Objective:To investigate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),survivin,P53 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in thymic carcinoma and type-B3 thymoma. Methods:The clinicopathological changes of thymic carcinoma in 9 cases and of type-B3 thymoma(well differentiated thymic carcinoma) in 21 cases were examined by microscopic observation of immunohistochemical stained EGFR,survivin,P53 protein and PCNA,respectively. Results:Clinically,the median age of the patients with the tumor was 43.5 years old.All the tumors displayed a pattern of infiltration growth.Immunohistochemical staining of the tumors indicated that the expressions of EGFR,survivin,P53 protein and PCNA in thymic carcinoma were 77.8%(7/9),88.8%(8/9),77.8%(7/9) and 100%(9/9),respectively.Meanwhile,in type-B3 thymoma,they were 67.7%(14/21),71.4%(15/21),33.3%(7/21) and 85.7%(18/21),respectively.It was statistically significant that the immunohistochemical phenotypes of the tumor displayed a different reaction for P53 protein. Conclusion:The thymic carcinoma and type-B3 thymoma may possess a complete invasive characteristic,clinically.To discriminate thymic carcinoma and type-B3 thymoma,the expression of P53 protein is a more valuable index than EGFR,survivin or PCNA.

The classifications of the thymoma and their pathologic diagnosis is closely related to the clinical treatment of the disease. Similarly, it is a focal on the clinicopathologic study today. In this paper,the classification of the thymoma and their developing process in the histopathological changes was extensively discussed, and various type of the histopatholgic characteristic of the tumor was compared. It was suggested the new edition of the thymoma classifications of WHO should be operated in practical work. Additionally, the B1 type thymom, the thymic lymphoma and the histopathological changes of thymus in myasthenia gravis patients were described respectively, and it was also considered that the new edition of the thymoma classifications of WHO had some incomplete aspects in the pathological diagnosis.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological changes, immuniohistochemistry and molecular genetics phenotypic charac-teristics of the alveolar soft part sarcoma ( ASPS) . Methods 16 cases of ASPS were studied with clinicopathological, cytochemistry technique and immunohistochemical staining, two cases of ASPS were studied by FISH. Results There were 6 males and 10 females with the age 8~58 years (median age 31. 7 years). The tumors were located at limbs, shoulder and back, tongue, vocal cords, lung, cervix, and ureter. The clinical manifestations of the patients was a slowly growing mass. Histopathologically the tumor showed typical organ-like or acinar-like structure with sinus-like blood vessels and the fibrous septa formation. Sometime the clear or abundant eosino-philic granular cytoplasm of the tumors were obvious. The tumor cells had a crystalline substance formation by PAS staining. The tumor cells were positive for TFE3 and Cathepsin K by immunohistochemical staining. The ASPL-TFE3 gene fusion detection of tumor cells were present. Conclusion ASPS often located on the limbs of young patients. It may misdiagnosed as malignant epithelial tumors, primary or metastatic adenocarcinoma and paraganglioma when the tumor locate on a rare anatomical parts or an organs, such as tongue, vocal cords, cervix, ureter, etc. It is valueable that the typical alveolar-like structure of the tumor and the expression for TFE3 and Cathepsin K for the pathological diagnosis of ASPS. It is an important indicator that the ASPL-TFE3 gene fusion detection by FISH for the tumor.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the amplification of human telomerase reverse tran-scriptase (hTERT) gene and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma. Methods The cervical epithelial cells were collected from 34 samples of normal cervical epithelium, 31 samples of CIN (gradeⅠ), 33 samples of CIN (gradeⅡ), 34 samples of CIN (gradeⅢ) and 20 samples of cer-vical carcinoma. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction-reverse dot blot hybridization (PCR-RDB) and the amplification of hTERT gene was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results Twenty subtypes of HR-HPV were detected including HPV16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67, 68, 69, 73 and 82. The inci-dence of HR-HPV infection was higher in CINⅡgroup (72.73%), CINⅢgroup (85.29%) and cervical carcinoma group (90.00%) than that of normal cervical epithelium group (20.59%). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of HR-HPV DNA between CINⅠ group (54.84%) and normal cervical epithelium group (P < 0.005). The positive rate of hTERT gene amplification was higher in cervical carcinoma group (80.00%) than that of normal cervical epithelium group (0). There were no significant differences in the positive rates of hTERT gene amplification between CINⅠgroup ( 3.22%), CIN Ⅱ group (18.18%), cervical carcinoma group and CIN Ⅲ group (41.18%). There was positive correlation between hTERT gene amplification and HR-HPV infection (r=0.238, P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of HR-HPV infection was positively correlated with hTERT gene amplification in cervical lesions. HR-HPV infection may be an early event of ab-normal amplification of hTERT gene. The detection of HPV-DNA and hTERT gene can be used in the clinical diagnosis of early cervical lesions.

Objective To explore the clinical value of examining HPV E6/E7 mRNA level in assessing cervical le?sions infected with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). Methods The cervical epithelial cells were collected from 265 patients with HR-HPV infection, including 100 cases of neoplasia free/inflammation group (control group), 88 cas?es of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅰ, 33 cases of CINⅡ, 28 cases of CINⅢand 16 cases of cervical carcinoma and the transcription of HPV E6/E7 mRNA level was examined using branched DNA (b-DNA) technology. Results The positive rate HPV E6/E7 mRNA were higher in CIN Ⅱ(81.82%), CINⅢ(89.29%) and cervical cancer group (100.00%) than tthat in control group (20.00%) and CINⅠ(35.23%) with significant difference, and there were no significant differences between other groups;The positive rate and transcription level of HPV E6/E7 mRNA in HSIL (high grade squamous intraepi?thelial lesion)and cancer group were significantly higher than normal, ASC(atypical squamous cell carcinoma) and LSIL(low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) group (P<0.05). Conclusion The transcription level of HPV E6/E7 mRNA may re?flect the activity of the virus and the progression of disease, and could be use as an effective indicator to screen high grade cervical pathological changes and a complementary method of cervical lesion screening.

Objectives:To study the clinicopathological changes of mediastinum lesions.　Methods:Specimens from 405 cases of mediastinum lesions from 1967 to 1997 were studied.　Results:Sex ratio, male to female was 216 to 189, median age was 26 years. There were 230(56.8%) cases of tumors and tumor-like lesions, 172(42.5%) cases manifested with myasthenia gravis. Case composition, 113 cases of thymus lesion(49.1%), 36 cases(15.7%) of germ cell tumors, 30 cases(13.0%) of neurological neoplasm, 6 cases(2.6%) of lymphoma, and 29 cases(12.6%) of cysts. Location, 165 cases(71.7%) were in the front mediastinum in which thymoma was the commonest, 6 cases(2.6%) were in the middle mediastinum in which lymphoma was the commonest, 30 cases were from the posterior mediastinum in which neurological tumors were the commonest. Follicular proliferation of the thymus was observed in 145 cases(84.3%) of MG, and 27 cases did not(15.7%) . Thirty eight cases(22.1%) of MG were from thymoma, and 12 cases(7.0%) from microscopic thymoma.　Conclusions: Prognosis of MG with thymus follicular proliferation was better than those without proliferation and thymoma, fortunately, most thymus with MG were follicular proliferative. Microscopic thymoma could be discovered on pathology. Thymus tumors consisted more than half of the mediastinum neoplasm, the incident of lymphoma was low.

Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are of important clinical value in various tumors.However, few studies are reported about their role in thymic epithelial tumors.This article aims to explore differential expression profile of miRNAs in type B3 thymoma and thymic carcinoma.Methods This study included the pathological data about 45 cases of type B3 thymoma and thymic carcinoma surgically treated in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2015, of which 3 cases of type B3 thymoma (control group) and another 3 cases of thymic carcinoma (case group) were subjected to miRNA microarray for determination of the differential expressions of miRNAs in the tumor tissues.The up-and down-regulated miRNAs were calculated, their target genes were predicted via online databases, and the thymus-related genes were identified.Results Totally, 32 differentially expressed miRNAs (including miR-125b-1-3p, miR-3175, and miR-4462) were up-regulated and another 19 (including miR-361-5p, miR-130a-3p, and miR-3651) down-regulated in thymic carcinoma.AKT1, C9, CD19, CDC42, LSS, and MYC were identified as the target genes of miR-377-5p, ADCYAP1R1, ASPA, CAD, and CD63 as the target genes of miR-458-5p, and AKAP12, CD28, FOXP1, and MDM4 as the target genes of miR-183-5p.Conclusion Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in type B3 thymoma and thymic carcinoma and their target genes predicted using the prediction software, which may provide some valid evidence for further study of thymic epithelial tumors.

Objective To investigate the microenvironment of the thymus on lymphocytes, dendritic cells and epithelial cells were studied in patients with myasthenia gravis.Methods (1) The thymus specimens of 25 cases were examined using light microscopy,in which 10 were males,15 females with an average age of 31 years old. The lymphoid tissue with proliferation was in 13 cases, without proliferation in 12 cases. Additionally, 7 cases had congenital heart disease (the average age was 27 years old) and the thymus of an infant (1 case) was examined. (2) Immunohistochemical staining for CD1a?CD4?CD8?CD20?CD45RO?S 100?CKPan and EMA were performed onto the specimens. Some of them with positive dendritic cells on S 100 and CD1a were counted. Results (1) It showed that the positive cells of CD1a located at cortical areas of the thymus with or without lymphoid tissue proliferation in MG and non MG cases. However, there were some positive cells in the medulla, Hassall corpuscles and the vascular space areas of the thymus. (2) The CD4 staining was negative. (3) The expression of CD8 and CD45RO was expressed in the medulla, peripheral areas of the Hassall corpuscles and vascular space of the thymus. (4) CD20 was expressed in the medulla and the germinal central areas. (5) The expression of S 100 for dendritic cells were 23.5 and 47.5 per 100 mm 2 in both having medullary follicular hyperplasia and no follicular hyperplasia groups. The CD1a were 2.1, 3.8 per 100 mm 2, respectively. The statistic was significant as compared with both groups with or without proliferation of thymus medulla. (6) The expression of CK was located in the cortex, medulla and Hassall corpuscles. But EMA, CEA were negative. Conclusions (1) There were expressions of suppressive T cells (CD8) and B lymphocytes (CD20) with or without the thymus medullary lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. (2) The changes of numerous quantity of the dendritic cells on the thymus were displayed which showed a relation to the proliferation of T, B lymphocytes and the formation of germinal central of thymus.It suggested that the dendritic cells and the other stromal cells of the thymus may serve as an important role in MG occurrence.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological changes of the diffuse-type giant cell tumor of the bone and joint. Methods 42 cases of the diffuse-type giant cell tumor of the bone and joint were studied and the follow-up data were reviewed. Results The male patients were 19 and the female were 23, with the male to female ratio of 1 ∶ 1. 2. The age of the patients was 8~69 years (the average age was 37. 6). It was displayed that the patients presented local pain and swelling (34 cases), including dysfunction (18 ca-ses) of the bone and joint. Clinically, the lesions located on the knee joint ( 71. 4%) in 30 cases, the hip and ankle in 9 cases (21. 4%), and the wrist elbow in 3 cases (7. 1%). 27 cases were examined by MRI. Among them, the diffuse-type giant cell tumor was diagnosed in 9 cases (33. 3%). The effusive lesions of the joint presented in 5 cases, the non-specific synovial lesions and others in 3 cases. The obviously diffuse hyperplasia of synovial cells with nodular growth pattern was found. However, a high proliferative in-dex of the tumor cells and the rich-cell tumor were found. But there was no tumor necrosis. Histopathologically, the tumor cells of dif-fuse-type giant cell tumor contained marked brown pigments, multinucleated giant cells formation and a lot of lymphocytes proliferation or follicular reaction in 17 cases (40. 5%) with invasive growth and involvement of the joint and surrounding tissue. 6 cases recurred (20%) , including 2 cases with 2 times. Conclusions The diffuse type-giant cell tumors most commonly involve the knee, followed by the hip and ankle. Preoperative examination of MRI can be help for the diagnosis of the tumor. Histopathologically, diffuse-type gi-ant cell tumor with synovial cells rich-hyperplasia and the villous structures formation more likely recur. The main biological character-istics of diffuse-type giant cell tumor are invasive growth pattern, usually into the soft tissue around the joints.

Purpose To explore the clinicopathological characteristics of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma ( PNHL) of lung. Methods The clinical features, morphology and immunohistopathological phenotypes were retrospectively studied in 28 cases of PNHL and re-viewed of the literature. Results The composition of this group of cases is 18 cases of male, 10 cases female. The a median age of pa-tients was 57 years old. According to the WHO classification, all of the 28 cases of in our PNHL series were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma ( NHL) , including 17 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue extranodal marginal zone lymphomas ( MALT) , 5 diffuse large B cell lymphomas ( DLBLC) , 2 NK/T cell lymphomas and 2 anaplastic large cell lymphomas, 1 mantle cell lymphoma ( MCL) and 1 pe-ripheral T cell lymphomas, unspecified, respectively. One-third PNHL patients presented with specific clinical symptoms such as cough, chest pain, dyspnea, and fatigue, Imaging examination showed unilateral or bilateral pulmonary infiltrate, single lesions or multiple nodules, and the lesions always involved with the trachea, bronchus and lung. Follow-up was completed in 16 patients ( range, 3 to 38 months) . 3 cases were conducted with pneumonectomy, among which 2 cases were given postoperative adjuvant chem-otherapy. Seven patients were given chemotherapy alone, and 5 patients did not give any treatment following initial diagnosis. At the time of last follow-up, 13 patients were alive with disease, 2 patients were died. The tumor metastasis in the left inguinal lymph node was found in one patient after 2 years by surgery. Conclusions It was shown that there was no specific clinical manifestations and fea-tures of pulmonary PNHL. Among of them, the MALT is the most common diseases, and the highly aggressive lymphomas many be oc-cur, such as the DLBLC, NK/T cell lymphoma. The diagnosis of PNHL depends on pathological examination. The immunohistochemi-cal staining and molecular pathological technology may helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the tumors.