Objective To establish a method of isolating,culturing,proliferating urinary tract(nephropelvics,ureter and bladder)smooth muscle cells (SMC). Methods Urinary tract SMC were isolated from sample tissues (1 from human nephropelvics,1 from human ureter,3 from human bladders,5 from porcine bladders and 1 from porcine ureter) by collagenase digestion and were cultured in DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum.Morphology and expansion of the cells were observed.SMC specific protein (?-actin) was identified by immunohistochemical methods. Results The cells grew well and presented a typical morphological feature of SMC.They could be passaged 6 times without a remarkable decrease in rate of cell proliferation.Immunohistochemical staining showed that ?-actin was positive. Conclusions This urinary tract SMC cultural method was simple,reliable and fruitful.

Objective To observe the hypoglycemic mechanism of total saponins of Momordica charantia (MC) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) rats. Methods Among the selected 60 male Specific Pathogen Free (SPF)rats, 8 were random- ly chosen as control group, while others were fed with high fat and high glucose diet following streptozotocin injection from caudal vein 8 weeks after to construct type 2 DM models. After the DM models were successfully built, rats were then ran- domized into five groups: DM control group (n=8), the metformin group (n=8) and three groups of total saponins of MC with different dosage (n=8 in each group). The total saponins of MC groups include DM rats administrated with total saponins of MC 100, 200, 400 mg/(kg·d) for 8 weeks, the metformin group include DM rats administrated with metformin 50 mg/(kg·d) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the fasting blood glucose and insulin were examed. At the same time, a part of pan- creas islet, liver and skeletal muscle were preserved. The pancreas islet structure, the hepatic glycogen and Glucose trans- porter 4 (GLUT4) expression were observed by electron microscope, glycogen dyeing and immunoblot respectively. Results After 8 weeks treatment, compared to type 2 DM control group, fasting blood glucose and insulin values in MC groups were reduced more obviously. However, skeletal muscle GLUT4 expression level, insulin granules and hepatic glycogen increased obviously in MC groups. Conclusion Total saponins of MC has hypoglycemic effect. It’s mechanisms maybe include pro- moting the hepatic glycogen synthesis, inhibiting the hepatic glycogen decomposition and promoting insulin sensitivity by in- creasing peripheral tissue’s GLUT4 expression.

Objective· To investigate the prospective value of early postoperative PI-APD in children with hydronephrosis.Methods· Data of children with hydronephrosis who underwent pyeloplasty in Xinhua Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between Jan 2012 to Nov 2015 was collected.PI-APD was divided into 3 categories (≤ 19％,19％＜PI-APD＜40％ and ≥ 40％).The relationship between PI-APD value and the degree of renal function (DRF) and dilation recovery after surgery was analyzed.Results· There were 360 children with hydronephrosis.The median follow-up was 20 months.The PI-APD value (3 months after pyeloplasty) was positively correlated with the degree of DRF recovery (r=0.631,P=0.000).Five patients received redo-pyeloplasty.PI-APD of all these patients was ＜19％.Conclusion· PI-APD is a new feasible ultrasound parameter in pyeloplasty followup.PI-APD ≥ 40％ at the first post-operative visit predicts pyeloplasty success.PI-APD ≤ 19％ indicates close follow-up after operation.PI-APD can also help select children at high risk for repeat intervention after pyeloplasty.

In the original publication the grant number is incorrectly published. The correct grant number should be read as "17140901600". The corrected contents are provided in this correction article. This work was partially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81670470 and 81600149), a grant from the Shanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology (17140901600, 18411953500 and 15JC1400201) and a grant from National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFC0905100).

Adenosine ; genetics ; Adenosine Deaminase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian ; metabolism ; Gene Editing ; Genetic Variation ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley