HOX gene belongs to a highly conserved subgroup of the homeobox superfamily .The HOX genes constitute a family of transcription factors that play key roles in embryonic development , regulating numerous processes , such us cellular growth, differentiation, apoptosis, motility and angiogenesis.The present review shows that there is a close relationship between aberrant expression of HOX genes and malignancy .This article summarizes briofly the advances in the research on HOX genes and their roles in tumor genesis .

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of glioma microenvironment and COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on the phenotypes and function of dendritic cell (DC).MethodsThe expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production were detected in glioma C6 cells treated with different concentration of celecoxib.Monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood and cultured with 200 ng/ml rhGM-CSF and 50 ng/ml rhIL-4,either C6 tumor cells supernatant (TSN) or TSN from C6 cells treated with celecoxib to generate DCs.Cell morphology was observed.Cell phenotype including CD1a,CD80,CD83 and D86 were analyzed on a FACScan.Production of IL-12 in DC supernatant and the potential to stmiulate allogeneic T cell proliferation were detected.ResultsThe expression of COX-2 and PGE2 production in C6 cells decreased after treated with celecoxib in a concentration dependant manner.Typical DCs were induced in all groups and the expression of CD1a ((75.56±2.40)％,(75.09±3.67)％,(76.03 ±3.43)％),CD83((72.04±3.45)％,(71.44±3.78)％,( 73.63 ± 3.31 ) ％ ) had no difference (P ＞ 0.05 ).Expression of CD80 ( ( 58.41 ± 3.85 ) ％ ),CD86 ( ( 58.22 ±3.25)％ ) in DC with TSN obviously decreased compared with normal group( (70.36 ± 2.91 )％,(69.31 ±4.29 ) ％,P ＜ 0.01 ) as well as the IL-12 production ( ( 137.88 ± 5.33 ) pg/ml,( 186.04 ± 4.76 ) pg/ml) and the potential to stmiulate allogeneic T cell proliferation ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Celecoxib increased the expression of CD80,CD86 (66.83 ± 2.51,63.51 ± 5.47,P＜ 0.01 ) in DC and the same as IL-12 production( ( 170.31 ± 3.46) pg/ml,P ＜ 0.01 ) and the potential to stmiulate allogeneic T cell proliferation ( P ＜ 0.01 ),which were lower than the normal level.ConclusionGlioma microenvironment may induce the celecoxib can inhibit the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 in gliomas cells and improve the phenotypes and function defect of DCs.

Objective Investigate the effective treatment for the stable subdural hematoma.Methods About the patients need for surgical treatment,for the treatment of hole drainage surgery,and according to the retrospective to be analyzed.Results The 68 cases of patients with surgical indications,under local anesthesia to surgery with the method of hole drainage surgery,achieve the desired results and objectives.Conclusions The hole drainage surgery is a simple way,and little chance of complications.As long as select the appropriate cases,during the surgery with standardized operation and at the end of surgery use standardized management,select the method of hole drainage surgery to treat the stable subdural hematoma is feasibility.

From May, 2000 to June, 2001, 27 patients with Parkinson disease (PD), including 10 cases of rigidity, 13 cases of tremor, 4 cases of rigidity and tremor, were treated by microelectrode-guided technique. Among them, phlebotomy was carried out in 17 cases and thalamotomy in 10 cases. All the targets of lesion were anatomically located by using MR and neurophysiological signals on microelectrode. Our results showed that the efficiency of microelectrode-guided technique for treatment of PD was 98%. The postoperative unified parkinson disease rating scale were 12.3 +/- 9.1 and 13.2 +/- 8.9 respectively, which significantly improved as compared with those before operation. It was concluded that by recognizing special electrical signals in neurons microelectrode-guided neuropsychological techniques can locate target at cellular level, which overcomes the individual difference in anatomy and function, and allow more accuracy, safety and efficiency of operation. This is especially true of PD patients who fail to respond to medical treatment.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Microelectrodes ; Parkinson Disease/*surgery ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Thalamus/surgery

Objective To study the role of ganoderma lucidum spore oil and ganoderma lucidum extraction spore oil in neovascularization of human high malignant breast cancer .Methods Human high malignant breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and tumor-bearing nude mice established with MDA-MB-231 were treated with different doses of ganoderma lucidum spore oil and ganoderma lucidum extraction spore oil .Epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) expression level was examined by Western blotting and the RNA expression levels of neovascularization related molecules such as EGFR , vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metalloproteinases(MMPs), thrombospondin(TSP-1), platelet derived growth factor( PDGF) , fibroblast growth factor ( FGF) were detected by Real-time PCR.Results Both ganoderma lucidum spore oil and ganoderma lucidum extraction spore oil inhibited the expression of EGFR in vitro and in vivo in a dose-dependent way.Both compounds induced down-regulation of VEGF and up-regulation of TSP-1 at RNA level.The effect of Ganoderma lucidum extraction spore oil was more significant than that of ganoderma lucidum spore oil .Conclusion Both ganoderma lucidum spore oil and ganoderma lucidum extraction spore oil inhibite the expression of neovascularization related molecules and increase the expression of molecules inhibiting neovascularization , whereas the effect of ganoderma lucidum extraction spore oil is more obvious .

From May, 2000 to June, 2001, 27 patients with Parkinson disease (PD), including 10 cases of rigidity, 13 cases of tremor, 4 cases of rigidity and tremor, were treated by microelectrode-guided technique. Among them, phlebotomy was carried out in 17 cases and thalamotomy in 10 cases. All the targets of lesion were anatomically located by using MR and neurophysiological signals on microelectrode. Our results showed that the efficiency of microelectrode-guided technique for treatment of PD was 98%. The postoperative unified parkinson disease rating scale were 12.3 +/- 9.1 and 13.2 +/- 8.9 respectively, which significantly improved as compared with those before operation. It was concluded that by recognizing special electrical signals in neurons microelectrode-guided neuropsychological techniques can locate target at cellular level, which overcomes the individual difference in anatomy and function, and allow more accuracy, safety and efficiency of operation. This is especially true of PD patients who fail to respond to medical treatment.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Microelectrodes ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease ; surgery ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Thalamus ; surgery

Objective To analyze the effect of clinical application of ultrasound in microsurgical treatment of intramedullary tumors in the superior cervical spinal cord.Methods Retrospective study the clinical data of 15 patients with intramedullary tumors in the superior cervical spinal cord,which were underwent a laminectomy for microsurgical tumor resection during January,2014 and January,2018.Intraoperative ultrasound and neuromonitoring was accompanied by the whole surgical procedure for each case.The follow-up data was collected by outpatient department visits and telephone interviews.Results All the described patients were performed with microscopic tumor resection by using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and ultrasound.The pathological diagnosis was ependymocytoma (n=8) and astrocytoma (n=7).Gross total resections comprised 86.7％ of cases (n=13),and subtotal resections 13.3％ (n=2).The neurological outcome was as follows:Mc-Cormick scale grade Ⅰ,10 patients;grade Ⅱ,3 patients;grade Ⅲ,1 patient;and grade Ⅳ 1 patient;Follow-up was applied for (19.2±7.6) months in 13 cases and 12.0 months in 2 cases.Compared to the preoperative period,66.6％ of patients recovered postoperatively,20.0％ improved,6.7％ remained without deficit and deterioration persisted in 6.7％.Conclusion The microscopic resection of tumors is the effective way to cure this disease.By using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and ultrasound,the complete tumor resection and the minimal spinal cord injury were certainly achieved.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of cranioplasty with polyether ether ketone(PEEK)or titanium after large craniectomy in patients.Methods Clinical data of 150 patients undergoing skull repair due to large frontotemporal skull defect in our hospital from April 2018 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,and they were divided into titanium mesh group and PEEK group according to different repair materials.The conditions of surgical site infection,bleeding,subcutaneous effusion,seizure,implant rupture or exposure in the two groups were compared.Results In the PEEK group,96.3％of patients needed to implant the repair material under the temporal muscle,which was significantly higher than that in the titanium mesh group(78.1％)(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in postoperative complications including infection,bleeding,seizure,implant rupture or leakage between the two groups(P＞0.05).However,the incidence of postoperative subcutaneous effusion in PEEK group was higher than that in titanium mesh group(14.8％VS4.2％,P＜0.05),and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Both titanium and PEEK can be used in cranioplasty for patients with large frontotemporal cranial defects.Subcutaneous effusion is common in patients underwent cranioplasty with PEEK postoperatively,which needs to be paid more attention.

Objective:To investigate the independent risk factors for postoperative severe pulmonary infection (SPI) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and evaluate their predictive value.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 163 sTBI patients admitted to Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from April 2021 and March 2023, including 101 males and 62 females, aged 20-80 years [53.0(46.0, 59.0)years]. The surgical procedures involved decompressive craniectomy, subdural hematoma removal, epidural hematoma removal, and intracranial hematoma removal. The patients were divided into SPI group ( n=62) and non-SPI group ( n=101) according to whether they had SPI postoperatively. The following data of the two groups were collected, including gender, age, preoperative Glasgow coma scale (GCS), elevated blood glucose, abnormal liver function, abnormal renal function, hemoglobin level, anemia, albumin level, hypoproteinemia, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. All the hematological tests were performed on venous blood samples collected preoperatively before anti-inflammatory treatment. Independent risk factors for predicting the postoperative occurrence of SPI in sTBI patients were identified through univariate analysis and multivariable stepwise regression analysis. The predictive value of separate indicator or indicators combined was assessed by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:Univariate analysis demonstrated that preoperative GCS, albumin level, lymphocyte count, NLR, PNI and serum LDH level in both groups were significantly correlated with the postoperative occurrence of SPI ( P<0.05), while gender, age, elevated blood glucose, abnormal liver function, abnormal renal function, hemoglobin level, anemia, hypoproteinemia, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, platelet count, dNLR and PLR were not correlated with the postoperative occurrence of SPI in sTBI patients ( P>0.05). Multivariable stepwise regression analysis revealed that low lymphocyte count (95% CI -0.337, -0.013, P<0.05), high NLR (95% CI -0.023, -0.005, P<0.01), low PNI (95% CI 0.007, 0.026, P<0.01), and high serum LDH (95% CI -0.002, -0.001, P<0.01) were independent risk factors for SPI in sTBI patients ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis indicated that low lymphocyte count, high NLR, low PNI and high serum LDH level could predict SPI in sTBI patients postoperatively, with the combination of PNI and serum LDH showing the highest predictive ability (AUC=0.78, 95% CI 0.70, 0.85). Conclusion:Low lymphocyte count, high NLR, low PNI, and high serum LDH level are independent risk factors for postoperative SPI in patients with sTBI, and the combination of PNI and serum LDH possesses a high predictive value for postoperative SPI in sTBI patients.