Child ; Humans ; Tuberculosis ; mortality

Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases ; Humans

Objective To observe the performances of autophagy and inlfammatory cytokines in wounded mice skin at different time, and to explore the relationship between these performances and the duration of wound in the mice. Methods RT-PCR and West-blot methods were used to detect the genetic expression and protein expression of Beclin-1, LC-3, IL-1α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in wounded skin of the mice. Results After the mice’s skin was wounded, the level of IL-1a and IL-1β genetic and protein expression increased early, the peak was found after 12 hours, and then decreased; the expression of MCP-1 began to increase after 6 hours and it reached peak after 48 hours, then decreased; while the genetic and protein expression of LC3 and beclin-1 began to increase after 6 hours, and the peak was seen after 24hours, then decreased too. Conclusion After the mice’s skin was wounded, the starting and the peak of the expression of autophagy came later than those of inlfammatory cytokines, it is found the level of the expression of inlfammatory cytokines was showing a downward trend when the expression of autophagy reached the peak. This performance may be caused by increasing inlfammatory cytokines in the tissue of the incised wound, which activated the autophagy, and when the level of autophagy reached a certain degree, it could suppress the excessive inlfammatory reaction. So the autophagy and the inlfammatory cytokines interact regularly after the mice’s skin was wounded, and such interaction offers us a reference to infer the injury time after injury.

OBJECTIVE:To study the flavonoids in Inula britannica.METHODS:The Inula britannica was extracted with 95% ethanol and isolated and purified by different column chromatography,the structures of the constituents were derived by measuring the physicochemical constants and spectral analysis.RESULTS:A total of 10 flavonoids were isolated from Inula britannica which were stated as follows:Spinacetin(1),6-methoxy-luteolin(2),Iuteolin(3),Quercetin(4),Isorhamnetin(5),Kaempferol(6),Rutin(7),Patulitrin(8),Isoquercitrin(9)and Quercitrin(10).Of which,compounds 5,7 and 10 were isolated from Inula britannica for the first time.CONCLUSION: This result serves as a scientific basis for the further study of Inula britannica.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the microemulsion TLC for the separation and identification of various effective compositions in Changji'an prescription.METHODS: The compositions in Changji'an prescription were identified on polyamide film(fixed phase) with five distribution ratios of sodium lauryl sulphate-n-butanol-skellysolve C-H2O microemulsions as developing agents.The effects of factors such as the water content of the microemulsion and the temperature on the separation efficacy were studied.RESULTS: With microemulsion(75% water content) as developing agent,Rhizoma Coptidis in Changji'an prescription was detected;with microemulsion(75% water content)-formic acid(9.0∶1.0) as developing agent,Corydalis yanhusuo,Saposhnikovia divaricata,chlorogenic acid and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae in Changji'an prescription were detected.CONCLUSION: Microemulsion TLC is simple,environmental-friendly,sensitive with ideal separation efficacy,and it can be used for the separation and identification of various compositions in Chinese patent medicines.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of flavonoids(quercetin,cyanidenon,spinacetin,and 6-methoxyl-cyanidenon) in Inula britannica. METHODS:The samples were separated on chromatographic column Inertsil ODS-3(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) at a column temperature of 40 ℃.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile-0.49% citric acid(gradient elution) at a flow rate of 1.0 min?mL-1. The detection wavelength was set at 360 nm. RESULTS:The linear ranges of quercetin,cyanidenon,spinacetin,and 6-methoxyl-cyanidenon were 0.17～6.8 ?g(r=0.999 9),0.088～3.52 ?g(r=0.999 9),0.020 2～0.808 ?g(r=0.999 9) and 0.045～1.8 ?g(r=0.999 6),respectively,and the average recoveries of all stood at 96.03%～99.78% and RSD at 0.73%～1.36%(n=6 each). CONCLUSION:The method is simple,sensitive,accurate and reproducible,and it is applicable for the quality control of the raw medicinal substance and preparation of I.britannica.

Although there is a lot of movement for euthanasia legalization after the middle of the 20~(th)century,only Holland and Belgium pass the bill.The reasons include not only that general ethics consensus on euthanasia hasn't been achieved,but also the difficulties of legal definition and systemic arrangement as well as the unhealthy social consequence.To solve the problem,developing the health care system and hospice care is more practical than legalization.

With the improvement of people's consciousness on health and the increasing number of thyroid disease,the demand for individual evaluation on iodine nutrition is increasing.Strict iodine nutrition evaluation indexes include dietary iodine intake,serum iodine,thyroid iodine content,urinary iodine,and milk iodine.Generalized iodine nutrition evaluation indexes also include goiter,thyroid function,thyroid globulin,intelligence and so on.Thyroid function,serum iodine,urinary iodine,and food frequency questionnaire for individual iodine nutrition evaluation have advantages and disadvantages.The appropriate individual iodine nutritional evaluation method and the normal reference range need to be put forward.

Objective To study the effect of TNP-470 treatment on ascitic hepatocarcinoma H22 and potential mechanisms. Methods The experimental approaches employed in the study included in vitro assays of cell proliferation and migration, and in vivo ascitic hepatocarcinoma mouse model. Results In vitro, TNP-470 inhibited cell proliferation of both H22 and human microvascular endothelial cell HMEC. Furthermore, TNP-470 inhibited HMEC migrations. In vivo, TNP-470 treatment significantly improved the life quality of the tumor-loaded mice, including lessen the ascitic effasion, decreased tumor cell viability, lessen the eye blindness, and prolonged the life-span. Conclusion These observations demonstrate that TNP-470 would be an effective drug for treatment of ascitic-fluid type hepatocarcinoma mice.

Inflammasomes are molecular platforms built around several proteins ,composed of intracellular pattern-recognition receptors,the adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain(ASC)and caspase-1. The inflammasome was believed as the cellular machinery triggering the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β)to engage innate immune defenses. Several types of inflammasomes have been identified ,and among them NLRP3 inflam?masome is currently the most fully characterized inflammasome. Recent studies showed that a variety of cardiovascular risk factors , including dyslipidemia,hypertension and kidney disease,hyperhomocysteinemia,obesity,diabetes and metabolic syndrome,can activate NLRP3 inflammasomes,process the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1βand IL-18,and promote atherosclerosis. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes was also associated with decreased stability of atherosclerotic plaque. These studies suggested an important role of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome at the stage of its assembling or activation may be a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.