Objective To observe the effect of Shouwujiangya (SWJY) capsule on blood pressure, urinary content of immune globulin G (IgG), ?1-microglobulin (?1-MG) and ?2-microglobulin (?2-MG) of the renal hypertension rats (RHR). Methods To prepare RHR model by 2K1C and observe the urinary content of IgG, ?1-MG and ?2-MG. Results The blood pressure of high dose SWJY capsule group, low dose SWJY capsule group and captoril group was significantly lower than the model group (P

Objective： To study topographic characters of the expression of Cx43 and the proliferation activity of keratinocytes on the upper legs of rats and to explore the relationship beween them. Methods： By rutine paraffin section , immunohistochemical techniques of Cx43 and PCNA were used to study the length of the expression of Cx43 in a unit area of epidermis(LA) and the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA）positive nucleus(%). Results： Within the range of 5 mm in the horizonal direction, the expression of Cx43 in epidermis varied according to the locations of keratinocytes and Cx43 was highly expressed which was about 3.0～4.5 mm from the start point. At the same time, within the range of 10 mm in the horizonal direction, the proliferation activity of keratinocytes was different from site to site and the kerationcytes with similar proliferation activity were clustered as groups, the scale of which was about 10－3 m; One of the sites, with low proliferation activity, was about 3.0～4.0 mm from the start point. Conclusion： This study suggested that the keratinocytes with low proliferation activity had high expression of Cx43.

Objective To study topographic characters of the proliferation activity of keratinocytes on the fore limbs of rats and to explore the relationship beween these characters and meridians. Methods By routine paraffin section,silver staining technique for NOR and immunohistochemical techniques of PCNA were used to study topographic characters of the proliferation activity of keratinocytes. Results The proliferation activity of keratinocytes on the fore limbs of rats is different according to the locations on the horizonal direction,and the keratinocytes with low proliferation activity are clustered into groups,the scale of which is about 10 -3 m.As result,3 4 ribbons of keratinocytes with low proliferation activity are formed on the vertical direction,where 3 4 meridians are supposed to be the positions of the comparative anatomy.Conclusion\ This study suggested that the keratinocytes on the meridians are characteritic of the low proliferation activity.\;[

Objective To assess the efficiency of central urban and rural hospitals in the 7 cities, counties and districts under the jurisdiction of Hangzhou City and the status of the medical markets so as to provide theoretical basis for the promotion of decentralized medical markets. Methods On the basis of defining the scope of a medical market, the HHI values of the medical markets in places where 37 hospitals in Hangzhou were located was calculated, the average efficiency of the various hospitals was measured by means of DEA, and an analysis was made on the correlation between the average efficiency and the HHI values. Results The central urban and rural medical markets in the various places surveyed, whose HHI values were all greater than 1 800, belonged to markets of monopolistic competition. Of the 37 hospitals, there were 11 whose relative efficiency reached 100% and another 11 whose relative efficiency was less than 60%. The greater the monopoly of a medical market, the lower the average efficiency of its hospitals. Conclusion Establishing competitive markets with low market concentration is an effective way of enhancing overall hospital efficiency.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of NRM in the antinociceptive effect of muscle spindle afferents, the influence of NRM lesion on the inhibitory effect of muscle spindle afferents on the nociceptive responses of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons and the effects of the muscle spindle afferents on the NRM neuronal activities were observed. MethodsThe single units of WDR neurons in the spinal dorsal horn were recorded extracellularly, and the inhibitory effects of activating muscle spindle afferents by intravenous administration of succinyicholine (SCH) on the C-fibers evoked responses (C-responses) of WDR neurons were tested before and after lesion of NRM. The ef- fects of the muscle spindle afferents activated by administrating SCH on the single NRM neurons were also examined. Results①lt was found that the C-responses of WDR neurons were significantly inhibited by intravenously adminis- tration of SCH, and the inhibitory effect was reduced after lesion of NRM ;②The activities of most of the NRM neu- rons could be changed significantly by administrating SCH. According to their responses, NRM neurons could be classified into three types:excitatory, inhibitory and non-responsive neurons, and the responses were dose-depen- dent. ConclusionThese results suggest that the muscle spindle afferents evoked by SCH may activate the NRM neu- rons, which plays an important role in the antinociception of muscle spindle afferents.

Objective To investigate the effects of sub-chronic exposure of nickel oxide nanoparticles （Nano NiO） on endocrine function of male SD rats，and to analyze the toxicity and mechanism of Nano NiO on testicular cells. Methods The specific pathogens free male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups with ten rats in each group. Rats in low-，medium and high-dose groups were given Nano NiO suspension with the mass concentration of 0.16，0.80 and 4.00 g/L，respectively； rats in blank control group were given equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution；rats in positive control group were given micron nickel oxide suspension with the mass concentration of 4.00 g/L. Drip every three days for nine weeks. After the Nano NiO exposure，atomic fluorescence spectrometry was used to determine the levels of nickel in the blood and testicular tissue. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum level of sex hormone. The ploidy ratio，cell cycle and apoptosis rate of testicular cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the relative expression of apoptosis related proteins in the testis. Results The level of nickel in blood and testicular tissue of rats in positive control group and the three doses groups were higher than that of blank control group（all P<0.05）. The level of nickel in blood and testicular tissue of rats in the medium-dose and high-dose groups were higher than that in the positive control group（all P<0.05）. There was a positive correlation between the level of nickel in blood and testicular tissue（P<0.01）. The serum levels of testosterone，follicle stimulating hormone（FSH）and luteinizing hormone（LH）in the medium- and high- dose groups were lower than that in blank control group（all P<0.05）. However，there was no significant difference in serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone among all groups（P>0.05）. Compared with the blank control group，the proportion of haploid and diploid cells and the ratio of cells in G0/ G1 and S phase decreased in the medium- and high-dose groups（all P<0.05），the tetraploid cell ratio，G2/M cell ratio and early apoptotic rate of testicular cells increased（all P<0.05）. Compared with the blank control group，the relative expression of B-cell lymphoma-2（BCL-2）protein and the ratio of BCL-2/BCL-2-related X protein（BAX）in testicular cells of rats decreased in the medium- and high-dose groups（all P<0.05），the relative expression of BAX and caspase-3 protein were increased（all P< 0.05）. Compared with the positive control group，the level of nickel in blood and testicular tissue of rats was increased in the high-dose group（all P<0.05），the ratio of haploid cells and the ratio of testicular cells at G0/G1，S phase and BCL-2 /BAX ratio in testicular tissue decreased（all P<0.05），the tetraploid ratio，G2/M phase ratio，early apoptotic rate and total apoptotic rate of testicular cells increased（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Exposure to Nano NiO could inhibit the secretion of FSH，LH and testosterone in male rats. Nano NiO can cross the blood-testosterone barrier，interfere with the proliferation of testicular cells， induce apoptosis of testicular cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway，inhibit the formation of haploid sperm cells， resulting in disorders of spermatogenesis.

Objective To investigate the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management in secondary and above medical institutions in Shaanxi Province,analyze development trend,and put forward sugges-tions for improvement.Methods In May-June,2016,170 secondary and above hospitals in 10 cities were selected for surveying through stratified random sampling method.Survey content included basic situation of hospitals,HAI management,HAI monitoring,and so on.Results Available questionnaires were obtained from 165 hospitals (43 tertiary hospitals,and 122 secondary hospitals).Of 165 hospitals,more than 90% have established HAI manage-ment organizations and regulations,but hospital risk management should be paid more attention,only 63.03% of hospitals perfected the risk management system and 66.06% conducted risk assessment.99.09% of hospitals im-plement training on HAI to all staff regularly and 88.41% conducted effective feedback.In the aspect of staff alloca-tion,88.48% of the hospitals assigned enough professionals for HAI management,but only 34.55% have specific training programme for these personnel.Only 33.94% of hospitals have special funds for HAI control;in the aspect of monitoring on HAI,21.21% of hospital installed and used HAI monitoring software;In the aspect of implemen-tation of monitoring programme,about 90% of hospitals developed monitoring on HAI cases and environmental hy-giene,but only 34.55% and 23.64% of hospitals conducted targeted monitoring on intensive care unit and neonatal intensive care unit respectively.Conclusion Organizational structure of HAI management in Shaanxi Province is perfect,relevant rules and regulations are basically established,basic monitoring projects are universal,but the awareness of risk management needs to be strengthened,professional allocation and professional quality develop-ment are both imbalance,informational monitoring is inadequate.

Objective To explore the effect of the improved abdominal rotation card method in insulin injection. Methods A total of 100 hospitalized diabetes patients were randomly divided into control group (n=50) and observational group (n=50) according to the random number method. In the control group, insulin was injected to the subcutaneous tissue of abdomen with traditional method annular rotating method. Insulin was injected using improved abdominal rotation card method in the observational group. Compare accuracy and mastery rate of injection site rotation between the two groups. Compare fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial 2H blood glucose (PBG), HbA1c, the incidence of hypoglycemia and endermic induration between the two groups after three months. Results The nurses in the observation group had higher accuracy rate of the injection site rotation compared to the control group [98.6%(690/700) vs. 38.6%(270/700),χ2=584.66, P<0.01]. Mastery rate of the injection site rotation for the patients in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group [70.0% (35/50) vs. 20.0% (10/50), χ2=25.74, P < 0.01]. The incidence of endermic induration were significantly lower in observation group compared to the control group [2.0% (1/50) vs.16.0% (8/50), χ2=5.98, P < 0.01]. The incidence of hypoglycemia were significantly lower in observation group compared to the control group [4.0%(2/50) vs. 16.0%(8/50),χ2=4.00, P<0.01]. Conclusions The new abdominal rotation method in insulin injection can be a safe and effective therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The 2016 conference on iodine and thyroid disease is aimed to establish a platform for sharing the achievement on fundamental,preventive and clinical research of iodine and thyroid disease,for exchanging information between producer and consumer on iodized salt,iodine additive and iodine determination,for communication on policy and measures concerning iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) prevention and control,for promoting the exchange of experience between international and domestic scholars in IDD prevention and control and the clinical,fundamental research update and achievement,and for discussing the key and difficult problems.After communication and discussion,the participants at the 2016 conference drafted a consensus on iodine and thyroid disease.Through incorporating the current IDD prevention and control schedule and task,this article describes,elaborates and explains the key items of the consensus with expectation of a better utilization and application of the consensus in the future in IDD prevention and control.

Objective:To establish a quality standard for vinegar frankincense in Liuwei Jingkang capsules. Methods: TLC was used for the identification of vinegar frankincense. HPLC was used for the content determination of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), which was the main active component in vinegar frankincense. A SHIMADZU Shim-pack VP-ODS(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm) column was used. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water containing 0. 01 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid (78 ∶22) at a flow rate of 1. 5 ml·min-1 . The column temperature was 30℃. The detection wavelength was 252 nm, and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The TLC method could identify the characteristic fluorescence of vinegar frankincense was without interference from the blank. There was a good linear relationship of AKBA within the concentration range of 0. 036 5-0. 730 8 mg·ml-1(r=0. 999 7). The average recovery was 98. 24% (RSD=0. 83%, n=9). Conclusion:The established method is accurate, highly sensitive and well re-producible, which can be used for the quality control of Liuwei Jingkang capsules.