Executive function is a superordinate cognitive function of the brain. Executive dysfunction post stroke plays a very impor-tant role in recovery of motor function, which is associated with motor learning, postural control, etc. Executive function training may pro-mote the recovery of motor function. The potential neurological mechanism includes the cerebral network involving a variety of areas.

Motor dysfunction is one of the leading problems after stroke. The evidence existed that motor performance is largely affected by the location and volume of white matter especially the pyramidal tract, but not the cortex. The remodeling of contralesional primary motor output tract highly correlated with motor improvement. The unaffected pyramidal tract axons regenerate and cross into the affected side after ischemia can promte motor recovery after ischemia. Exercise and other rehabilitation may play a role on remodeling of pyramidal tract subsequent after cerebral infarction.

330 cases of impacted mandibular third molar were divided into 3 groups,A:younger than 18 years,B:18-25-year-old,C:ol-der than 25-year.Operation time(min)of group A,B and C was 21.95 ±5.86,6.45 ±4.92 and 18.77 ±9.64(B vs A or C,P <0.01), intraoperative complication rates were 2.73%,6.36% and 30.91%(P <0.01),postoperative complication rates were 51.82%,23.64%and 66.36%(P <0.05),respectively.18-25 year-old is the suitable age for removal of impacted mandibular third molars.

Objective:To study the relationship between susceptibilities of Trichophyton rubrum strains to antifungal agents and their species specificities.Methods: The susceptibilities of Trichophyton rubrum strains to itraconazole,ketoconazole,fluconazole,terbinafine,naftifine,5-flucytosine and amphotericin B were evaluated using a modified microdilution method.The relationship between susceptibilities and genotypes and phenotypes of Trichophyton rubrum strains with different origins was analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD).Results: The Trichophyton rubrum strains showed narrow minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) ranges to terbinafine(0.016-0.032 ?g/ml),naftifine(0.032-0.063 ?g/ml) and itraconazole(0.25-1 ?g/ml),whereas they showed broader MIC ranges to ketoconzole(0.25-2 ?g/ml)and fluconazole(1-32 ?g/ml).MICs of Trichophyton rubrum strains to terbinafine(M_0=0.032 ?g/ml) and naftifine(M_0=0.032 ?g/ml) were the lowest among 7 antifungal agents.Wilcoxon test(Kruskal-Wallis test) suggested that there was no significant relationship of MICs to terbinafine,naftifine,itraconazole and amphotericin B with the genotypes,phenotypes and origins of the Trichophyton rubrum strains.Conclusion: The antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton rubrum strains may not be related to their genotypes,phenotypes or from which part of the body they are isolated.

Objective To assess the contraction and coordination changes in the anterior and posterior thigh muscles of patients recovering from cerebral infarction,and to provide objective references for targeted rehabilitation programs. Methods Eighteen cerebral infarction patients with mild hemiparesis (the patient group) and eighteen age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (the healthy group) were investigated. The surface-electromyographic (sEMG) signals of their vastus medialis,rectus femoris,vastus lateralis,biceps femoris,semitendinosus and semimembranosus were recorded during knee joint flexion and extension in the prone position.The sEMG signals from both legs were recorded for the patient group,but only from the left leg in the healthy group.The standardized root mean square (stRMS) signals and the co-contraction ratios (CRs) were compared and analysed, Results The stRMSs of the rectus femoris,vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on the patients' affected side during knee extension were significantly higher than those in the healthy group at baseline and follow-up.The stRMSs of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus-semimembranous on the patients' unaffected side were significantly higher than those of the affected side and the healthy group during knee flexion at baseline.The CRs during knee flexion on the patientsˊ affected side at baseline and follow-up were significantly higher than those of the unaffected side at baseline. Conclusions After cerebral infarction,the functioning of both the anterior and posterior thigh muscles on the affected side are impaired.The rectus femoris are the most severely impaired knee extensors,and the biceps femoris,semitendinosus and semimembranous are impaired equally in knee flexion.The thigh flexors and extensors lose their normal antagonist-agonist contraction modes.The functions of both the anterior and posterior thigh muscles should be emphasized during rehabilitation to improve abnormal contraction.

Objective: To develop a method to determine the content of a atractylenolideⅠ in Xiangshayangwei Pills. Methods: Reverse Phase HPLC was used to determine the content of atractylenolideⅠ in Xiangshayangwei Pills. The separation was performed on YWG ODS column with methol water (60∶40) as a mobile phase and the wavelength of UV detector was 220nm. Results: The linearity of this method was well with the average recovery of 99.54%. Conclusion: The method is simple, reliable, and sensitive. It also shows good separating degree. It can be used in quality controll of Xiangshayangwei Pills.

Objective To explore the changes in muscle activity patterns in the lower leg during ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion in stroke patients. Methods Ten recovering stroke patients with hemiparesis(Pa- tient group)and ten age-and sex-matched healthy volunteers(Healthy control group)were studied.The subjects performed ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion synchronized with a visual cue while supine.Surface electrodes were applied over the anterior tibialis(TA),caput laterale musculi gastrocnemius(IGM),caput mediale musculi gas-troenemius(mGM)and soleus muscles(SOL)for integrated electromyography(iEMG).Results During ankle dorsiflexion,the TA,lGM,mGM and SOL of the affected side showed a significantly lower iEMG signal than the unaffected side.Activity of the lGM,mGM and SOL of the affected side were significantly lower than in the healthy controls.During ankle plantaflexion,the TA,lGM and mGM on the affected side had significantly lower activity than those of the healthy controls.The mGM of the affected side showed significantly lower muscle activity than the unaffeeted side.The SOL contraction ratio on the affected side was significantly higher than on the unaffected side and in the healthy control group. Conclusion Except for the soleus,there is an obvious decline in muscle activi-ty in the affected lower extremities of stoke patients during ankle dorsiflexion and plantaflexion.The soleus on the affected side becomes the primary plantarflexor in patients with stroke,rather than the caput laterale musculi gas-trocnemius or caput mediale musculi gastroenemius as in healthy subjects.

Objective To establish a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography method for the determination of loganin and morroniside in rat serum containing Liuwei Dihuang Formula(LDF).Methods Loganin and morroniside were extracted from the rat serum using SPE column,then separated on a C_(18)column.A HPLC method for determining serum concentration of mor- roniside and loganin in rats before and after administration LDF was established.Results A good linear calibration curve of lo- ganin and morroniside was obtained.The recovery of the method was in the range of 95 %～105 %.The extracted recovery was more than 75 % ,and within-day and intra-day precisions were less than 12 %.Conclusion This method is sensitive, simple and rapid for monitoring of drug level in the study on pharmacokinetics and different combination of LDF.

Objective To develop a HPLC fingerprints of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.in Inner Mongolia.Methods The RP-HPLC method was adopted on Phenomenex C18(4.6?250 mm,5 ?m)analytical column by gradient elution with acetonitrile and acetic acid buffer solution as mobile phase.The gradient wavelength data acquisition was employed.The analysis time was 60 minutes and the flow rate was 1 mL/min.Results The HPLC standard fingerprints chromatography of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.consists of 10 common characteristic peaks.The results of method validation accorded with the technical standard of fingerprints.Conclusion This method is stable,accurate,reliable,and can provide a scientific basis for the quality control of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch..

AIM: To establish a convenient liquid chromatography-internal standard method for determining ligustilide and 6-gingerol in Kuanxuean Soft Capsule (Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Zingiberis Preparatum, etc.) METHODS: Ligustilide, 6-gingerol and the internal standard naphthalene were separated on a Kromasil C_ 18 column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-trifluroacetic acid (67 ∶ 33, V/V) and was determined at 218 nm. The content of ligustilide and 6-gingerol was calculated by the internal standard method. RESULTS: The recovery of ligustilide was 98.64% (RSD=1.58%); the recovery of 6-gingerol was 97.25% (RSD=1.40%). Result of the standard curve method accords with that of internal standard method. CONCLUSION: The method is sensitive, stable, practical, and suitable for the quality control of Kuanxuean Soft Capsule.