Objective:To explore whether ginsenosides-Rb1 (Gs-Rb1)can relieve cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1)via protein kinase C (PKC)system.Methods:Cardiomyocytes of neonatal rat were random-ly divided into blank control group,Gs-Rb1 group,ET-1 group,Gs-Rb1+ET-1 group,ET-1+CHE (chelerythrine, PKC blocker)group and Gs-Rb1 +ET-1 +CHE group.After 96h intervention,cardiomyocyte surface area,total protein content,PKC activity,c-fos and p-c-jun expressions were measured.Results: (1)Cardiomyocyte surface area and total protein content in Gs-Rb1+ET-1 group were significantly lower than those of ET-1 group (P <0.05~<0.001),but not significant different with those of Gs-Rb1+ET-1+CHE group,P =0.569;(2)PKC activity in Gs-Rb1+ET-1 group was significantly lower than that of ET-1 group [(9.3±0.6)pmol·min-1 ·mg-1 vs.(14.1± 0.9)pmol·min-1 ·mg-1 ],but significantly higher than that of Gs-Rb1+ET-1+CHE group [(2.7±0.2)pmol· min-1 ·mg-1 ],P <0.001 all;(3)Expressions of c-fos and p-c-jun gene and protein in ET-1 group were significant-ly higher than those of blank control group (P <0.001 all);compared with ET-1 group,there were significant re-ductions in expressions of c-fos [mRNA/protein:(0.53±0.05/0.39±0.02)vs.(0.43±0.03/0.31±0.03)]and p-c-jun [mRNA/protein:(0.64±0.04/0.44±0.02)vs.(0.33±0.05/0.37±0.03)]in Gs-Rb1+ET-1 group and ex-pressions of c-fos [mRNA/protein:0.41 ± 0.05/0.31 ± 0.02]and p-c-jun [mRNA/protein:0.31 ± 0.05/0.36 ±0.03]in ET-1+CHE group (P <0.05 or <0.001),expressions of c-fos and p-c-jun gene and protein in Gs-Rb1+ET-1+CHE group were significantly lower than those of Gs-Rb1+ET-1 group and ET-1+CHE group (P <0.05 or<0.001).Conclusion:Gs-Rb1 can significantly inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ET-1 and PKC system is one of pathways mediating this biological effect.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Lu’s warm needling moxibustion with silver needles plus external application of antiphlogistine and specific electromagnetic spectrum in compositely treating knee osteoarthritis. Method Sixty patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 30 cases each. The treatment group received warm needling moxibustion with silver needles plus external application of Ruyi antiphlogistine and specific electromagnetic spectrum and the control group, intraarticular injection of sodium hyaluronate plus oral administration of celecoxib. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups. Result The total efficacy rate was 93.3% in the treatment group and 73.3% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).The knee pain score (P<0.01,P<0.05), the daily physical function score (P<0.01,P<0.05) and the knee stiffness score (P<0.01,P<0.05) decreased in the two groups after treatment compared with before. After treatment, the knee pain score, the knee stiffness score and the daily physical function score decreased more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion Lu’s silver needle acupuncture as main therapy can significantly improve the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis.

Objective To study the infection status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in blood donors .Methods anti‐HCV was detec‐ted by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .HCV RNA was detected by using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction .Results The positive rate of anti‐HCV in blood donors was 0 .07% (109/163 782) .Among 109 positive donors ,80 donors were anti‐HCV positive while only one reagent was used ,and 29 donors were anti‐HCV positive when two reagents were used .80 cases were anti‐HCV positive in first donors and 29 cases were anti‐HCV positive in repeated donors .Among the 80 donors who were anti‐HCV positive while only one reagent was used ,72 samples according with the demand of nucleic acid test were tested by the nucleic acid test ,of whom HCV RNA was negative .Conclusion The positive rate of anti‐HCV in Yancheng donors could be lower than general population .There might be no change of positive rate of anti‐HCV in blood donors during the three years .The positive individuals could be negative in nucleic acid test while only one reagent was used in ELISA test .

Objective To evaluate the effect of mouse nerve growth factor on fracture healing.Methods Cochrane library, Pubmed, EMbase, CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data and CBM were searched for the randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of mouse nerve growth factor on fracture healing from the date of establishment of the databases to May 2014.Three independent rese archers evaluated the included studies using GRADE,according to recommend classification method of GRADE system by three researchers,crtical evaluated and data extracted of the quality of the included studies,which conform to the quality standard of RCT was analyzed by Meta analysis.The extracted data were analyzed by RevMan 5.0 and GRAED proiler.Results A total 5 trials were discovered and all of these were in Chinese.Compared with conventional treatment was improved a lot[MD =-8.74,95%CI( -9.79,-7.68),P<0.0001].However, adverse drug reaction in patients with mouse nerve growth factor were increased[OR =14.66,95%CI(1.89, 113.99),P=0.01].The both outcomes were low quality in the GRADE system.Conclusion Mouse nerve growth factor can improve fracture healing and the side effects will also increase.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the related evidence-based guidelines of purulent meningitis in children,and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,EMBase,CBM,Wanfang Data-base,CJFD and VIP,NGC,GIN,TRIP and websites of domestic and international medical associations and industry bodies,the treatment guidelines about purulent meningitis in children were collected. Evidence-based evaluation was performed after data extrac-tion and quality evaluation. RESULTS:Finally 3 guidelines were enrolled in total,with development time ranging from 2004 to 2012,from USA,Britain and Australia,respectively. All of the recommendations were level B,scope and purpose and clarityshowed the higher scores in AGREEⅡ,more than 70%,and applicability showed generally low scores. Penicillin and cefotaxi-me were recommended in purulent meningitis of neonates,and vancomycin combined with cefotaxime or ceftriaxone were recom-mended for infants and children(it was combined with vancomycin when Streptococcus pneumoniae infection was suspected). The dose and duration of each guideline were certain different,and the period of treatment should be longer in neonates. In addition, the glucocorticoid was recommended in all guidelines. CONCLUSIONS:The recommendations of medicines for the treatment of pu-rulent meningitis are basically unanimous,with no regional difference,but there are some differences about dose and the course of treatment. In addition,the classification criteria of the levels of evidence and recommendation are still suboptimal,which needs fur-ther improvement. And guidelines on purulent meningitis should be improved inrigourandapplicabilityin future.

Objective To summarize the experience of tension-free repair for inguinal hernia in the preperitoneal space using modified surgical mesh. Methods From Dec 2008 to May 2010, 134 cases with 138 reducible primary inguinal hernia were randomly divided into two groups. Sixty-seven patients (70 hernias) in the study group underwent tension-free repair in the preperitoneal space by modified surgical mesh, while the control group (67 cases, 68 hernias) underwent Rutkow's herniorrhaphy by surgical mesh.Results Postoperatively 127 cases (95%) were followed up from 2 to 18 months with an average of 9. 2months[64 cases of the test group were followed up with an average of(9 ±4) months, 63 cases of the control group followed up with an average of (9 ± 5 ) months]. There was no recurrence. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the operation time (P = 0. 697), blood loss (P = 0. 318 ),hospital stay (P = 0. 116) and total postoperative complications (P = 0. 080). The visual analogue scale of the study group was lower than the scale of the control group ( P = 0. 048 ). Conclusions Modified surgical mesh is more comfortable in the treatment of inguinal hernia with tension-free repair in the preperitoneal space with a comparative result to Rutkow's herniorrhaphy by surgical mesh.

Objective:To investigate lesion size caused by channel radiofrequency volumetric reduction of por-cine tongue base in vitro using the technique of three-dimensional reconstruction. And to evaluate safety about channel radiofrequency volumetric reduction of tongue base. Method: Eighteen fresh porcine tongues were randomly separated into six groups,and each group had three ones. The tongue bases were designed six points according to description of Powell. Tongues base were acted on 10 s and 6 level by Coblation radiofrequency system and were cut into serial freezing histological sections. These segments were sectioned at 20 μm on the injury lesion and stained with H & E. Collected 2D digital imagine of order histological sections, drawn and cut apart part of the le-sion of these sections. Images were procesed IPS and were taken three-dimensional reconstruction and statistics an-alyzes with SPSS10. 0. Result: The mean value of tongue base lesion volumes among points was (359. 5± 5. 6)mm~3 ,(364. 3±7. 0)mm~3 ,(363. 7±7. 2)mm~3, (354. 1±11. 8)mm~3, (349. 4±17. 2)mm~3 ,(353. 5±7. 9)mm~3 separately. Statistic analysis by one-way ANOVA showed that there was a insignificant difference between the groups(P>0. 05). Conclusion:These results demonstrated no significant effect lesion size in channel radiofrequency volumetric reduction in the different points of the tongue base. These data also indicated that coblation radiofre-quency system is a safe method for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.

Water resources are crucial for environmental protection and the health of humans, plants, and animals. Contamination of water by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa can lead to outbreaks of various water-related infectious diseases, posing serious threats to public health and causing significant economic and social losses. Therefore, accurate and timely detection of pathogens in water sources and related substances is vital for preventing water-borne infectious diseases. In recent years, various molecular techniques have been extensively used to address water quality issues, including emerging isothermal amplification techniques such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and helicase-dependent amplification (HDA). These techniques have significantly enhanced the capacity to detect and monitor pathogens in diverse aquatic systems and wastewater. This review focused on commonly used isothermal amplification techniques in water quality assessment and their recent advancements in environmental pathogens detection.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the composition changes of Aurantii fructus before and after fermentation processing and optimize its fermentation processing technology. METHODS:UPLC was conducted to compare the raw and fermentation processed products of same batch of Aurantii fructus,and ensure the chromatographic peaks after fermentation processing. Using peak areas of 4 chromatographic peaks and mildew characteristics of samples as index,fermentation temperature,humidity and time as factor, L9(34)orthogonal test was designed to optimize the fermentation processing technology,and verified it. RESULTS:After fermenta-tion processing,Aurantii fructus obviously showed 2 new monosaccharide glycosides components;the optimized fermentation tech-nology was as follows as fermentation temperature of 30 ℃,humidity of 70% and time of 7 d;verification test results showed RSD of each indicator of decoction pieces prepared by optimized fermentation technology in 3 tests were lower than 2.0%(n=3). CONCLUSIONS:Fermentation processing may lead obvious chemical composition changes in Aurantii fructus;the optimized fer-mentation processing technology can increase the contents of characteristic peaks.

Objective To assess the feasibility and curative effects of laser surgery in treatment of early-stage glottic carcinoma under self-retaining laryngoscope with nasal endoscopic assistance.Methods Thirteen cases of glottic carcinoma(TisN0M0:2 cases;T1aN0M0:7 cases;T1bN0M0:3 cases;T2N0M0:1 case) extirpated with Nd:YAG laser or Diomed laser from June 1999 to March 2003 were retrospectively analyzed.Because of the poor glottic exposure with self-retaining laryngoscope under general anesthesia,various angular nasal endoscopes were used.The tumor was distinctly displayed on monitor screen with nasal endoscopic assistance and were completely removed through vapourization or removed with Nd:YAG laser or Diomed laser.Results The follow-up period was three to five years.Two patients were found to have local recurrence.One patient received treatment with Nd:YAG laser surgery under electronic laryngoscope with local and superfacial anesthesia,and the patient was followed up for three years without showing recurrence.The other patient underwent vertical hemilaryngectomy and was followed up for three and half years without showing recurrence.All 13 cases were followed up for three years,and all of them were alive.Three-year survival rate was 100%(13/13).When they were followed up for five years,one patient lost track(counted as death),therefore the five-year survival rate was 92.3%(12/13).Conclusions With the assistance of various angular nasal endoscope,the glottic tumors can be exposed distinctly under self-retaining laryngoscope and removed completely.Nd:YAG laser or Diomed laser is an effective and safe procedure with minimal invasion for the treatment of early-stage glottic carcinoma.The advantages of this technique include lower complication rate and high rate of preservation of laryngeal functions,avoidance of tracheotomy and the sequela of laryngeal fissure.