Antirheumatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Juvenile ; therapy ; Biological Factors ; therapeutic use ; Humans

BACKGROUND: As indicated by previous researches, aluminium (Al) could affect learning and memory of animals through many approaches in cluding affecting the stable status of intracellular calcium, decreasing protein kinase C(PKC) activity, and affecting the release of glutamic acid(Glu) . The formation of long-term potentiation(LTP) weakens in hip pocampal CA3 region of rats fed by forage containing Al. It could be found that Al would weaken evoked potential(EP) in hippocampal CA3 region and inhibit LTP formation, which might be related with the damaging effect of Al on L-Arg-NO approach through further application of acute Al administration, i.e., AlCl3 is directly injected into hippocampal CA3 region by microinjection.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the damaging effect of Al on learning and memory, and its correlation with cholinergic system and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system.DESIGN: A completelyrandomized controlled verifying study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Department of psychology in a university and the medical college of an occupational technology college.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Neuro-Electrophysiology, the Faculty of Physiology, Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology between September 2000 and April 2001. Totally 68 SD rats of ordinary grade in either gender with a body mass between 150 g and 250 g were obtained from the Department of Experimental Animals of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and echnology.INTERVENTIONS: SD rats were randomly divided into 9 groups including normal NS ( NS ) control group ( n = 6): 1 μL of NS was injected twice ( 1 minute interval) into hippocampal CA3 region by microinjection; NS + AlCl3 group( n = 6): 1 μL of NS and 0.5 mol/L of AlCl3 were injected(1 minute interval) into hippocampal CA3 region by microinjection;NS + Tac group( n = 6): 1 μLof NS and 1 × 10-9 mol/L of Tacrine were injected in turn into hippocampal CA3 region by microinjection; NS + Bic group(n=6): 1 μL of NS and 1 × 10-3 mol/L of Bicuculline were injected in turn into hippocampal CA3 region by microinjection; Tac +AlCl3 group: 1 μL of 1 × 10-9 mol/L( n =8),1 × 10-10 mol/L ( n = 6) and 1 × 10-8 mol/L of Tacrine were firsdy injected into hippocampal CA3 region by microinjection, and 1 μL of 0. 5 mol/L AlCl3was injected 1 minute later; Bic + AlCl3 group: 1 μL of 1 × 10-3 mol/L( n = 9) and 1 × 10 -4 mol/L( n = 7) of Bicuculline were firstly injected into hippocampal CA3 region by microinjection, and 1 μL of 0.5 mol/L AlCl3 was injected 1 minute later. Population spike(PS) in hippocampal CA3 region was recorded after using single pulse to stimulate perforating fiber(PF). When PS became stable, medication was injected into hippocampal CA3 region to observe the impacts of Al on EP in hippocampal CA3 region and the impacts of some central transmitters on the effect of Al in in hibiting PS.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PS evoked in hippocampal CA3 region;the impacts of Al on EP in CA3 region and the impacts of some central transmitters on the effect of Al in inhibiting PS. RESULTS: ① After the application of 0.5 mol/L of AlCl3 in hippocampalCA3 region by microinjection, the recorded amplitude of PS reduced to peakat 1 minute, which accounted for(33.8 ± 11. 0) % of the level beforemedication( n = 6). The inhibitive effect of AlCl3 lasted for 120 minutes. ② After the pre-application of 1 × 10-9 mol/L of Tacrine(cholinesterase in hibitor) into CA3 region by microinjection and the application of AlCl3 at oneminute later, it was found that Tacrine antagonized the inhibitive effects ofAlCl3 on PS within 1 to 30 minutes( n = 8) . Its antagonism would extend to60 minutes if 1 × 10-8 mol/L of Tacrine was administrated( n = 6) . How ever, the antagonism of 1 × 10-10 mol/L of Tacrine was weaker than that of 1×10-9 mol/L group within 3-5 minutes(n=6) ③ After thepre-application of 1 × 10-3 mol/L of Bicuculline into CA3 region by mi croinjection and the application of AlCl3 at one minute later, Bicucullinecould partially weaken the effects of AlCl3 within 1 to 20 minutes( n = 9). CONCLUSION: Al of certain concentration can inhibit the evoked PS am plitude in hippocampal CA3 region; Tacrine can antagonize Al' s effects andits antagonism might be related with dose. Hence, the inhibitive effects of Almight be related with the damage in Ach transmitter system. The applicationof Bicuculline, a GABAA inhibitor, also can weaken the PS inhibitive effectsof Al, which indicates that the inhibitive effect of Al also might be effective through GABA approach.

ObjectiveTo observe the spinal cord pathological change and hindlimbs motor function of rats after decompression on chronic spinal cord injury.Methods 30 Wistar rats were divided randomly into conrol group ( n =5 ),compression group ( n =5 ) and decompression group ( n =20 ),then the decompression group was subdivided into 4 parts as 1 week,2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks after decompression.Decompression was made after 30 days of chronic spinal cord copression injury,rats'motor function was detected by inclined plate experiment,the histopathological change,Nissl body and neural cells apoptosis in different spinal cord sections were assessed by the stainings of HE,Nissl and TUNEL.ResultsCompared with control group,the behavior testing showed all rats in compression group presented with weakness of muscle power in their hindlimbs (P ＜ 0.01 ),but the hindlimbs motor functions recovered from the first week after decompression and the difference had statistical significance compared with the compression group(P＜ 0.01 ).Then the rats hindlimbs functions recovered gradually later on.The staining of HE,Nissl and TUNEL showed that the injured spinal cord section performed no improvement at the first 2 weeks after decompression,the neural apoptosis index(24.31 ± 4.73 )％ decreased until the forth week after decompression(P＜0.05).The spinal cord segments closed to the injured part recovered in early stage.At 1 week after decompression,lots of Nissl bodys were observed in spinal anterior horn,the neural apoptosis index in the 2 sections closed to the injured part were ( 15.21 ± 4.81 ) ％ and ( 16.21 ± 3.98 ) ％,which declined observably compared with compression group(P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionAfter decompression on chronic spinal cord injury,the recovery of rats'hindlimbs motor function in early stage is probably benefited by the functional compensation of the spinal cord segments closed to the injured section.

Objective To investigate the association between resting heart rate(RHR)and dyslipidemia. Methods A total of 772 subjects(average age:40. 1 ± 11.8 years;male:74. 7%)were recruited by random sampling method from medical checkup population. The survey data included resting heart rate,blood lipid and other metabolic parameters. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the RHR,as RHR ＜ 70 bpm,70 bpm ≤ RHR ＜ 80 bpm,RHR ≥ 80 bpm groups. Results RHR were positively correlated with triglyceides (TG),as well as total cholesterol(TC)(r = 0. 316 and r = 0. 110 respectively,all P value ＜ 0. 05). Low RHR had no significant correlation with HDL-C or LDL-C. The prevalences of hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia increased significantly with RHR elevation(χ2 = 7. 214 and 5. 285 respectively,all P value ＜ 0. 05). By logistic regression analysis,adjusted for BMI,gender,serum creatinine,serum uric acid,fasting blood glucose and age,we found that compared with RHR ＜ 70 bpm group,the odds ratio(OR)values for hypertriglyceridemia was 1. 540 (95%CI:1. 086-2. 185,P=0. 016)in 70 bpm≤RHR ＜80 bpm group and 1.640(95% CI:1.067 -2.523,P =0. 024)in 80 bpm ≤ RHR group,and the OR values for hypercholesterolemia was 1.197(95 % CI: 0.749 - 1.913,P=0.453)in70 bpm≤RHR ＜80 bpm group and 1.814(95% CI:1. 036-3. 177,P =0.037)in 80 bpm≤RHR group. Conclusions RHR is independently and positively correlated with the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and the blood levels of both lipid. RHR has no significant correlation with HDL-C or LDL-C level.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of L-shikonin in Zilian liniment and evaluate the uncertainty by 2 calculation methods. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Waters C18 with mobile phase of metha-nol-0.025 mol/L phosphate(85:15,V/V)at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 516 nm,column temperature was room temperature,and the injection volume was 10 μl. Quantitative analysis was conducted for the process and procedures calculat-ed by standard curve method and external standard method,and the uncertainty was evaluated. RESULTS:The linear range of L-shi-konin was 4.024-80.48μg/ml;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility test were lower than 2.0%;recovery was 88.5%-93.1%(RSD=2.0%,n=6). Standard curve method was used to determine the content,and the expanded uncertainty was 0.70 μg/ml;ex-ternal standard method was used to determine the content,and the expanded uncertainty was 0.30 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS:Stan-dard curve method is more economical,more convenient and lower uncertainty in the content determination of L-shikonin in Zilian liniment.

Objective To observe the protection of D-amphetamine on rat brain after focal cerebral ischemia.Methods The unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) models were established by using Koizumi's method.TUNEL was applied to detect quantitatively brain cell apoptosis at 1st,3rd and 6th week after operation.Immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR were respectively used to detect the expression of growth-associated protein 43(GAP-43) and GAP-43 mRNA around ischemic area.Results Apoptosis of brain cells reduced evidently in the group treated with D-amphetamine.GAP-43 protein detection demonstrated statistically significant increase in immunoreaction product as determined by optical density measurements in D-amphetamine treated group compared with the group without any agent treatment.The same results appeared in RT-PCR product.Conclusion D-amphetamine can reduce brain cell apoptosis and promote GAP-43 expression.

In order to solve the problem of the basic and clinical problems in medical education,Stomatological College of Chongqing Medical University has introduced early clinical education modes through the social practice of volunteer activities since 2009.The teaching modes of Come early into department come early into department and contact early with the patients and a combination of come early into department+contact early with the patients+community dental service were performed.A total of 525 students and 120 teachers in this program were investigated,more than 70％ of the teachers believed the students were improved obviously in doctor-patient communication,clinical practice,and teamwork spirit.Most of teachers and students approved of a combination of come early into department+contact early with the patients+community dental service,which is worth popularizing.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of selective lobar ventilation on intrapulmonary shunt and inflammatory response in patients with pulmonary dysfunction during thoracotomy.MethodsThirty-four ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients,aged 64-79 yr,weighing 50-85 kg,with moderate and severe impaired pulmonary function,scheduled for esophageal cancer radical correction,were randomly divided into 2 groups( n =17 each): one-lung ventilation group (group A) and selective lobar ventilation group (group B).In group A,endobronchial blocker tube was used to obstruct bronchus principalis and practice one-lung ventilation.In group B,endobronchial blocker tube was used to obstruct bronchi lobares and practice selective lobar ventilation.The blood samples were taken from arteria radialis and internal jugular vein for blood gas analysis and determination of the plasma concentrations of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8 by ELISA before anesthesia induction(T0 ),at 30 min following two-lung ventilation at lateral position (T1),at 60 min following one-lung ventilation or selective lobar ventilation (T2) and at the end of surgery (T3).Ppeak and Plat.were recordeded at the same time.ResultsThe incidence of hypoxemia was significantly lower in group B (0) than in group A(18％ )( P ＜0.05).Compared with group A,Pplat and Ppeak at T1-3,Qs/Qt at T2,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations at T2-3 were significantly decreased in group B( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The selective lobar ventilation can reduce intrapulmonary shunt,inhibit inflammatory response to help lessen mechanical ventilation related lung injury during thoracotomy in patients with pulmonary function.

Objective To compare the efficacy of different doses of ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block in children.Methods One hundred and twenty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children,aged 5-12 yr,scheduled for elective surgery for hand injury,were equally and randomly divided into 4 groups according to the doses of ropivacaine:0.35,0.3,0.25 and 0.20 ml/kg groups.The children received oral midazolam 30 min before surgery.Propofol was given by target-control infusion after admission to the operating room.When the pediatric patients lost consciousness and had no response to verbal command,axillary brachial plexus block was performed under the guidance of ultrasound.0.25 ％ ropivacaine 0.35,0.3,0.25 and 0.20 ml/kg were injected to block the radial,median,ulnar,musculocutaneous and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves.Additional ketamine was given when needed during operation.The duration of block and consumption of general anesthesia and complications were recorded.The degree of sensory block of the region innervated by each nerve and effectiveness of block were assessed.Results The rate of effective block of the radial nerve,median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve was significantly lower,the number of patients requiring ketamine was larger and the duration of block was shorter in group 0.2 ml/kg than in 0.35,0.30 and 0.25 ml/kg groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between 0.35,0.30 and 0.25 ml/kg groups (P ＞ 0.05).No pediatric patients developed block-related complications in each group.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block with 0.25 ％ ropivacaine 0.25 ml/kg can provide better block in children.

Objective To investigate the correlation between microalbuminuria (MAU) and obesity and its indexes, including BMI, waist circumference(WC), and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) , among partial community population in Beijing. Methods A total of 2080 subjects who took physical examination in Beijing, including 810 men and 1270 women with a mean age of(50. 9 ± 13. 1 )years, were enrolled. The informed consent has been achieved from each patients. BMI and WHR were calculated based on collected data of height, weight, WC, and hipline. Urine albumin-creatinine ratio(ACR) within the range of 30-300mg/g was classified as MAU. The subjects were divided into normal albuminuria ( NAU ) group and MAU group. The correlations between MAU and different obesity indexes including BMI, WC and WHR, were analyzed. Results Among the 2080 subjects, there was a positive correlation between BMI (r = 0. 1276,P＜0.01) and ACR, and WC (r = 0.0840, P ＜0.01) and ACR. WHR and ACR was irrelevant ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). In univariate analysis, there was significant difference in BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 ( OR = 2. 02 ) and WC ≥85 cm (male) or≥80 cm (female) (OR = 1.69 ) between NAU group and MAU group (P ＜ 0. 05 ).There was no significant difference in BMI 24-＜ 28 kg/m2, and WHR ≥0. 90 (male) or ≥0. 85 (female)between NAU group and MAU group( P≥0. 05 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI ( OR = 1.06) was an isolated independent risk factor of MAU from age ( OR = 1.01 ), female ( OR = 1.42),systolic blood pressure (OR=1.01), TC (OR=1.93) and HDL-C (OR=0.54). Conclusions Obesity is an independent risk factor of MAU among partial community population in Beijing. The correlation between different obesity indexes and MAU also differs.