CD_(44) adhesion molecule is a cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein.It displays many varinat isoforms generated by alternative splicing of exons, including CD_(44s). and CD_(44v). It has been reported that CD_(44) adhesion molecule is strongly expressed on the surface of leukemic blasts in all acute myeloid leukemia subtypes.It has been found through in vitro study that CD_(44) monoclonal antibodies can inhibit proliferation of all acute myeloid leukemia cell lines and induce terminal differentiate or apoptosis of some cell lines to diverse extent. In this review the relationship between CD_(44v), and leukemia was analysed.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of arachidonic acid to PG, and was differently expressed in leukemia, which may be involved in the progression of leukemia. The specific COX-2 inhibitor might become a new target for the therapy of leukemia. In this article, the effect of COX-2 in pathogenesy of leukemia and application of COX-2 inhibitor in leukemia are reviewed.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in the development of leukemia.COX-2 inhibitor plays a certain anti-leukemia role in the process.Many studies show that COX-2 inhibitor plays antileukemia role by inhibiting the proliferation of leukemia cell,promoting apoptosis,affecting cell cycle,inhibiting cell metastasis and reversing cell drug resistance and so on.Therefore,the researches about the anti-leukemia mechanisms of COX-2 inhibitor will provide a new target in clinical prevention and treatment of leukemia.

Clonal hematopoiesis is a special mode of hematopoiesis in which hematopoietic stem cells with specific genetic and molecular biological characteristics differentiate into mature blood cells. It is the basis of a variety of hematological diseases. In depth study of its etiology, mechanism and characteristics are conducive to our understanding of the value of clonal hematopoiesis in different populations or diseases. This article reviews the latest progress in clonal hematopoiesis and its related clonal diseases.

Leukemia is a kind of cloning disease from malignant hematopoietic stem cells. Its patho-genesis may have relationship with proliferation out of control,dysdiffreentiation and inhibition of apoptosis about leukemia cells. The study confirms that CD44 is expressed in leukemia cells,promoting the occurrence and development of leukemia through participation in cell adhension,proliferation,migration and invasion behavior. In vitro experiment shows that CD44 targeted therapies can effectively kill leukemia cells,and reduce the toxicity to normal tissue cells. Therefore,aiming at the design of the anticancer drugs targeted for CD44 is expected to be used in clinical treatment of leukemia.

Objective To study the efficacy of intravitreous injection (IVI) or sub-Tenaninfusion (STi) of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for diabetic macular oedema. Design Retrospective cases series. Participants 37 cases (37 eyes) with diabetic macular oedema confirmed by fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Patients were received 4mg TA by single intravitreous injection or 40mg TA by three times sub-Tenoninfusion at 0d, 2w, 4w. The best corrected visual acuity, fundus examination, intraocular pressure, fundus fluorescence angiography were further analyzed, and the retinal thickness of macular fovea were measured by OCT. Main Outcome Measures The visual acuity, thickness of retinal macular fovea, ocular pressure was measured. Results 32 cases (32 eyes) completed the 24 week followed-up. In group IVI, the visual acuity before and after injection was 0.10±0. 03, 0.24±0.06(F=15.459, P=0.000) respectively; and retinal thickness of macular fovea is(460.73±46.33)μm,(394.53±41.43)μm (F=25. 282, P=0.0000) respectively. But in group STi, the visual acuity before and after injection is 0.11±0.04, 0.18±0.07(F=6.989, P=0.000) accordingly; and retinal thickness of maculur fovea is (454.76±56.28)μm,(424.94±42.69)μm (F=5.145, P=0.000) respectively. There was obvious statistical significance between two methods at same time point(all P<0.05). The serious, irreversible complications had not been found in all patients during follow-up. Conclusion Triamcinolone acetonide by single intravitreous injection or repeatedly sub-Tenoninfasion are good ways to relieve diabetic macular oederna, IVA-TA is more effective, and STi-TA safer. (Ophthaimol CHN, 2009, 18: 246-250)

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of gliclazide sustained-release tablet for recently diag-nosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods 118 subjects with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes and normal figure were divided into three groups. The three group subjects used gliclazide sustained-release tablet, repaglinide(import-ed) ,novolin 30R for 12 weeks,respectively. For all pretherapy and post-treatment cases, blood glucose and glycosy-lated hemoglobin were tested before meal. After two hours of meal, blood glucose was tested again. Meanwhile, hypo-glycaemia event was inspected. The test results were analyzed by "mean ± standard deviation" method. Results There are no significant difference(P>0.05) in fasting blood sugar and postprandial blood sugar(2h) level between the group using gliclazide sustained-release tablet and the group using novolin 30R. The clinical effects of both gli-clazide sustained-release tablet and novolin 30R to fasting blood sugar are all better than that of repaglinide(import-ed) (P < 0.01). But there are no significant difference in postprandial blood sugar(2h) level between the group of us-ing gliclazide sustained-release tablet and the following two group: repaglinide(imported) and novolin 30R. Conclu-sion The investigation results show that gliclazide sustained-release tablet is better than repaglinide(imported) in fasting blood sugar. But for the effects of postprandial blood sugar(2h), there is no significant difference between gli-clazide sustained-release tablet, repaglinide(imported) and novolin 30R.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperurieemia on cardiovascular and cerebrovaseular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods According to the level of blood uric acid,430 patients with T2DM were divided into hyperuricemia group and non-hyperurieemia group, the differences of uric acid(UA) ,creatine(Cr) ,total cholesterol(TC) ,triglyeride(TG) ,fasting blood glucose(FBG) ,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) and body mass index(BMI) were compared,and the occurrences of coronary heart disease, hypertension and acute cerebrovascular accidence were observed. Results The FBG and HbAIc were not significantly different between the two groups(P＞0.05). The BMI ,TG,TC and Cr in the hyperurieemia group were significantly higher than those in the non-hyperuricemia group(P＜0.05 ). The incidence rates of coronary heart disease, hypertension and acute cerebrovascular diseases in the hyperuricemia group were also significantly higher than those in the non-hyperuricemia group (P＜0.05 ). Conclusion Hyperuricemia is obviously correlated with obesity and blood lipid abnormalities. Hyperurieemia can aggravate the metabolic disturbances,and can accelerate the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and eerebrovascular diseases in the patients with T2DM.

Objective To analyze the common respiratory tract infection pathogens distribution and their drug resistance in pedi-atric cardiac intensive care unit(CICU),so as to provide reference for clinical rational use of antibiotics.Methods 1 350 cases of sputum specimens from lower respiratory tract infection patients of pediatric CICU in the medical center between January 2011 and December 2012 were cultivated and drug susceptibilities were tested.The results were retrospectively analyzed.Results 490 patho-genic strains were isolated from 1 350 cases of sputum specimens and identified,including Gram negative bacilli 288 strains (58.78%),Gram positive coccus 140 strains(28.57%),fungi 62 strains(12.65%,mainly Candida albicans ).Gram negative bacilli was given priority to with Klebsiella pneumoniae (62 strains,12.65%),followed by Branhamella catarhalis ,Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa and Escherichia coli .The rates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs)-producing strains among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 73.33% and 66.13%,respectively.Gram positive coccus was given priority to with Staphylococcus aureus (65 strains,13.27%),followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae .Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)accounted for 24.62%.Conclusion Staphylococcus aureus ,Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are main pathogens of re-spiratory tract infection in pediatric CICU.And there is multiple drug-resistant bacteria infection.Rational applicattion of antibiot-ics according to the test results of isolation and drug susceptibility is an effective way to control the infection of critical children and reduce the emergence of resistant strains.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of right lateral position with real-time monitor for capsule endoscopy.MethodsA total of 80 patients were randomly divided into two groups.The observation group assumed the right lateral position,while the control group was in upright,standing or sitting position.The capsule endoscope was monitored real time.The patients were allowed to move after the capsule endoscope passed pylorus.Gastric transit time,small bowel transit time,small bowel examination completion rate and positive detection rate were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe mean gastric transit time of the observation group was (31.7 ± 29.8)min,which was significantly shorter than that in the control group (62.6 ± 55.9) min ( U =559.000,P =0.020).The mean transit time of small bowel was (221.3 ±78.8) min in the observation group,which was not significantly different from that of the control group ( t =0.511,P =0.611 ).The examination completion rate of whole small bowel was 95.0％ (38/40)in the observation group,which was significantly higher than that of the control group (x2 =5.165,P =0.023).The positive detection rates were 75.0％ (30/40) and 65.0％ (26/40),respectively,which were not significantly different (x2 =0.952,P =0.329).ConclusionThe right lateral position with real-time monitor during capsule endoscopy is of better clinical value.