Homo sapiens PDCD10(programmed cell death 10,alias,"TF-1 cell apoptosis related gene 15,TFAR15"),cloned by means of cDNA-representational differences analysis,had been initially identified associated with cell apoptosis.Recent research suggested mutations within the PDCD10 gene or deletion were responsible for cerebral cavernous malformations,and PDCD10 was the third CCM gene.On the other hand,other research demonstrated that PDCD10 was strictly modulated and up regulated in many kinds of tumors,which implicated that PDCD10 participated in tumorous signal transduction.The recent research confirmed that PDCD10 interacts with MST4,a member of Ste20-related kinases,and the interaction promoted cell proliferation and transformation via modulation of the ERK-MARK pathway.In conclusion,all these demonstrate that PDCD10 has many biological effects,which suggests that it is a novel player in vascular morphogenesis and/or remodeling,as well as tumorigenesis and cancer progression.

Objective To explore the clinical application value of multi-slice spiral CT angiography.Methods 28 patients who were suspected cerebrovascular disease were taken cerebrovascular enhanced scan by 16-slice spiral CT,and VR,MIP and MPR post -processing were uset to reconstmct the cerebrovascular image.Results In 28 patients,11 cases were normal,17 cases were abnormal,and among these patients there were 8 cases of abnormal blood vessels,4 cases of aneurysms,1 case of cerebral arteriovenous malformation,4 cases of cerebral artery stenosis.Conclusion The multi-slice CT compared with ordinary spiral CT had the advantage of faster and more secure.It had an important role in guiding the screening and clinical treatment programs in cerebral infarction patients with suspected cerebral artery stenosis.It had a lot of advantages in diagnosis vascular disease and clinical observation after treatment.

Forty girls with Turner's syndrome (TS),aged (12.6 ± 1.9) years,were treated with daily subcutaneous injection of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH,1.0 ～ 1.1 IU · kg-1 · w-1) and oral stanozolol (0.02 ～ 0.04 mg · kg-1 · d-1) for 1 ～ 5 years.Growth velocity (GV),height standard deviation score (SDS) by reference of healthy Chinese girls (HtSDSNor) and height SDS by reference of untreated Chinese TS girls (HtSDSTs)were evaluated regularly.Of the forty girls studied,thirteen had discontinued the treatment after a mean duration of (2.9 ± 1.2)years when GV was less than 2 cm/year or when patients were satisfied with the achieved height.Final adult height (FAH) or near-final height,which was defined as the most recent available height after discontinuation of treatment,and the height gained in the thirteen girls were evaluated.Estrogen therapy was started at the age of(16.0 ± 1.1) years.HtSDSNor increased from-4.2 ± 1.0 to-3.4 ± 1.0 in the first year,and-2.8 ± 1.0,-2.4 ± 0.8,-2.5 ± 0.5,-2.3 ±0.3 respectively in the 2nd,3rd,4th,and 5th year.The change in HtSDSTs was similar to HtSDSNor.It was increased from 0.1 ± 0.9 to 1.0 ± 0.9 in the first year,and to 1.5 ± 0.8,1.9 ± 0.6,1.7 ± 0.4,1.7 ± 0.2 in the subsequent 4 years.The predicted adult height (PAH) in 13 girls was (142.8 ± 4.2) cm before treatment.FAH was (151.7 ± 4.1) cm,which was significantly higher than PAH (P＜0.01),and the mean height gain was (8.9 ± 2.8) cm (5.1 ～ 12 cm).FAHSDSNor was increased to-1.6 ± 0.8 from-3.8 ± 0.8.For girls with TS around 9 years of age,combined therapy with rhGH and low dosage of stanazolol may significantly increase growth velocity and improve final adult height.

Objective To assess the efficacy and impact factors of treatment with Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) in central precocious puberty (CPP) or early and fast puberty (EFP) girls in a retrospective unicenter study.Methods One hundred and two girls (75 CPP and 27 EFP) were treated with GnRHa alone and were followed up to their final adult hight (FAH).Results FAH was (158.0 ± 4.8) cm,being significantly higher than pretreatment predicted adult height [(151.1 ±5.1) cm,P＜0.01].There was no significant difference between CPP [(7.3 ± 4.4) cm] and EFP [(5.5 ± 4.5) cm] in net height gain.There was no significant improvement in FAH and pretreatment PAH for the patients who had menarche before treatment or whose growth velocity was less than 4 cm during the first year.Conclusion GnRHa treatment improves FAH efficiently for both CPP and EFP girls.Nevertheless,those who had menarche before treatment or whose growth velocity was less than 4 cm during the first year can hardly improve FAH by GnRHa treatment alone.

Objective To observe the final adult height of 20 boys with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) treated with slow-releasing gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue(GnRHa).Methods Twenty boys with ICPP were treated with GnRHa for( 20.0 ± 6.1 ) months.At the beginning of therapy,mean chronological age and bone age was( 11.4 ± 1.0 ) years and ( 13.0 ± 0.4 ) years,respectively,GnRHa was discontinued when the boys reached the chronological age and bone age of( 13.2 ± 1.1 ) years and ( 13.7 ± 0.6 ) years,respectively.After the end of treatment,all the boys had been followed up for( 3.3 ± 1.5 ) years and had achieved adult height.Comparisons were made among their predicted adult height ( PAH ),final adult height ( FAH ),and target height ( THt ).The long-term outcome of final adult height in boys with ICPP was investigated after GnRHa treatment.Results All the boys reached target height range.Final height was similar to the target height [ ( 169.8 ± 5.8 vs 167.8 ± 4.6 ) cm,P＞0.05 ].The height gain,defined as the difference between predicted adult height at the start of treatment using the height SDS for bone age and actual adult height was( 3.62 ± 3.57 ) cm with the residual growth capacity of ( 11.82 ±3.99)cm,PAH significantly improved after GnRHa treatment compared with before treatment [ ( 169.0 ± 5.0 vs166.2 ± 4.2 ) cm,P＜0.01 ].There were no differences among PAH,FAH,and THt.Conclusion GnRHa treatment improves final height within the range of target height in boys with central precocious puberty.

Objective To investigate the role of r-aminobutyric acid B receptor in the development of liver fibrosis.Methods Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups including a control group,a model group,a baclofen group,and a CGP35348 group.Liver fibrosis was then induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).Baclofen and CGP35348 treatment were carried out after the formation of liver fibrosis,followed by complete extraction of the eyeball to obtain blood sample to test liver function.Liver tissue specimens were cut and stored for histological staining,histochemistry,real-time polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR),and western blot analysis.Results Histological staining indicated that the degree of liver fibrosis was more severe in the CGP35348 group than in the baclofen group (P＜0.001).The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT),total bilirubin (TBil),and direct bilirubin (DBil) were significantly lower in the baclofen group than in the CGP35348 group (P＜0.01).The levels of ALT,AST,GGT,TBil,and DBil were significantly higher in the CGP35348 group than in the model group (P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence results show that the hepatic cell migration was inhibited in the baclofen group.Western blot results showed that the expression levels of α-SMA protein were significantly lowered in the baclofen group when compared to that of the CGP35348 group and model group (P＜0.01).Conclusion GABAB receptor might play a role in the liver protection by inhibition of migration of hepatic cells in liver fibrosis.Further studies into the mechanism behind this function are further needed and may be a potential source of future anti-fibrotic treatment.

Objective: To obtain monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death 10(PDCD10) for further study of the structure and function of PDCD10 protein.Methods: Balb/c mice were immunized with recombinant PDCD10,hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against PDCD10 were screened by regular cell fusion and subcloning approach.The specificities of these monoclonal antibodies were determined by ELISA,Western blotting and Immunofluorescecence assay.Results: Three hybridoma cell lines(5G1,4F7 and 3H5) stable in secreting specific monoclonal antibodies were successfully obtained.Subclass of IgG belonged to IgG1(4F7 and 5G1)and IgG2b(3H5),respectively.The ascite titers of these monoclonal antibodies reached 1∶10~7.They could specifically bind to recombinant PDCD10 and endogenous and overexpressed PDCD10 proteins proved by ELISA and Western blotting.They failed to react with E.coli lysates and glutathione S-transferase(GST).In addition,these three monoclonal antibodies could recognize different epitopes of PDCD10 proteins assessed by immune fluorescence competitive binding assay.Both endogenous and overexpressed PDCD10 protein mainly located in the nucleus.Conclusion: Monoclonal antibodies against PDCD10 with high titers and specificity have been successfully prepared,which has laid the foundation for further study of PDCD10 protein.

Objective To assess the effect of early menarche and treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs ( GnRHa ) in girls with central precocious puberty ( CPP ) or early and fast puberty ( EFP ) on menstrual regularity. Methods Six hundred and ten healthy girls were recruited and their menarche age and menstrual cycle were recorded. 169 CPP or EFP girls treated with GnRHa were followed up, and their menarche age and menstrual cycle were also recorded. Results There were 129 girls with irregular menstruation among 610 healthy girls(21. 1%), with 10 in 44 early menarche girls(22. 7%) and 11 in 44 late menarche girls(25. 0%). Compared with normal menarche girls(17. 2%), no significant difference was found in the incidences of irregular menstruation in early and late menarche girls. The incidences of dysmenorrhea were 41. 1% in normal girls and 50. 0% in early menarche girls, without significant difference. There was a higher incidence of irregular menstruation in 113 CPP girls and 56 EFP girls treated with GnRHa compared with healthy girls (31. 4% vs 21. 1%, P<0. 05), but without difference compared with early menarche girls(P>0. 05). Fifty-seven cases treated with GnRHa(33. 7%) suffered from dysmenorrhea, and there was no significant difference as compared with healthy girls and girls with early menarche. Conclusion The incidence of irregular menstruation was similar in early menarche girls and normal girls. CPP and EFP girls with GnRHa treatment had a significantly higher incidence of irregular menstruation than normal girls, but no difference was found as compared with girls with early menarche. Early menarche and GnRHa treatment did not affect the incidence of dysmenorrhea.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of combined treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue ( GnRHa) and growth hormone ( GH) on the linear growth in mid-and late pubertal girls at great bone ages with central precocious puberty ( CPP) or early and fast puberty ( EFP) , and to determine the relation between C-type natriuretic pep-tide ( CNP) signaling pathway and the accelerative effect of GH on long bone growth in these girls.METHODS:Twenty-two girls were diagnosed as CPP or EFP, whose bone ages were older than 11.5 years with impaired predicted adult height ( PAH) , and divided into GnRHa treatment group ( treated with GnRHa alone, slow-release of triptorelin 60~80 μg/kg every 4 weeks, im) and combined treatment group ( treated with GnRHa and GH, 1 U/kg GH every week for 6~7 times, sc) .The height, weight and pubertal stage were determined every 3 months.At the beginning and after 6 months of the treatment, the bone age was evaluated and the serum concentrations of amino-terminal pro-C-type natriuretic peptide ( NT-proCNP), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) were measured. Height velocity ( HV) , height SD score for bone age ( HtSDSBA ) , PAH and the serum indexes mentioned above were com-pared at the beginning and the end of the treatment.RESULTS: After 6 months of the treatment, HV, ΔHtSDSBA andΔPAH of the girls treated with GnRHa +GH were statistically higher than those of the girls given GnRHa alone ( P <0.01).Serum concentrations of NTproCNP, P1NP and IGF-1 were not significantly different between the beginning and the end of the 6-month combined treatment.The girls treated with GnRHa alone showed a significant decrease in both serum NTproCNP and P1NP levels (P<0.05) and no significant change of serum IGF-1 level after 6 months of the treatment. CONCLUSION:In the CPP or EFP girls who are in mid-and late puberty and at great bone ages, the combined treatment with GnRHa and GH may accelerate linear growth and improve predicted adult height.This effect of GH is not attributed to the change of serum IGF-1 level, and may be related in part to the acceleration of CNP-mediated long bone growth.

[Objective] To observe the efficacy of metformin treatment on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children.[Methods] A retrospective analysis was performed of 10 patients over 10 years old with NAFLD from July 10,2013 to August 23,2016.These patients were treated with metformin in pediatric endocrinology outpatient department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.The changes of liver ultrasonography,hepatic enzymes,blood lipids,blood glucose,insulin,HOMA-IR,BMI,and waist circumference height ratio were compared before and after treatment with metformin.[Results] There were 10 cases of NASH,including 5 boys and 5 girls.The short-term treatment of metformin reduced the levels of ALT,AST,and HOMA-IR for all 10 patients (P ＜ 0.01).ALT,gradually decreased with the course of treatment.Fasting insulin and waist circumference to height ratio also improved with the treatment (P ＜ 0.05);the changes of TG,BMI,and fast glucose were not obvious (P ＞ 0.05).[Conclusion] Metformin can effectively reduce liver enzymes and improve insulin sensitivity in children with NASH in short term,the improvement of TG and BMI in short term is not obvious.