Objective To adopt the network meta analysis method to compare the incidence difference of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma(SCC)and rash in 5 kinds of targeted drugs regimen for treating malignant melanoma.Methods PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were retrieved by computer.The retrieval range was from their establishment to November 2015.The network meta analysis pooled the evidences of direct and indirect comparison for evaluating the pooled odds ratio(OR)and cumulative probability of cutaneous complications occurrence difference in 5 kinds of targeted drugs regimen for treating malignant melanoma.Results Six randomized controlled trials(RCTs)conforming to the inclusion criteria were included.The meta analysis results revealed that compared with Dabrafenib+Trametinib,the cutaneous SCC occurrence rate of Vemurafenib was higher(OR=9.20,95％CI=1.26-52.53),while the rash occurrence rate of Vemurafenib+Cobimetinib was higher(OR=6.81,95％CI=1.01-41.87).The surface under the cumulative ranking curves(SUCRA)value showed that adopting Trametinib had the lowest occurrence rate for SCC,and adopting Dabrafenib+Trametinib had the lowest occurrence rate of rash.Conclusion Dabrafenib+Trametinibis generate the lowest complication incidence rate of malignant melanoma.

Objective To discuss the selection of short- or long-segment posterior fixation for treatment of unstable thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A total 134 patients with thoracolumbar fractures treated with pedicle instrument fixation from January 2005 to December 2008 were studied retrospectively. According to AO fracture classification, there were 70 patients with type A fractures, 37 with type B and 27 with type C. The patients were divided into two groups according to the number of instrumented levels; short-segment posterior fixation (SSPF) group (four screws; one vertebral body above or below the fractured vertebrae) and long-segment posterior fixation (LSPF) group (eight screws; two vertebral bodies above or below the fractured vertebrae). Clinical outcomes and radiological parameters (superior-inferior endplate angle, vertebral body angle, displacement of vertebral body) were compared according to AO fracture classification. Results All type A fractures were treated with SSPF, mean superior-inferior endplate angle changed from preoperative 21.3° to postoperative 8.5° and 11.1° at final follow up. There was no statistical difference in the correction of Cobb angle for type B fractures in SSPF group (26 patients) and LSPF group (11 patients), while the correction loss of vertebral body angle was 3. 64° in SSPF group and 1.09° in LSPF group, with statistical difference (P < 0. 05). There was no statistical difference in the correction of Cobb angle for type C fractures in SSPF group (7 patients) and in LSPF group (20 patients), but the correction loss of vertebral body angle was 3.6° in SSPF group and 0. 8° in LSPF group, with statistical difference (P < 0. 05). There was no statistical difference in vertebral displacement correction. Conclusions Most types A and Bl fractures should be treated with SSPF; most types B2, B3 and C fractures should be treated with LSPF.

Objective To discuss the selections of surgical treatment for lower cervical spine fracture and dislocation and the treatment outcome.Methods Clinical data of 50 cases of lower cervical spine fracture and dislocation were analyzed retrospectively.There were 37 males and 13 females at mean age of 41 years (range,20-80 years).Forty-four cases underwent anterior fusion,but 4 with ankylosing spondylitis and 2 with extremely unstable cervical spine were treated with combined posterior fusion.Two cases sustaining ankylosing spondylitis and being unable to be operated via the anterior approach due to the maximum neck flexion limits were treated with posterior decompression and fusion.Two cases developed delayed fracture and underwent posterior release prior to the anterior fixation and fusion.Two cases underwent a second surgery with the posterior release,anterior fusion and posterior fusion performed successively.Neurological performance was evaluated using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)scale.Results All the patients were followed up for mean 28 months (range,12-48 months).Implant loosening and redislocation occurred in one ankylosing spondylitis case 2 months after anterior fusion.Other 49 cases achieved bony fusion in 6 months.Neurological function showed no recovery in complete spinal cord injury cases,but improved for average ASIA 1-2 grades for incomplete spinal cord injury cases.Conclusions Anterior surgery provides good reduction and neurological improvement in treatment of lower cervical spine fracture and dislocation.For extremely unstable cases or difficult anterior reduction cases,posterior surgery or combined anterior/posterior surgery should be considered.

From May, 2000 to June, 2001, 27 patients with Parkinson disease (PD), including 10 cases of rigidity, 13 cases of tremor, 4 cases of rigidity and tremor, were treated by microelectrode-guided technique. Among them, phlebotomy was carried out in 17 cases and thalamotomy in 10 cases. All the targets of lesion were anatomically located by using MR and neurophysiological signals on microelectrode. Our results showed that the efficiency of microelectrode-guided technique for treatment of PD was 98%. The postoperative unified parkinson disease rating scale were 12.3 +/- 9.1 and 13.2 +/- 8.9 respectively, which significantly improved as compared with those before operation. It was concluded that by recognizing special electrical signals in neurons microelectrode-guided neuropsychological techniques can locate target at cellular level, which overcomes the individual difference in anatomy and function, and allow more accuracy, safety and efficiency of operation. This is especially true of PD patients who fail to respond to medical treatment.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Microelectrodes ; Parkinson Disease/*surgery ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Thalamus/surgery

Objective:To study the effectiveness of inferior pole fracture of patella treating by the new tension band.Methods:From Dec.2011 to Dec.2013, 21 patients with inferior pole fracture of patella were treated with the new tension band which consisted of cannulated screw, titanium cable and shims. There were 21 patients[10 males, 11 females, the average age was 54 years(21 to 79)],of whom,all were“fell on knees”.Results:The average operation time was 89 min (57-197 min),the follow-up visits were done from 7-31 months ( average 18 months) , the bone healing time was from 8-12 weeks (average 10.5 weeks).The post operation assessment was done by Bostman score, from 20 -30 (average 27),10 excellent,and 11 good.No complication occurred.Conclusion:The new tension band is the effective treatment for inferior pole fracture of patella.The internal fixation is reliable, it is simple to operate, and patients can take exercises as early as possible.Therefore, the new tension band has a bet-ter clinical value.

Objective To detect the possibility of posterior laminar fenestration combined with screw instrumentation for treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture with canal encroachment.Methods Between January 2005 and December 2008,52 patients with AO-A3 thoracolumbar fracture underwent laminar fenestration to achieve canal decompression and pedicle screw instrumentation without interbody fusion.Canal encroachment,loss of anterior vertebral height,Cobb' s angle,and neurologic outcome were measured before and after operation.Results All patients were followed up for 24 months.Canal encroachment improved from preoperative (68.3 ± 15.1)％ to postoperative (11.5-3.9)％ (P ＜ 0.05).Cobb' s angle reduced from preoperative (32.5 ± 3.2) ° to postoperative (4.9-± 0.6) ° (P ＜ 0.05).Loss of anterior vertebral height restored from preoperative (50.1 ± 5.6) ％ to postoperative (85.5 ± 5.1) ％ (P ＜ 0.05).At the final follow-up,neurological recovery and fracture healing with no apparent vertebral height loss were noted for all patients.Conclusion Flaminar fenestration combined with pedicle screw stabilization attains good radiographic and clinical results in treating patients with AO-A3 thoracolumbar burst fracture.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between 3 different instruments,SF-36 Health Survey,Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and Rasmussen Score,for measurement of surgical outcomes of tibial plateau fractures,and their clinical significances as well.Methods Included in this study were 94 patients with tibial plateau fracture who had been consecutively treated and followed up from January 2009 through February 2015 at our department.Their surgical outcomes were measured by SF-36 Health Survey,HSS-knee score and Rasmussen Score respectively for health-related quality of life (HRQL),knee function,and reduction of fracture.Pearson correlation test was used to determine the correlation between the 3 measurement instruments.Results 94 cases eventually finished their following-ups.The mean follow-up was 41.2 months (range,from 12 to 75 months).The Rasmussen scores for their first postoperative X-ray films averaged 14.7 ± 2.1 points,their HSS-knee scores at the final follow-up averaged 81.0 ± 13.7 points,and their SF-36 scores at the final follow-up averaged 85.5 ± 10.0 points.Statistical analysis showed that the HSS-knee score was positively related to the SF-36 score and Rasmussen score (P ＜ 0.05) but not to the Rasmussen score (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Fine reduction may be the basis for good functional recovery of the knee and good functional recovery may benefit the HRQL of the patients,but merely good fracture reduction does not promise a high HRQL for patients with tibial plateau fracture.In the treatment of tibial plateau fractures,it is not enough to take care of fracture reduction and functional recovery,and the HRQL of patients should be taken into consideration.More attention should be paid to other important factors influencing the HRQL of patients.

Objective To investigate the role of human herpesvirus type 7 (HHV-7) in the development of drug eruptions.Methods Venous blood samples were collected from 35 patients with mild drug eruptions at acute stage,15 patients with severe drug eruptions at both acute stage and remission stage,as well as 50 healthy human controls.PCR was performed to detect HHV-7 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs),and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the titer of anti-HHV-7 IgM antibody in serum.Statistical analysis was carried out by t test,one way analysis of variance,Chi-square test and q test.Results The detection rate of HHV-7 DNA was significantly higher in these patients with drug eruptions than in the healthy controls (82.00％ (41/50) vs.62.00％ (31/50),x2 =4.96,P ＜ 0.05),different among patients with severe drug eruptions (93.33％ (14/15)),patients with mild drug eruptions (77.14％ (27/35)) and the healthy controls (x2 =6.32,P ＜ 0.05),higher in the patients with severe drug eruptions than in the healthy controls (q =3.50,P ＜ 0.05),but not significantly different between the patients with severe drug eruptions at acute stage and those at remission stage (73.33％(11/15),P ＞ 0.05).The anti-HHV-7 IgM antibody titer was significantly increased in the patients with drug eruptions compared with the healthy controls ((69.319 0 ± 25.289 7) ng/L vs.(59.785 3 ± 22.438 2) ng/L,t =1.99,P ＜ 0.05),but no significant difference was observed among the patients with severe drug eruptions (74.340 7 ±31.411 2) ng/L),patients with mild drug eruptions ((65.479 1 ± 21.326 1) ng/L) and healthy controls (P ＞ 0.05) or between HHV-7 DNA-positive patients ((63.748 1 ± 27.239 1) ng/L) and-negative patients ((65.580 2 ± 36.258 4) ng/L,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Active HHV-7 infection exists in patients with drug eruptions,and may be associated with the development and aggravation of this entity.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute middle cerebral artery infarction.Methods From January 2009 to December 2012,81 patients with acute middle cerebral artery infarction completed cerebral angiography admitted to the Department of Neurology,Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command were enrolled retrospectively.END was defined as that the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score increased ≥2 or the motor score increased ≥ 1 with in 72 h after admission compared with the baseline score on admission.All the patients were divided into either an END group (26 cases) or a non-END group (55 cases) according to whether the occurrence of END.Univariate factor analysis was used to analyze the differences of the clinical data between the two groups.The grade standard of collateral circulation was assessment with the collateral circulation assessment system of the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Sociey of Interventional Radiology.Multivariable Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for END after acute middle cerebral artery infarction.Results Compared with the patients in the non-END group,the proportions of age 60 years (65.4％ [17/26] vs.36.4％ [20/55];x2 =5.992,P =0.014),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level ≥4.0 mg/L (76.9％ [20/26] vs.45.5％ [25/55];x2 =7.080,P =0.008) and diabetes (38.5％ [10/26] vs.16.4％ [9/55],x2 =4.802,P =0.028) in the END group were increased significantly,while the collateral circulation grade was decreased significantly (Z =-3.253,P ＜ 0.01).Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that the age ≥60 years (OR,3.412,95 ％ CI 1.075-10.824;P =0.037),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level ≥ 4.0 mg/L (OR,3.812,95％ CI 1.141-12.740;P =0.030),and collateral circulation grade (OR,2.165,95％ CI 1.241-5.514;P =0.009) were the independent risk factor for END in acute middle cerebral artery infarction.Conclusion The decreased collateral circulation level,age ≥ 60 years and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein≥4.0 mg/L were the independent risk factors for occurring END in acute middle cerebral artery infarction.

Objective To investigate the protective role of human serum albumin in treatment of monocyte-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle)-associated neuroinflammation in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) rats and its underlying mechanisms.Methods Vascular perforation model was used to induce SAH.Ninety-two male SD rats were randomly assigned to sham (n =23),vehicle (n =23),low-dose albumin (0.63 g/kg,n =23) and high-dose albumin (1.25 g/kg,n =23) groups.Saline and albumin were intravenously injected into rats two hours after surgery.Modified Garcia scale was employed to assess neurological functions.Iba-1 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining was used to examine the activation of microglial cells and infiltration of neutrophils.Real-time PCR was applied to determine the changes of IL-1β,inducible nitric oxide synthase,CD11b,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 and CXC motif chemokine ligand-2 mRNA levels.Co-immunoprecipitation was conducted to assess the binding ability of albumin with Mincle.Immunoblotting was carried out to evaluate protein levels of Minlce,Syk and p-Syk.SAH severity measurement was performed before conductions of all the experiments.Results SAH severity scores were 11.4 ± 1.6,12.8 ±2.5 and 11.2 ±3.2 in the vehicle,low-dose albumin and high-dose albumin groups,respectively,without statistically significant difference among groups (F =0.694,P =0.516).Neurological score was 7.5 ± 2.9 in the vehicle group,while the low-dose albumin (14.6 ± 2.2) and high-dose albumin groups (13.6 ± 2.7) exhibited better neurological perfomance (P ＜ 0.01).Immunostaining showed that albumin significantly inhibited the activation of microglia,and reduced the percentage of MPO positive cells from 20.7％ ± 1.9％ in the vehicle group to 12.1％ ±2.1％ in the low-dose albumin group and 9.8％ ±0.9％ in the high-dose albunin group (F =32.216,P =0.001).mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemotactic factors were also suppressed by albumin (P ＜ 0.05).The results of co-immunoprecipitation displayed that albumin could directly bind Mincle and disrupt the association between Mincle and SAP130.Immunoblotting demonstrated that albumin depressed the protein levels of Mincle,Syk and p-Syk.Conclusion Human serum albumin can inhibit Mincle/Syk-induced neuroinflammation via directly binding Mincle receptor in SAH rats.