AIM: To measure the effect of addition of heparin to TPA on cell proliferation and apoptosis in CNE2 cells and investigate the possible molecular mechanisms underlying heparin and TPA interaction on cell proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS: Cell viability and cell cycle were determined by cell counting and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUPT nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and agarose gel electrophoresis. The expression of c-jun, c-fos, p21 and p53 was examined by Western blot. RESULTS: TPA alone inhibited CNE2 cell proliferation and evoked apoptosis associated with typical morphological changes and DNA fragmentation, which was augmented when heparin was added. Compared with TPA or heparin alone, TPA plus heparin obviously enhanced the number of TUNEL-positive cells from 23%?1.2% to 51%?0.9%. After exposure to different concentrations of heparin (with or without TPA) for 24 h, CNE2 cells were accumulated G 0/G 1 phase. There was a decrease in the number of cells in S phase by the combined heparin and TPA treatment compared to heparin or TPA alone. Western blot analysis revealed that TPA induced the increases in c-jun and p53, p21 protein expression and the levels were remarkably increased following heparin in combination with TPA treatment, whereas no significant change in c-fos was detected. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that heparin synergistically potentiates the action of TPA in CNE2 cells, which may be associated with the increase in c-jun protein level and the upregulation of p21, p53 protein expression.

AIM: To determine whether heparin combined with staurosporine was more effective than either agent alone on anti-proliferation and apoptosis in CNE2 cells, to improve the understanding of the mechanisms by which staurosporine and heparin influence cell proliferation and apoptosis, and to further examine the role of different apoptosis-related oncogenes in regulation of staurosporine and/or heparin -mediated cell proliferation and apoptosis in CNE2 cells. METHODS: Cell viability was determinted by methl-terazolium (MTT). Apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst 33258 staining, TUNEL, and agarose gel electrophoresis as well as flow cytometry. The expression of bcl-2, bax, c-myc was examined by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Staurosporine elicited typical apoptotic morphologic changes. Compared with staurosporine alone, staurosporine plus heparin obviously enhanced the number of TUNEL-positive cells,and the percentage of apoptosis was 2 6%?1 2%, 14 3%?1 5%, 33 2%?0 2%, 57 9%?0 3%, respectively. SubG 1 peaks were detected on flow cytometry, the apoptotic index was enhanced from 3 8% to 56 8%. The DNA laddering was more clearly observed by the treatment with staurosporine plus heparin. Similarly, the expression of bax protein and mRNA, and the level of c-myc protein were overexpressed by the treatment with staurosporine plus heparin, while no significant changes were found in the expression of bcl-2 protein and mRNA following drug exposure. CONCLUSION: The present data suggested that heparin and staurosporine appears to interact in a synergistic manner, which may be regulated by the overexpression of c-myc, bax.

Objective To investigate the effects of nicardipine,urapidil,and esmolol on baroreflex sensitivity(BRS) in patients with essential hypertension(EH) during induction of general anesthesia.Methods EH patients were divided into four groups,who were given nicardipine 0.5μg/kg(group N,15 cases),urapidil 0.5 mg/kg(group U,16 cases),esmolol 0.25 mg/kg(group E,16 cases)or normal saline (group C,15 cases)at 2 min before induction.The induction of general anesthesia was performed with the same drugs.Sodium nitroprusside 50-100 μg was administered tomake systolic pressure(SBP)decreased by 15-25 mm Hg at different time points of before induction,before incubation,at 5,10,15,20 and 30 rain after intubation.The RR intervel on ECG was recor(ded and BRS was calculated during hypotensive period.Results BRS was reduced in groups of N,U and C after intubation compared with that before(P<0.05 or P<0.01),which was lower in grouP N than that in group C,but was higher in group E than that in group C at all time points(P<0.05).Conclusion The induction of general anesthesia may reduce BRS in EH patients.which is aggravatedby preinjection of nicardipine.Urapidil has no effect on BRS,but esmolol may increase BRS during induction of general anesthesia.

The prevalence of obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) increased gradually with age. The coexistence of COPD and CHF was very common but often neglected. To avoid overlooking COPD in patients with known CHF, pulmonary function tests should be routinely obtained. Likewise, to avoid overlooking CHF in patients with known COPD, left ventricular function should be routinely assessed. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide was a useful index to differentiate COPD exacerbation from CHF decompensation in patients presenting with acute dyspnea. Skeletal muscle metabolic alterations and its atrophy were the common mechanisms which resulting in deterioration of function capacity in elderly patients with CHF and COPD. Contrary to the conventional belief, long-term beta adrenergic blockers should be given to elderly patients with CHF and COPD. Exercise training reverses rapidly progress of skeletal muscle metabolic alterations and atrophy and promotes independence and life quality in elderly patients.

Protein kinase C(PKC) is a serine/threonine kinase groups including a series of isoenzyme.Hyperglycemia and elevated free fatty acid can affect signal transduction pathway function,in particular activation of diacylglycerol (DG) and PKC,which occurs in the diabetic state. Activation of PKC lead to insulin resistance and diabetic vascular complications. PKC ? isoform selective inhibitor(LY 333531) and vitamin E have shown potential effect as therapies for diabetic vascular complication.

In this experiment, Animal model of guinea pig's experimental Autoimmune sensorineural hearing Loss was established by injecting crud inner ear antigen (CIEAg), Dexamethason was used to tret the deaf guinea pigs for one week, the ABRT(Acoustic Brain—stem Reaction Threshold) of guinea pigs was measured and the morphological change of the guinea pigs inner ear, tissue was observd. We found that the deaf guinea pig's ABRT rose distinctly to 60. 8?5.31 dBspl and inner ear hair cell showed severe damage. The number of the hair cell of the third cochlear turn lost 111?55.8. After one week treatment with Dexamethason,the treated group's ABRT reduced to 48. 8?6. 69dBspl, the number of the outer—hair—cell of the third cochlear turn is only 57. 254?18. The results indicate that Dexamethon has effect on the AISNHL,it can clearly lighten the damage of inner ear tissue and significantly improve the ABRT. The mechanism still remains unknown.

Though the mechanisms involved in the induction of pancreatic islet β cell dysfunction and apoptosis under diabetes conditions are still not clear, previous studies have shown that triggered or aggravated endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress play essential roles in impairment of β cell functions, especially the JNK pathway which can be activated by both of them.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adrenal Insufficiency ; therapy ; Adult ; Humans ; Male

Objective To evaluate the effects of magnesium sulphate on the efficacy of postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with morphine. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 45-60 yr weighing 48-70 kg scheduled for elective upper abdominal surgery were randomly allocated into 2 groups ( n = 30 each) : morphine group (group M) and magnesium sulphate-morphine group (group MS) . If the VAS score=3, PCIA was started. Patients in group M received morphine in a 0.015 mg/kg bolus dose. Patients in group MS received morphine 0.015 mg/kg and magnesium sulphate 0.9 mg/kg. The consumption of analgesic drugs was recorded at 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h after 1st attempt. The gastrointestinal function recovery time was recorded. Venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia induction and at the end of operation and analgesia to determine the serum magnesium and calcium ion concentrations. Results Compared with group M, the consumption of analgesic drugs was significantly decreased, and the gastrointestinal function recovery time after operation was significantly shortened in group MS (P < 0.05). The serum magnesium ion concentration in both groups was significantly lower at the end of operation and analgesia than before anesthesia induction ( P < 0.05) . The serum magnesium ion concentration in group MS was significantly higher at the end of analgesia than at the end of operation ( P <0.05) .There was no significant difference in the serum calcium ion concentration between M and MS groups. Conclusion Magnesium sulphate can ameliorate the efficacy of postoperative PCIA with morphine.

Objective To improve the animal model of hypertrophic scars for studying their pathology. Methods Twenty nude mice were divided randomly into two groups of 10. In group one every mouse received a full thickness piece of human skin grafted into the subcutaneous tissue of their hack. After the graft had survived 14d after transplantation, a burn was caused on the graft with a heated copper cylinder. The mice in the second group received the transplant but no burn. The status of the grafts and scars was observed, and histological examinations of the grafts were performed. Results Nine mice in group one survived, of which eight developed obvious and persistent hyper-trophic scars after the burns. These were hard and rose above the surrounding skin. Eight nude mice survived in group two, of which only six developed hypertrophic sear analogues after transplantation. Histological examinations showed abundant collagen deposition and inflammatory infiltration in all sears. Conclusion The similarity, repeat-ability, certainty, and survival rate of this improved hypertrophic scar model are superior to those reported previously. This improved animal model can induce obvious and persistent scarring that can be used to observe the whole proce-dure of hypertrophic scarring, so it is a useful tool for studying hypertrophic scars.