Objective To study the effects of different doses of insulin in diabetic ketoacidosisin children.Methods 44 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis in children who were treated with insulin in our hospital were selected as research object,and they were divided into group A(low dose group)22 cases and group B(high dose group)22 cases, and the blood glucose, blood calcium, serum potassium, acidosis corrected time and the levels of serum IL-6,IL-12,IL-18 and TNF-α and incidence of hypoglycemia of the two groups were compared and studied. Results The blood glucose, blood calcium,serum potassium, acidosis corrected time and the levels of serum IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-α of the two groups had no differences, there were no significant difference(all P ＞ 0. 05), but the incidence of hypoglycemia of the group B was lower than that of group A,there was significant difference(P ＜0. 05). Conclusion The effects of low dose of insulin in diabetic ketoacidosis in children was better, blood glucose placidity decreases, and was worthy of further studying and popularization and application.

Objective To study the long term effect and practical value of unilateral cleft lip repair with extended Mohler surgery based on over 10 years experiences.Methods A lot of 320 cases with unilateral cleft lip were repaired with extended Mohler surgery at average age of 5 months and 20 days.65 repaired cases were followed up and long term treatment result was evaluated.26 cases were evaluated in 10.5 to 15 years after surgery.39 cases were evaluated in 6 to 24 months after surgery.And the details of surgery were described.Results Excellent results for most of cleft patients (63 cases, 97%) were achieved, which included unobvious vertical scar symmetric to unaffected philtrum column, symmetric cupid's bow, nostrils and intermedial nasal columellae.Conclusions Extended Mohler surgery is great valuable for unilateral cleft lip repair.Appropriate indications should be stressed.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and main genotypes of carbapenemases in carbepenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) .Methods A total of 114 strains of CRE were isolated in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital from May 2011 to June 2013 .The diameter of inhibition zone of imipemen or meropenem for these strains was not larger than 22 mm .PCR method was used to screen for the main carbapenemase genes (blaKPC ,blaIMP ,blaVIM ,blaOXA‐48 and blaNDM ) with previously described primers followed by nucleotide sequencing analysis . Conjugation experiments were performed to examine the transferability of plasmids .Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to show the relatedness of KPC‐2‐producing Enterobacteriaceae .Results Most of the 114 isolates were K lebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli .Of the 114 isolates ,98 was positive for carbapenemases ,specifically ,78 blaKPC‐2‐positive ,15 blaIMP‐4‐positive ,2 blaIMP‐8‐positive ,1 positive for both blaKPC‐2 and blaIMP‐4 and 4 blaNDM‐1‐positive .None of the strains was positive for blaOXA‐48 or blaVIM .About 21 .4% (21/98) of the isolates were conjugated successfully .The 49 blaKPC‐2‐positive K .pneumoniae isolates were grouped into 12 types according to PFGE patterns .Majority (34/49) of these isolates belonged to the same type A .Conclusions BlaKPC‐2 was the primary epidemic genotype of Enterobacteriaceae in Ruijin Hospital ,followed by blaIMP‐4 .NDM‐1 carbapenemase was produced in 4 strains of CRE . Meanwhile , clonal spread of KPC‐2‐producing K . pneumoniae was observed in some departments of our hospital , such as surgical ICU , respiratory medicine and thoracic surgery . Appropriate measures should be taken timely and effectively to prevent the in‐hospital spread of resistant genes .

BACKGROUND:With the development of minimal y invasive technique, more and more forearm fracture, especial y in children, was treated by elastic stable intramedul ary nailing. Recently, elastic stable intramedul ary nailing was also used in elder children, even adults. In particular, this technique has obtained good curative effects for open fracture and unstable fracture. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of elastic intramedul ary nail and plate fixation for double fracture of forearm using evidence-based medicine. METHODS:We retrieved PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine, VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, and other electronic databases. The quality of the included studies was assessed using Cochrane Systematic Review. The analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 7 randomized control ed trials involving 468 cases were included. The results of meta-analyses showed that compared with plate fixation group, effective rate was higher in the titanium elastic nail group (P<0.000 1), the time of fracture healing was shorter (P<0.000 01), and the hospitalization time was shorter (P<0.000 01). In the aspect of adverse reactions, incidence of refracture (P=0.03) and breakage of internal fixation (P=0.03) was significantly lower. These indicated that compared with plate fixation, titanium elastic nail can improve the total effective rate, shorten the time of fracture healing on X-ray and the hospitalization time, at the same time, can effectively reduce the complications of refracture and breakage of internal fixation.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of serum proadrenomedullin( pro-ADM)in catheter related blood stream infection( CRBSI). Methods Prospective diagnostic test was performed with 76 cases patients with clinically suspected diagnosis of CRBSI,and the patients were divided into CRBSI group( n=25)and non-CRBSI group. Serum pro-ADM,procalcitonin( PCT),C-reactive protein( CRP)and white blood cell( WBC)levels were measured at the study entry and on the day of CRBSI suspicion. Results On the day of CRBSI suspicion,the levels of pro-ADM,PCT,CRP and WBC in the CRBSI group were(5. 17 ± 1. 28)nmol/L, 2. 29(1. 47-4. 28)μg/L,(102. 04 ± 51. 00)μg/L and(14. 66 ± 5. 09)× 109/L respectively,significantly higher than those in the non-CRBSI group((2. 83 ± 1. 25)nmol/L,2. 29(1. 4-4. 28)μg/L,(61. 43 ± 53. 52) mg/L and(11. 78 ± 3. 52)× 109/L respectively;t or Z=7. 636,-4. 777,3. 156,2. 882;P﹤0. 05). For the diagnosis of CRBSI,the area under the curve(AUC)of pro-ADM,PCT,CRP and WBC were 0. 89(95%CI 0. 82-0. 97),0. 84(95%CI 0. 75-0. 93),76(95%CI 0. 65-0. 86)and 0. 68(0. 54-0. 81)respectively. Taking pro-ADM with 4. 31 nmol/L as the cutoff value,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 76. 0%,84. 3%,70. 4% and 87. 8% respectively. Simultaneously,taking procalcitonin with 1. 52 μg/L as the cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity was 81. 8% and 87. 0%respectively. Conclusion Serum level of pro-ADM in the diagnosis of CRBSI has good specificity. Simultaneous surveillance of serum pro-ADM and PCT may be helpful for the diagnosis of CRBSI in the early stage.

Objective To observe the effects of nebulized nitric oxide donors on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics during pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia (FiO_2=0.1,for 1 hour)in newborn piglets. Methods Twenty-four anesthetized and mechanically ventilated piglets were randomly divided into four groups:(1)group S (n=6),control group;(2)group C (n=6),receiving saline after hypoxia;(3)group NTG,receiving nebulized nitroglycerin after hypoxia;(4)group SNP,receiving nebulized sodium nitroprusside after hypoxia. Mean arterial pressure (MAP)and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP)were monitored continuously. Arterial blood gas analysis was determined at baseline,1 hour after hypoxia,termination of nebulization and 0.5 h after nebulization. After nebulization,blood methemoglobin (MetHb)and plasma NO level were measured.Results Acute hypoxia resulted in a significant increase in MPAP. At 1 hour after hypoxia,MPAP in group C,group NTG and group SNP were significantly higher than that in group S(P0.05).After nebulization,there were no significant differences in plasma NO level and blood MetHb level between groups. No rebound pulmonary hypertension was observed after withdrawal of nebulization. Conclusion Both NTG and SNP nebulization could be used as selective pulmonary vasodilators for acute hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Objective: To evaluate the antitumor effect of polysaccharide from spirulina platensis(PSP), and its synergic and attenuated effects on chemotherapeutic drugs in tumor-bearing mice. Methods: Mouse models of transplanting tumor were established. Antitumor effects of PSP and PSP combined with chemotherapeutic drugs were observed and the effect of PSP on leukopenia induced by chemotherapeutic drugs was also investigated. Results: PSP significantly inhibited S180 and H22, the inhibitory rate being 50 %-58 %and 43 %-51 %respectively. PSP evidently increased the antitumor action of cytoxan, PDD and 5-Fu, and elevated the number of white blood cells in leukopenia. Conclusion: PSP can obviously inhibit the tumor growth, also has synergic and attenuated effects on chemotherapeutic drugs.

Objective Toinvestigate the related risk factors of newly diagnosed diabetes among residents aged over 40 years in Nanjing City , and to provide evidence for diabetes prevention. Methods The clinical data were collected from the diabetes epidemiologic investigation among residents aged 40 -79 years from 6 communities in Nanjing City. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the potential risk factors for newly diagnosed diabetes. Results The prevalence rate of new diagnosed diabetes from 8039 subjects was 10.87%. A higher prevalence rate of new diagnosed diabetes was found in male than that in female (13.15% vs. 9.74%, P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the main risk factors for newly diagnosed diabetes were male, age, family history, body mass index (BMI) and less physical activity after adjusting other factors (adjusted OR 1.339-1.862, P < 0.05). Conclusions Male, age, family history, body mass index (BMI) and less physical activity may be the main risk factors for diabetes among residents in Nanjing City.

BACKGROUND: Currently, the researches on knee plaster immobilization paralysis animal models are popular in the world, but there are some insufficiencies with the knee paralysis animals, for example, poor animal selection, inappropriate plaster selection and pure gypsum instability, which affect the subsequent results.
OBJECTIVE: To establish a rabbit model of knee paralysis by the knee fixation with plaster casts and wire.
METHODS: A total of 20 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. Models of right knee paralysis were established and fixed by plaster casts and wire. Normal controls were considered as the control group. At 8 weeks after fixation, right knee and pathologic histology were observed in the right knee.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The knee joints were translucent, smooth, and shiny, without the cartilage defect in the control group, and the cartilaginous elasticity and rigidity were good, and the arrangement of chondrocytes was normal. There were no inflammatory infiltrations in the articular capsule of the normal rabbits. In the model group, the knee joint was matt and opaque. Articular cartilage became thin, and showed poor elasticity. The cartilages were degenerated. Articular surface was rough, and had defects. There were smal amount of joint fluid or no joint fluid. Cartilage cel s shrank or disappeared, and the number of cartilage cel s reduced with degeneration and necrosis. Subchondral bone became sclerosis with trabecular bone of hyperplasia. The arrangement of cartilage cel s was disordered, with hyalinization and synovial vil ous hypertrophy. Cel clustering phenomenon was seen. There were a large number of lymphocytes, plasma cel s and neutrophil infiltration in cartilages. The typical pathological changes of the knee paralysis present in the rabbit cartilage. These results demonstrate that the rabbit model of knee paralysis can be successful y established by using fixation method with plaster casts and wire, which has the advantages of simple operation, strong fixation and no injury.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hypogonadism in male type 2 diabetic patients.Methods A total of 213 male patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and divided into low testosterone group (n=75) and normal testosterone group (n=138). Blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, serum insulin and sex hormones including total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured in all patients.The correlations between the metabolic index and sex hormone levels were analyzed.Results Compared with normal testosterone group, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin (FINS), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were significantly increased in low testosterone group(all P<0.05)while LH, FSH, and SHBG levels were significantly decreased(all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that TT was negatively correlated with FINS and HOMA-IR(r=-0.142,-0.154, both P<0.05)while positively correlated with LH and FSH (r=0.157, 0.138, both P<0.05).TT level in patients with metabolic syndrome(MS) was significantly decreased (P<0.05).A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, MS, HOMA-IR, and LH were significant independent risk factors for hypogonadism.Conclusions Hypogonadism often occurs in male patients with type 2 diabetes,especially in patients with MS.BMI, HOMA-IR, LH, and MS are risk factors for hypogonadism in male type 2 diabetic patients.