Objective:To investigate the change in myogenin expression at different time in long-term denervated human posterior cricoarytenoid muscles(PCAMs),so as to provide a theoretical basis for timing of reinnervation.Methods: Thisty-eight specimens of denervated human PCAMs were divided into 4 groups according to the period of denervation: 6-12 months denervation group(n=12),1-2 years denervation group(n=10),2-3 years denervation group(n=8),and over 3 years denervation group(n=8).Another 12 specimens of normal PCAMs served as control.The patients in all groups were age-and sex-matched.The expression of myogenin protein and mRNA was studied using immunofluorescence staining and real-time PCR analysis,respectively.Results: Immunofluorescence staining showed that the positive myogenin expression was mainly!found in the myonuclei of PCAMs with a denervation period less than 3 years;no positive staining was found in the myonuclei of control group.The expression of myogenin in myonuclei and the ratio of positive cells were up-regulated in the 6-12 month denervation group compared with those in the control group;the expression and the ratio peaked in 1-2 years denervation group and decreased again in the 2-3 years denervation group,but was still significantly higher than those of the control group(all P

Objective:To study the morphological changes of posterior cricoarytenoid muscles(PCM) in patients with long-term denervation of recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN),so as to provide theoretical evidence for repair of recurrent laryngeal nerve at advanced clinical stage.Methods: Thirty-eight patients with damaged RLN were divided into 4 groups according to the duration of their RLN damage: 6-12 months group(n=12),1-2 years group(n=10),2-3 years group(n=8),and over 3 years group(n=8).Twelve subjects with normal PCM served as control.Trichrome Masson staining and imaging analyzing system were used to quantitatively analyze the transverse section areas of myofibers,collagen fiber and connective tissues.SDH and AchE staining and cell counting method were used to analyze changes of two kinds of myofibers and motor end plate numbers at different times after denervation of recurrent laryngeal nerve.Results: The transverse areas of myofibers gradually decreased and those of collagen fibers gradually increased with the prolongation of denervation;the difference was significant between different groups(P

0. 05), the mean effective discharge time was 3. 4+ 3. 2 (P0. 05), the mean effective discharge time was 2. 6+1. 7 (P

Objective To evaluate the effects of irregular hepatectomy combined with chemotherapy by placing pump inside hepatic artery on the postoperative recurrence rate and the postoperative survival rate. Methods The clinical data of 66 cases of hepatic cancer treated in the last 15 years were reviewed. 48 cases out of 66 cases were treated with simple hepatectomy and 18 cases with hepatectomy combined with chemotherapy by placing pump inside hepatic artery. Results There was a significant diference in the 1 year or 3 years or 5 years recurrence rate which were 66.7% to 38.9%, 85.4% to 55.6%, 93.8% to 72.2%, respectively in simple hepatectomy group and operation-chemotherapy group ( P

Objective From the point of view of pharmaceutical economics,to analyze and compare the clinical efficacy,safety,compliance and economic effect of three kinds of scheme:1.moxifloxacin,2.moxifioxacin combined with ambroxol,3.azithromycin combined with levofloxacin in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB).Methods Retrieval Chinese joumal full-text database,Wanfang medical database and Chinese science and technology periodical full-text database,included three options for the treatment of AECB randomized controlled trial (RCT) literature,through the analysis of the data to make drug economics evaluation.Results The total effective rates of three programs were 94.92％,95.08％,94.90％,the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The cost-effectiveness ratios were 213.34,536.40,61.22.Conclusion The efficacy of three treatment options is similar,azithromycin combined with levofloxacin has economic advantages.

China ; Humans ; Speech-Language Pathology

Objective To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of mucinous breast carcinoma (MBC) and its prognosis.Methods 112 cases of MBC treated in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University between Jan 2005 and Dec 2014 were enrolled retrospectively together with 1 157cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) for comparison.There were 71 cases of pure MBC (PMBC) and 41cases of mixed MBC (MMBC).PMBC and MMBC were compared with each other,and were also compared with IDC respectively.Results PMBC had smaller tumor mass,higher expression rate of hormone receptors (all P＜0.05),lower rate of lymph node metastasis (7.0％ vs.40.6％,x2 =32.663,P ＜0.001) when compared with IDC.The 5 year disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of PMBC were both better than those of IDC (DFS:94.6％ ±3.0％ vs.81.3％ ± 1.1％,x2 =7.265,P =0.007;OS:92.4％ ±5.3％ vs.88.5％ ± 1.0％,x2 =4.059,P =0.044).MMBC had relatively larger tumor mass,higher expression rate of hormone receptor,but had no difference in the rate of lymph node metastasis (48.8％ vs.40.6％,x2 =3.417,P =0.332) when compared with IDC.There was no statistically significant difference in 5 yearDFSandOSbetweenMMBCandIDC (DFS:79.1％ ±7.1％ vs.81.3％±1.1％,x2 =0.167,P=0.683;OS:84.5％ ±7.2％ vs.88.5％ ± 1.0％,x2 =0.123,P =0.726).PMBC had relatively smaller tumor mass,lower rate of lymph node metastasis,but had no difference in the expression rate of hormone receptors.The 5 year DFS and OS of MMBC were both better than those of MMBC (DFS:94.6％ ± 3.0％ vs.79.1％±7.1％,x2 =6.772,P =0.009;OS:92.4％ ±5.3％ vs.84.5％ ±7.2％,x2 =6.401,P=0.036).Lymph node status was the only statistically significant prognostic factor of MBC by COX multivariate analysis.Conclusions PMBC has better prognosis than MMBC and IDC owing to its lower rate of lymph node metastasis.MMBC has higher rate of node metastasis than PMBC,hence similar prognosis with IDC.

Objective To evaluate the low-dose dual-source whole-body CT angiography in assessing the arteries of Takayasu’s arteritis (TA).Methods Low-dose whole-body CT angiography(CTA)was performed in 57 consecutive patients with suspected TA. The scanning parameters were performed with tube voltage 80 kV and attenuation-based tube current modulation with a referenced tube current at 300 mAs.The volume CT dose index (CTDIvol)and dose-length product (DLP)were obtained for all scans.Subjec-tive and objective image quality of different arteries were assessed in seven anatomic territories,including intracranial,cervical,tho-racic,abdominal,upper extremity,thigh and shank.In addition,CT findings of whole-body arteries were recorded.Results Forty out of fifty-seven patients with definite diagnosis of TA enrolled in this study.Mean CTDIvol and DLP for all patients were (2.5± 0.9)mGy and (403.7±91.4)mGy·cm,respectively.The scoring order of subjective and objective iamge quality was neck,chest, abdomen,thigh,upper extremity,head and shank.5.9% of intracranial arteries,3.3% of lower extremity arteries and 0.5% of upper extremity arteries were extra detected.Conclusion The extra CT findings of intracranial,lower extremity and upper extremity arter-ies provides a more comprehensive evaluation of whole-body arteries involvement.

The study is to design chitosan-coated pilocarpine nitrate submicro emulsion (CS-PN/SE) for the development of a novel mucoadhesive submicro emulsion, aiming to prolong the precorneal retention time and improve the ocular absorption. CS-PN/SE was fabricated in two steps: firstly, pilocarpine nitrate submicro emulsion (PN/SE) was prepared by high-speed shear with medium chain triglycerides (MCT) as oil phase and Tween 80 as the main emulsifier, and then incubated with chitosan (CS) acetic solution. The preparation process was optimized by central composite design-response surface methodology. Besides the particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and micromorphology were investigated, CS-PN/SE's precorneal residence properties and miotic effect were especially studied using New Zealand rabbits as the animal model. When CS-PN/SE was administered topically to rabbit eyes, the ocular clearance and the mean resident time (MRT) of pilocarpine nitrate were found to be dramatically improved (P < 0.05) compared with PN/SE and pilocarpine nitrate solution (PNs), since the K(CS-PN/SE) was declined to 0.006 4 +/- 0.000 3 min(-1) while MRT was prolonged up to 155.4 min. Pharmacodynamics results showed that the maximum miosis of CS-PN/SE was as high as 46.3%, while the miotic response lasted 480 min which is 255 min and 105 min longer than that of PNs and PN/SE, respectively. A larger area under the miotic percentage vs time curve (AUC) of CS-PN/SE was exhibited which is 1.6 folds and 1.2 folds as much as that of PNs and PN/SE, respectively (P < 0.05). Therefore, CS-PN/SE could enhance the duration of action and ocular bioavailability by improving the precorneal residence and ocular absorption significantly.

Objective: To validate thyroid perichondrium with muscular pedicle in laryngopharyngeal repair.Methods: The thyroid perichondrium with muscular pedicle was used. in 2 cases undergoing resection of laryngopharyngeal cancer during different patterns of repair operation. Results: A 1 5 year follow up study showed that both cases achieved the goal of reparative healing. Conclusion: The advantages of this technique are easy to draw materials, good enough in blood supply, mobile for use, and benefitial to epithelializing and filling up the tissue defect. The disadvantages are the limited area and sometimes mild contraction or fibrosis. [