supertype to influenza A matrix peptide.Methods:HLA A 02 subtype were identified by the way of SSP methods;PBMC from subjects with HLA A 02 were cocultured with influenza A matrix peptide (IMP) which was HLA A*0201 restricted CTL epitope, secreting cytokine such as IL 2, IFN ?,TNF ? were measured by ICCS.Results:PBMC from HLA A 02 positive subjects had memory immune response to IMP.Conclusion:①The method of ICCS can be used for quantitive detecting T cell activating status specificly;②the memory immune response to IMP58 66 peptide exists in all of the HLA A 02 positive persons;③among different HLA A 02 subtype, there are cross reactivity to HLA A 0201restricted peptide.

Objective To dynamically observe the effect of mild hypothermia on concentration of plasma S-100B protein in patients with acute severe brain injuries so as to further explore its role in treat-ment of acute severe brain injury. Methods A total of 120 patients with acute severe brain injuries were randomly divided into mild hypothermia group and general group. The patients in mild hypothermia group were treated with mild hypothermia besides conventional therapy, with maintenance of rectal tem-perature at 33℃-35℃ for 3-5 days. Serial concentration of S-IOOB protein in serum was measured in all patients from 6 hours to 6 days after hospitalization. GOS evaluation was done three months after treat-ment. Results The concentration of S-100B protein in serum of mild hypothermia group and general group was significantly higher than of normal group (P <0.05), with significant lower level in mild hypo-thermia group than general group(P <0.05). Mild hypothermia could improve prognosis of patients with acute severe brain injury. Conclusions Early use of mild hypothermia can decrease concentration of S-100B protein in serum, protect neurofunction and improve prognosis, as may be related to its function in alleviating damnification brain cell inflammation reaction mediated by S-100B protein.

BACKGROUND:Articular cartilage repair has been a difficulty in the clinical setting, which is mainly treated with autologous or al ogeneic osteochondral grafts, and cartilage periosteum or periosteum grafts. However, the limited source, secondary lesion and immunological rejection force some researchers to search for a novel treatment strategy, cartilage tissue engineering, that is of great significance for cartilage regeneration and repair. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the tissue-engineered scaffolds for the repair of articular cartilage defects. METHODS:The first author searched the PubMed and WanFang databases for the articles addressing tissue-engineered cartilage for articular cartilage defects published between 1991 and 2015 using the keywords“articular cartilage defect, scaffold, tissue engineered cartilage”in English and Chinese, respectively. The irrelative and repetitive literatures were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Final y 48 eligible literatures were enrol ed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cartilage tissue engineering possesses the advantages of control ability, little damage to tissue itself, and biological repair of injured cartilage. Tissue-engineered scaffold material is a critical factor in tissue engineering construction;therefore, it should hold biodegradability and histocompatibility. The commonly used scaffold materials include natural macromolecule materials (col agen, silk fibroin and chitosan), and synthetic polymer materials (polylactic acid and tricalcium phosphate). It is necessary to prepare composite scaffolds with high bioactivity integrate advantages of each material. The tissue engineering is bound to be a hotspot in the field of articular cartilage repair.

AIM:To investigate the effects of silymarin on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury in rats and its possible molecular mechanisms.METHODS: Fifty-eight male SD rats,weighting 230-250 g,were divided into four groups randomly: normal control(n=12);acute lung injury group(n=15),receiving intravenous LPS(O55∶B5,5 mg/kg);silymarin alone group(50 mg/kg,n=15);intervention group(n=16,receiving silymarin 50 mg/kg and LPS 5 mg/kg).The specimens were collected 6 hours later.The following changes,including blood gas analysis,the lung wet/dry weight ratio,the pulmonary vascular permeability,histological manifestations,lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity,the levels of TNF-?,IL-1?,MCP-1 and SOD,GSH-Px as well as malonaldehyde and conjugated diene in plasma and lung tissue,were observed.RESULTS: Compared with control group,the lungs of the rats in LPS treatment group showed significant hyperemia and spotted hemorrhage.The inflammatory granulocyte infiltrating,diffused alveolar septum thickening and spotted hemorrhage were observed in pathological examinations.The lung wet/dry weight ratio and Evans blue content(per gram) increased significantly after LPS treatment.The myeloperoxidase activity in plasma and lung tissue,the levels of TNF-?,IL-1?,MCP-1 and SOD,GSH-Px as well as malonaldehyde and conjugated diene were increased significantly in LPS treatment group.However,in intervention groups,all the above-mentioned measurements were reversed significantly by silymarin treatment compared with LPS treatment group.CONCLUSION: Silymarin may decrease inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress,and further decrease lung damage induced by LPS in rats,all indicating protection of silymarin against acute lung injury.

Objective: To investigate the effects of grasp seed procyanidins(GSP,原青花素) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced acute lung injury(ALI) in rats with renal function damage and the related possible molecular mechanisms.Methods: The homogenates of lung and kidney were prepared and venous blood were collected at 6 hours after injection of LPS and medicine.The changes of contents of creatinine(Cr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),lactic acid(Lac) and nitric oxide(NO) in the blood were measured.The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor?(TNF-?),interleukin-1?(IL-1?),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and IL-6 in the serum,lung and renal cortex tissue homogenate in various groups.The histopathological changes of lung tissues were observed.The pulmonary vascular permeability and the lung wet/dry(W/D) weight ratio were determined;the malonaldehyde(MDA) content,Na+K+-ATPase,superoxide dismutase(SOD),myeloperoxidase(MPO) and glutathion peroxidase(GSH-Px) activities in lung and renal tissues were also determined.Changes of mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPKs) were detected by Western blotting,and the combination activity of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) to DNA was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in lung tissues.Results: ①Compared with the normal rats in control group,the lungs of the rats in LPS treatment group and GSP group had significant hyperemia and spotted hemorrhage.The inflammatory granulocyte infiltration,diffuse alveolar septum thickening and spotted hemorrhage were observed in the pathological examinations,while in LPS plus GSP group the above mentioned pathological changes were milder.②Compared with control group,the lung W/D and pulmonary vascular permeability were much higher in the LPS treatment groups(P