Objective To explore value of two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) strain parameters in assessment of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony and its relationship with cardiac function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).Methods Totally 25 patients with DCM and 25 age-matched normal controls were enrolled.The LV time to peak longitudinal strain (Tls) and time to peak circumferential strain (Tcs) were measured by 2D-STI,from which the standard deviations and maximal differences of the Tls in all 18 segments,6 segments at apical 4-chamber,3-chamber and 2 chamber views (Tls-SD,Tls-SD-4,Tls-SD-3,Tls SD-2,Tls dif,Tls-dif-4,Tls-dif-3,Tls-dif-2) were calculated,as same as the standard deviations and maximal differences of Tcs in all 18 segments,6 segments at mitral valve,papillary muscle,apical short-axis views (Tcs-SD,Tcs-SD-M,Tcs-SD-P,Tcs-SD-A,Tcs-dif,Tcs-dif-M,Tcs-dif-P,Tcs-dif-A) were calculated.Results Compared with the control group,the global and segmental strain parameters of the DCM group increased significantly (all P＜0.05).Except for Tcs-dif-P and Tcs dif,the residual strain parameters were negatively correlated with LV ejection fraction (all P＜0.05).Except for Tcs-dif-M,Tcs dif-P and Tcs-dif,there was a positive correlation between strain parameters and E/e in DCM group (all P ＜0.05).Conclusion In patients with DCM,LV dyssynchrony exists both in global and regional,which may aggravates the LV function damage.2D-STI strain parameters can objectively evaluate LV dyssynchrony and its relationship with cardiac function in patients with DCM.

Four natures are cold, hot, warm and cool natures of drug, it is the one of main theoretical bases for explaining the effects of traditional Chinese drugs. According to the natures of traditional Chinese drugs, the compatible modality of traditional Chinese drugs can be classified into two types: the compatibility of drugs with same natures and the compatibility of drugs with different natures. Both of them can play the actions of strengthening potency of drugs, enlarging the treated scope, preventing adverse reactions and bringing about new functions.

Objective To optimize the matrix prescription and preparation technology of compound pyocutaneous gels. Methods Use the method of L9(34 ) orthogonal test, take the Carbopol-940 quantity, pH, glycerol and ethanol as factors,and take viscosity, pH value, appearance properties, temperature resistance as the comprehensive evaluation index, and compare the effects of stewing, centrifugal and ultrasound methods on removing bubbles in the gel. Ultimately determine the optimum preparation process. Results The best matrix prescription of compound pyocutaneous gels is as follows: carbopol-940 1.4%, 10% sodium hydroxide solution 3.3%,glycerol 2.3%,ethanol 6%;the best way to remove bubbles is centrifugation,with rotation rate at 3 000 r?min-1 for 10 min. Conclusion The selected matrix formulation is simple and feasible, the preparation technology is stable and reliable with good reproducibility, and can be used for the preparation of compound pyocutaneous gel.

Objective To study the possible mechanisms by which repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) pretreatment antagonizes seizures induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine and any correlation with antiapoptosis in hippocampal CA1 neurons.Methods Thirty rats were randomly divided into a control group, a sham stimulation group and an rTMS pretreatment group. The rTMS pretreatment group was pretreated on 7 consecutive days with low-frequency rTMS (0.5 Hz, 75％ of threshold intensity, 20 times/bundle, and 5 bundles/d), while the sham-stimulation group was sham-stimulated with a similar sound. Lithium chloride-pilocarpine ( LPC ) was used to induce a model epileptic state.Epileptic stroke latency and severity were recorded ; neuronal morphology was observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; mean positive-reactive cell number and mean optical density and absorbance of B cell lymphoma/leukemia gene-2 (Bcl-2) were recorded, and Fas and Caspase-3 protein in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed with immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the sham stimulation group, epileptic latency in the rTMS pretreatment group was significantly longer. Seizures in the rTMS pretreatment group were less severe, and a number of degenerated neurons were observed to be apoptotic. Bcl-2 protein expression increased at each time point, but Fas and Caspase-3 protein expression decreased.Conclusions rTMS pretreatment has an anti-epilepsy effect. The possible neuronal protection might be produced by regulating the expression of Bcl-2, Fas and Caspase-3 protein in the hippocampus.

To establish an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of peimine and peiminine in rat plasma after oral and intravenous administration of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. extract, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated as well. Peimine, peiminine and internal standard carbamazepine were extracted from plasma with liquid-liquid extraction by ethyl acetate, then separated on a Luna C18 column by using acetonitrile-water containing 10 mmol x L(-1) ammonium formate (35:65), as mobile phase. The electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and operated in positive ion mode. Peimine was detected at m/z 432.4 --> 414.4, peiminine at m/z 430.4 --> 412.4 and carbamazepine (IS) at 237.1 --> 194.2. The linear calibration curves were obtained at the concentration range of 0.8-800 ng x mL(-1) for peimine and peiminine. The extraction recoveries were 94.1%-105.3% and 85.8%-98.6%, respectively. The precisions, accuracy and stability of the analytes meet the requirements. The method was shown to be effective, convenient, and suitable for simultaneous pharmacokinetic study of peimine and peiminine in rat.

Objective To assess the left ventricular systolic function after renal sympathetic denervation(RSD) in beagles with heart failure by layer-specific two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging.Methods Twenty-three beagles were randomly divided into control group (8 dogs),URSD group (8 dogs)and RSD group (7 dogs).Control group was implanted with pacemakers without pacing,URSD group was implanted with pacemakers and underwent 3 weeks of rapid right ventricular pacing,and RSD group underwent catheter-based RSD bilaterally and was simultaneously implanted with pacemakers.All standard measurements were obtained from the left ventricular short-axis views at the levels of mitral annulus,papillary muscle and apex,and apical four-chamber,two-chamber,and long-axis views.The peak systolic longitudinal strain and circumferential strain of each layer of the left ventricle were measured by layerspecific two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging.Results After 3 weeks,all of the dogs in both the URSD and RSD groups showed lower left ventricular diastolic and systolic function compared with those in the control group,however,the dogs in the RSD group had a higher LV ejection fraction (LVEF) than the dogs in the URSD group(P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the global longitudinal strain,circumferential strain and radial strain all decreased significantly in URSD and RSD groups.The longitudinal strain of endo-and mid-cardium and the circumferential strain in endo-cardium were significantly higher in RSD group than those in URSD group(P ＜0.05).Conclusions Myocardial systolicfunction is impaired in dogs with heart failure,layer-specific two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging can provide effective tools to assess the left ventricular systolic function.Renal sympathetic denervation can improve the myocardial systolic function in dogs with heart failure.

Objective To analyze longitudinal layer‐specific strain in endocardial ,midcardial and epicardial layers of left ventricle (LV) by two‐dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2D‐STI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and to evaluate the regional or global systolic function of LV . Methods Seventy‐eight patients with suspected CHD were divided into CHD group (46 subjects) and control group (32 subjects) according to the results of selective coronary arteriography . According to the stenosis degree or number of coronary arteries ,the CHD group was divided into mild stenosis group ( corresponding blood‐supply vessel stenosis 50% -75% ) ,severe stenosis group ( corresponding blood‐supply vessel stenosis ≥75% ) or single‐vessel stenosis group ,multi‐vessel stenosis group . Two‐dimensional images with high frame rate were recorded in apical four‐chamber ,long‐axis ,two‐chamber of LV in all subjects . The strain parameters by EchoPAC analysis software included territorial longitudinal strain ( TLS ) of endocardial , midcardial and epicardial layers ( TLSendo ,TLSmid ,TLSepi) and global longitudinal strain ( GLS) of endocardial ,midcardial and epicardial layers ( GLSendo ,GLSmid ,GLSepi) . Results Regardless of with or without corresponding blood‐supply coronary artery stenosis and range of coronary artery stenosis , TLSendo ,TLSmid ,TLSepi and GLSendo ,GLSmid ,GLSepi all showed a gradient decrease( P < 0 .05) . Compared with the control group ,TLSendo ,TLSepi of mild stenosis group and severe stenosis group decreased significantly( P <0 .05) ,while there was no significant difference about TLSmid between the two groups( P > 0 .05) . Compared with the mild stenosis group ,TLSendo ,TLSepi of severe stenosis group decreased significantly( P < 0 .05) ,while there was no significant difference about TLSmid( P > 0 .05) . Moreover ,compared with the control group ,GLSendo ,GLSmid ,GLSepi of single‐vessel stenosis group and multi‐vessel stenosis group decreased significantly( P < 0 .05) . Compared with the single‐vessel stenosis group ,GLSendo ,GLSmid ,GLSepi of multi‐vessel stenosis group decreased significantly( P < 0 .05) . For predicting corresponding blood‐supply vessel stenosis ≥75% ,the sensitivity and specificity were 55 .6% , 72 .6% and 57 .8% ,76 .4% ,when the cut‐off of TLSendo and TLSepi were 20 .5% and 15 .5% respectively . For predicting multi‐vessel stenosis ,the sensitivity and specificity were 54 .5% ,71 .4% ;50 .0% ,87 .5% and 63 .6% ,87 .5% ;when the cut‐off of GLSendo , GLSmid , GLSepi were 21 .5% , 17 .5% and 16 .5%respectively . Conclusions Systolic dysfunction of LV happened through all layers in CHD patients . The longitudinal strain of layer‐specific by 2D‐STI can accurately evaluate the regional and global systolic function of LV in patients with CHD ,which can also be used to predict the degree or range of coronary artery stenosis .

Objective To evaluate the effect of two different venous drainage patterns on the prognosis of fetal pulmonary sequestration( PS) . Methods Sixty cases of fetal PS with confirmed venous drainage diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound were retrospectively analyzed . Changes of the volumes of PS lesions and the clinical outcomes were compared between two different venous drainage patterns . Results Among the total 64 cases ,34 cases were pulmonary venous drainage and 30 cases were systemic venous drainage . There was no case combined with any abnormality in pulmonary venous drainage group;whereas , 6 cases combined with other abnormalities in systemic venous drainage group ,between which significant difference was noted( P =0 .02) . In pulmonary venous drainage group ,there was no significant difference in the volumes of PS lesions between at 20-24 weeks′gestational age(WGA) and at 24+1 -30 WGA( P >0 .05) ;but not between at 24+1 -30 WGA or at 20 -24 WGA and at 30+1 -39 WGA ( P < 0 .05) . However ,in the systemic venous drainage group ,the volumes of PS lesions were stable at these three stages ( P > 0 .05) . Postnatal respiratory symptoms and postnatal surgery rates were similar between the two groups( P > 0 .05) . Conclusions PS with systemic venous drainage is more likely combined with other abnormalities than PS with pulmonary venous drainage . The lesion volumes of PS with pulmonary venous drainage decreas remarkably during the middle‐late pregnancy . Nevertheless ,the clinical postnatal outcomes are both favorable in the two groups .

Three BALB/c mice were immunized four times with alpha-momorcharins (alpha-MMC). Using polyethylene glycol (PEG) method, the immunized splenocytes were fused with SP2/0 cells. One strain of hybridoma cells was obtained which secrete antibodies against alpha-MMC. To get ascites, the hybridoma cells were injected into the abdominal cavity of mice. The antibodies were purified from ascites. Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot assay were applied to determine the specifity of the monoclonal antibody (McAb). The results showed that the McAb was specific to alpha-MMC without detectable cross-activity with MAP30. The McAb provided detecting method for further research of the structure and function of alpha-MMC.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Blotting, Western ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Hybridomas ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ribosome Inactivating Proteins ; immunology

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional printing atrial septal defect (ASD)models from three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography(3D-TEE)images and to lay the foundation for the application of 3D printing technology in the diagnosis and treatment of ASD.Methods Twenty patients with ASD were analyzed retrospectively.2D-TEE and 3D-TEE were performed before ASD occlusion.The 3D-TEE data were post-processed by Mimics software and the volume images of ASD in STL format were developed.Then the STL file was output and the ASD 3D models were printed.The ASD size parameters included the maximal diameter(Dmax),the minimal diameter(Dmin),circumference(C)and area(A),which were measured from 2D-TEE images,3D-TEE images and 3D printing models,respectively. The absolute difference value of ASD size parameters between 3D printing models and 2D-TEE images,or 3D-TEE images were calculated.The sizes of occluder were recorded during the operation and the preoperative exercises on 3D printing models were performed.Results There were no significant difference in ASD size parameters among 3D printing models,2D-TEE and 3D-TEE images(all P > 0.05),the ASD size parameters were concordant well between 3D printing models and 2D-TEE or 3D-TEE images. Moreover,the absolute difference value of ASD size parameters between 3D printing models and 2D-TEE or 3D-TEE images were little.In addition,linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation in the Dmaxmeasured from 3D printing models and the sizes of occulder used in the operation(r =0.94,P <0.05).In the ASD 3D printing models the preoperative exercise had an impressive effect.Conclusions It is quite feasible to use 3D-TEE images as the data source of ASD 3D printing models.Ultrasound-derived ASD 3D printing models are of highly accuracy,which have the potential to provide evidence for the clinical application of 3D printing technology.