Objective To study the prevalence of intraventficular hemorrhage(IVH)in premature infants using bedside cranial ultrasound scans and to analyze the associated laboratory results.Methods 114 patients admitted between February 2003 and March 2004 were eligible for the study.NAS-2000A 3D ultrasound instrument for bedside ultrasound detection were used.All the premature infants were detected for blood gas analysis,blood cell analysis(red blood cell counting,haemoglobin and haematocrit),prothrombin time (PT),fibrinogen(FIB)and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)in the first 24 hours of life.Results There were 34 IVH cases in 114 patients(29.8%).The ineidence of IVH of premature infants below 34 weeks gestation was 43.8%,which was higher than that of infants above 35 weeks gestation.The incidence of IVH of infants whose birth weight were below 1 500 g is 58.8%,which was higher than that of infants whose birth weight were above 1 500 g.The incidence of IVH increased with decreasing gestational age and birth weight.As compared with the values of infants without IVH,HB and HCT of the IVH infants were higher (P＜0.05);PT and APTT of the IVH inrants were longer(P＜0.01);hypoxia,hypercapnia and acidosis were more common in IVH infants(P＜0.05).Conclusion Risk factors such as short gestational age,low birth weight,increased HB and HCT,prolongation of PT and APTT,hypoxia,hypercapnia and acidosis may be associated with the IVH in premature infants.

Neonatal acute heart failure is a common critical illness,and also one of the material cause of perinatal death. It is difficult for early diagnosis due to the different characteristics and clinical manifestation between neonate and older children, which leads to the difficulty of diagnosis timely and affect the condition adversely. This article introduced the common etiology, characteristics of clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal acute heart failure.

Objective To study the changes of TNF-??NO in lung of immature rabbits with meconium aspiration and the relationship with right ventricular pressure. Methods (1)We established mild and severe immature rabbits model of meconium aspiration by endotracheal intubation imbuing meconium 0.6 ml/kg and 4 ml/kg. (2)We measured the right ventricular pressure by right ventricular puncture. (3)level of TNF-? in lung was measured by radioimmunoassay and that of NO was detected by Cr deoxidation. Results Meconium caused pulmonary inflammatory response which was reflected in the increase of cell counts in BALF, peaking at 24 h after instillation [WBC counts (6.06? 0.15 ) ?10 8/L,PMN counts (0.484?0.009)?10 8/L] and recovered by 72 h[(1.93?0.08)?10 8/L,(0 082?0 007)?10 8]. (2)The level of TNF-? in lung of mild group (1.41?0 15) ng/ml increased significantly comparing with control group (0 48?0.07) ng/ml, level of NO (31.9?2.4) ng/ml decreased significantly. Peaked at 16~24 h and recovered to normal by 72 h. the changes of severe group [TNF-?(1.85?0.17) ng/ml, NO(26.4?2.4) ng/ml] were significantly different from those in mild group. (3) At mild group,the right ventricular pressure began to increase at 16 h ( 19.28 ? 0.10 ) mm Hg, peaked at 24 h (26.78?0.14) mm Hg and returned to normal level by 72 h ( 14.18 ? 0.04) mm Hg. The pressure of severe group ( 32.70 ? 0.14 ) mm Hg was significantly higher than that of control and mild group. Conclusions (1)After immature rabbits aspirating meconium, there were remarkable pulmonary inflammatory responses. (2)The level of TNF-? in lung increased, and was correlated with right ventricular pressure,which revealed that MAS with PPHN could be associated with inflammatory response. (3)The level of NO decreased after meconium aspiration, and was lower at severe group. The level of NO was negatively correlated with right ventricular pressure, which indicated that the severe meconium aspiration was companied with severe damage of endotheliocyte which promoted and exacerbated PPHN.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the new mode of industry-university-institute unification for pharmacy professionals. METHODS:The research-teaching interactive platform was established through the principles of“complementary advantages, shared interests and mutual benefits”. RESULTS:It changed the traditional teaching mode,and it ensured the professional plan-ning,curriculum development and training objectives of students based on“4 analysis,2 setting and 1 implementation”. CONCLU-SIONS:The opportunities for cooperation between students and employers were broadened and students’awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship was enhanced. It cultivates project-based pharmaceutical,technical and skilled personnel,solves the problem of industry-university-institute unification and has certain significance for the development of China’s pharmaceutical education.

Objective To evaluate the expression of serum vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) on recurrence and/or metastasis following surgery in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma,and to ana1yze the relationship between serum VEGF and serum thyroglobulin levels.Methods The serum samples were obtained from 25 patients with pulmonary metastasis, 43 cases with locoregional recurrence, 30 cases without recurrence and/or metastasis and 30 normal subjects were selected as control.The levels of serum VEGF were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) ,the levels of serum thyroglobulin were analyzed by chemiluminescence method. Results The level of serum VEGF[(864.3 ±200.3)ng/L] in patients with pulmonary metastasis were significantly higher than that in patients with locoregional recurrence[(393.3 ±96.3)ng/L],without recurrence and /or metasta-sis[(276.6 ±47.7)ng/L] and normal subjects[(268.6 ±36.9)ng/L](t=11.04,14.34,14.66,all P<0.05), while there was no significant difference of serum VEGF level between without recurrence and /or metastasis and normal subjects (t=0.73,P>0.05).It showed linear correlation between serum VEGF and thyroglobulin levels on recurrence and/or metastasis following surgery in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma ( r=0.902 2, P<0.001) .Conclusion The serum VEGF level was significantly elevated in patients with locoregional recurrence and pulmonary metastases, the serum VEGF can be used as a auxiliary index to predict recurrence and /or metastasis following surgery in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Objectives To understand the mutations of embB genes in M. tuberculosis isolates, and to evaluate their clinical value. Method 102 clinical isolates were identified for their mycobacterial species, and then analyzed their embB genes with PCR SSCP, PCR RFLP, and PCR direct sequencing. Results Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H 37 R v was used as a control. 102 clinical isolates all had the same 16S rDNA SSCP profiles as M. tuberculosis . Forty one drug sensitive isolates had normal embB SSCP and RFLP profiles. Of 61 ethambutol resistant isolates, 23 (37.7%) displayed abnormal embB SSCP profiles. Eight isolates had abnormal RFLP profiles. All embB mutations situated at codon 306, whose EMB MICs were more than 20 ?g/ml. Eight isolates had ATG to ATA or ATT mutations at codon 306. Thirty isolates had ATG to GTG or CTG mutations at codon 306, whose EMB MICs were more than 30 ?g/ml. Conclusions Ethabutol resistances in some M. tuberculosis isolates were due to mutations on embB genes. PCR SSCP and PCR RFLP method might become a simple and rapid diagnostic test for genotypes of M. tuberculosis ethabutol resistance.

To evaluate the clinical value of PCR SSCP to detect the rPOB, katG and rPSL resistance genes in M. tuberculosis, the mutation of genes and results of drug sensitive test in strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from 123 patients and grown with Bactec 960 were analyzed, drug sensitive test and polymerase chain reaction single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR SSCP) were performed. Clinical therapeutic effect was evaluated. In nearly one third of the patients, resistance against one drug was found in primary treatmnent. The mutation rate of RFP, INH and SM drug sensitive isolates was 6 2%, 10 8%, and 25 4%, respectively, while that of drug resistant isolates was 60 2%, 48 0%, and 61 5%, respectively. The magnitude of drug resistance was in accordance with the increase in mutation rate of genes. Detection of the resistance genes could be a new approach in guiding treatment, and it might complement drug sensitive test in clinical management of tuberculosis patients.

M.tuberculosis strains isolated strains from sputum specimens of 134 patients were analyzed by PCR SSCP and traditional drug susceptibility tests. The results sbowed that the gene mutation rate of PZA, SM, RFP,INH and EMB resistance in those clinically isolated strains was 42 7%,71 7%,78 9%,68 6% and 43 9%, respectively. The gene mutation was in relation with drug resistance level of M. tuberculosis. The gene mutation rate was higher in high concentration resistance strains than in low concentration resistance strains.

Objective To investigate the mutation of embB and pncA genes in mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, and assess its clinical value. Methods The drug-sensitivity of 106 clinical isolates of mycobacterial species was identified by the tranditional method, and then analyzed the mutation of their embB and pncA genes with PCR-SSCP. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H 37 RV was used as a control. Results The mutational frequency of pncA gene in 94 PZA-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis was 44 6%(42/94). The mutational frequency of embB gene in 83 EMB-resistant isolates was 54 2%. The frequency of both genes mutation was 11 8%(11/94). Conclusion EMB and PZA resistances in some mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were due to mutations of embB and pncA genes. PCR- SSCP method might become a simple and rapid diagnostic test for genotypes of EMB and PZA resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis.

To study the therapeutic action of tuberculosis Ag85A DNA vaccines. Methods:BALB/c mice were infected by in-traperitoneal injection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv for 8 weeks, and then treated with the saline (A), plasmid vector (B), M. bovis BCG (C), M. vaccae (D), and Ag85A DNA vaccine (E). Ag85A-specific antibodies were determined by ELISA. The lungs, livers and spleens were taken and observed their pathological changes, weighted and performed mycobacterial cultures 2 or 5 monthes after treatment. Spleen cells were tested for proliferative responses.Results:Ag85A-specific antibodies increased in the mice of group E. At 2 months after immunothera-pies, the stimulation rates of spleen cells had no significant difference among each group. The numbers of viable bacteria in the lungs and spleens of therapeutic group were lower than those in the control group. The group C and B could be observed slight .lesion of lung. At 5 months after immunotherapies, the stimulation rates of spleen cells all increased significantly in the immunotherapeutic groups. The numbers of viable bacteria in the lung and spleen had no significant difference among each group. No lesions of lung could be observed in group E and D. Conclusion:The tuberculosis DNA vaccines seem to have some immunotherapeutic actions.