Objective To investigate complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for augmentation mammaplasty and treatment of the complications so as to reduce the suffering of the patients to the lowest degree. Methods The clinical signs of 8 cases who had complications after polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for augmentation mammaplasty were studied. Results The complications of 8 cases included bleeding, hard nodule, aseptic inflammation and difficulty to clean the filling material completely from the normal tissue of human body. Conclusions The complications mainly result from improper procedure during the operation. Cautious attitude should be taken in the clinical application of this material and it should not be abused. Furthermore, the standard and appropriate method and technique for the operation should be employed.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and X-ray changes of cervical vertigo patients caused by cervical instability before and after the manipulation treatment in supine position. METHODS: Sixteen cervical vertigo patients who underwent supine manipulation treatment were reviewed retrospectively. After the treatment, the changes of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of cervical vertebral artery and X-ray of cervical spine were observed. RESULTS: Before the treatment, the mean blood flow velocity of vertebral artery was (48.6+/-3.1) cm/s, much higher than that of the normal group (P<0.05), the means of the horizontal displacement of C3,4 and C4,5 were (3.18+/-0.42) mm and (3.46+/-0.26) mm respectively. After the treatment, the blood flow velocity and the C3,4 horizontal displacement decreased significantly (P<0.05). The effective rate of the manipulation treatment was 100%. CONCLUSION: The manipulation treatment is an effective method for cervical vertigo patients caused by cervical instability, and the effect is correlated with the improvement of the blood flow of cervical artery and the restoration of cervical stability.

Objective To compare the effects of fibrin glue adhesion or epineurium suture on repairing injured peripheral nerves. Methods 20 male rats were randomly divided into two groups: group fibrin glue adhesion (n=10) and group suture (n=10). Left sciatic nerves of rats were made repaired nerves models. The nerves of 8 rats in each group underwent electrophysiological and histological examination at the 8th week postoperatively. The nerve specimens of other 2 rats in each group were examined under transmission electron microscope. Results Nerve fibers alignment in group adhesion was more regular than that of group suture at the 8th week after operation. There were significant differences in delayed ratio of latency of motor nerve, nerve fibers cross ratio, recovery ratio of sectional area of myelinated fibers and recovery ratio of muscle wet weight between the two groups( t =2 32, P =0 032; t =2 43, P =0 029; t =2 39, P =0 030; t =2 36, P =0 031). Conclusions Adhesion of fibrin glue for the repair of injured peripheral nerves is an effective method.

Objective To explore the clinical application of sural neurovascular flap with anastomosing small saphenous vein to be transferred distally for repairing soft tissue defect of the leg.Methods Seven patients with soft tissue defects in the distal one third of anterior tibia,the foot dorsum,the heel or the ankle were treated with the distally based sural neurovascular flap with anastomosing small saphenous vein.The size of the flap ranged 8 cm?6 cm ~ 18 cm?10 cm.Results The flaps survived in all the 7 patients,with excellent color and texture.Their appearance and function were satisfactory during 6~40 months of follow-up. Conclusions Use of distally based sural neurovascular flap with anastomosing small saphenous vein is reliable.The performance is simple.This flap has a rich blood supply without the sacrifice of major arteries.Venous blood reflux was unobstructed.It can be used for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the distal one third of anterior tibia,the foot dorsum,the heel or the ankle.

Objective To evaluate segmental resection of involved portal vein (PV) in the surgical treatment of advanced pancreatic carcinoma (PC). MethodsIn our 22 advanced PC patients involving PV and/or superior mesenteric vein (SMV) extended pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy plus extensive regional lymph node clearance were performed and cancer involved PV and/or SMV segment were resected enbloc. Results Among 22 cases, 6 underwent wedge resection and repairment of PV or SMV. Eight underwent segmental resection of PV or SMV followed by end-to-end anastomosis in 5,autotransplantation of great saphenous vein in 2, mesocaval shunt in one. The mean operation time was 7 5?h, the average blood transfusion was 600?ml, and there was no mortality in all cases. All 22 patients were followed up with a postoperative survival of 6 mos in one, 12 mos in 3, 18 mos in 6 cases, 24 mos in 8 and 36 mos in 4 cases. ConclusionsIt is rationale to resect the advanced PC en bloc with the cancer involved segment of PV and/or SMV in terms of low morbidity and long postoperative survival.

In addition to kill tumor cells through direct cytotoxicity, the immunomodulatory activity is another facet of chemotherapy. The major molecular mechanisms of immunogenicity of cytotoxic drugs are elimination of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ regulatory T cells or Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, and sensitization of tumor cells to immune effectors through modulation of death receptor expression. These studies provide scientific evidence for combinatorial treatments including vaccines and Traditional Chinese Medicine for cancer therapy.

BACKGROUND: Studies demonstrated that vertebral endplate can be remodeled during intervertebral disc degeneration.However,the relationship between morphology of the vertebral endplate and intervertebral disc degeneration remains poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the morphology of the vertebral endplate and the lumbar disc herniation.METHODS: Forty cases without previous spine disorder and sixty-two cases symptomatic lumbar disc herinations lumbar vertebral were scanned by using spiral CT.Scan range was from superior L4 to superior S2.Scan protocols as below: 140 kV,345 mAs,FOV 160 mm,layer of thick 1 mm,pitch 1.0.Original images were carried through three-dimensional reconstructions using O2 image work station,W300,C80,ZOOM=1.5,Expand 1.Intervertebral disc maximum anteroposterior,transverse diameter,circumference,area and shape were measured based on curve planar reconstruction.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Endplate shape was strongly related to disc herniation(all the P value < 0.01).Endplate area was a less significant factor L4/5 in men and L5/S1 in men and females(P < 0.05).The shape of the intervertebral body endplate margin is an important factor contributing to the development of disc herniation at L4/5 and L5/S1.

Objective To evaluate the effct of full increase of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy on esophageal carcinoma.Methods 86 Esophageal cancer patients which has been pathologically confirmed were randomly divided into study group and control group.The control group showed in tumor invasion scope simulator under barium meal positioning,with three fields outside irradiation;Total dose of DT with 63～70 Gy,35 times,seven weeks to complete.Study group showed that full use of additional 3D treatment planning system design individualized treatment programs,90% of the dose contains all planned target volume,future confonnal irradiation DY 44～50 Gy,after the wild-shrinkage increases to a total dose DT66～75 Gy,30 times,completed six weeks.Results The study group and the control group after radiotherapy in a local control rates were 86.4%and 64.3%(x2=4.5420,P＜0.05).Overall response rate(CR+PR)in two group were 93.2%and 76.2%(x2=3.6014,P=0.0577).Two toxicity of the difference was not significant.Conclusion The increase in full three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy of esophageal emleer in the near future is better than conventional methods.

Objective To develop the questionnaire of medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia.Methods Delphi method was used in this study.The questionnaire of medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia was developed based on two rounds of consultation among 14 experts.Results The questionnaire of medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia consisted of 3 dimensions,7 items of each dimension.Conclusions The questionnaire can be used as the tool of evaluation of medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia.Further theoretical and empirical study is needed to verify the questionnaire.

High myopia is a common blinding eye disease with high specificity and population genetic heterogeneity.It has emerged as a major public health concern,which is often accompanied by many severe associated comorbidities,including retinal detachment,cataract and glaucoma.While rarely effective treatment Is found so far.This article reviews recent advances in understanding genetic mechanism of high myopia,such as mode of inheritance,MYP locus and candidate genes.