The steroidal enzyme cytochrome P45017alpha catalyzes the conversion of progesterone and pregnenolone into androgens, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone, respectively, the direct precursors of estrogens and testosterone. Dihydrotestosterone is the principal active androgen in the prostate, testosterone is also an active stimulant of the growth of prostatic cancer tissue. Inhibition of this enzyme as a mechanism for inhibiting androgen biosynthesis could be a worthwhile therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PCA. In this paper, four categories of steroidal inhibitors of cytochrome P45017alpha will be reviewed, a diverse range of steroidal inhibitors had been synthesized and shown to be potent inhibitors of P45017alpha.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of comprehensive muscle-region therapy based on Chuang Medicine in treating cervical spondylosis of neck type.Method A hundred patients with cervical spondylosis of neck type were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 50 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by the comprehensive muscle-region therapy based on Chuang medicine (muscle-region tuina, fire-needle acupuncture of Chuang medicine, and cupping), while the control group was by regular acupuncture treatment. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and symptoms and signs scores were observed before and after intervention, and the clinical efficacies were compared.Result The VAS scores respectively after 1 and 2 treatment courses were significantly different from that before intervention in the treatment group (P<0.05,P<0.01). The VAS score after 2 treatment courses was significantly different from that before intervention in the control group (P<0.05). After 2 treatment courses, the VAS score in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the symptoms and signs scores (pain intensity, pain-affected area, number of tender points, limited motion, and general score) were significantly different from that before intervention in the treatment group (P<0.01, P<0.05). In the control group, the pain intensity, limited motion and general score after treatment were significantly different from that before intervention (P<0.05,P<0.01). After treatment, the symptoms and signs scores in the treatment group were significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05,P<0.01). The total effective rate was 100.0% in the treatment group versus 84.0% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive muscle- region therapy in Chuang medicine is an effective approach in treating cervical spondylosis of neck type.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of interferon to increase the sensibilization of MGMT positive glioma stem cel s to temozolomide in vitro. METHODS:Glioma cel lines, U251 and SKMG-4, were induced by suspended cloning bal formation method to harvest MGMT positive glioma stem cel s, U251G and SKMG-4G. Cel counting kit-8 assay was used to detect the kil ing effect of interferonα/βcombined with temozolomide on MGMT positive glioma stem cel s. RT-PCR and western blot assay were employed to determine the expression of MGMT and nuclear factorκB in MGMT positive glioma stem cel s. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Western blot results showed positive expression of MGMT in U251G and SKMG-4G cel s at protein levels. After intervention with interferonα/β, the mRNA expression of MGMT and nuclear factorκB in SKMG-4G and U251G cel s was reduced significantly, and then further decreased after temozolomide treatment. These findings indicate that interferonα/βcan remarkably strengthen the kil ing effect of temozolomide on MGMT positive glioma stem cel s.

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and safety of medicinal thread moxibustion plus Chinese medicinal washing in treating acute eczema.MethodEighty patients with acute eczema were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 40 in each group. The control group was externally treated with 3% boric acid solution, while the treatment group was by medicinal thread moxibustion at acupoints from Zhuang Medicine, including Changzi point, Kuihua point, and Jumei point, plus Quchi (LI11), Shousanli (LI10), and Xuehai (SP10), in association with Chinese medicinal washing. The clinical efficacies were then analyzed. ResultAfter 2 treatment courses, the total effective rate was 100.0% in the treatment group versus 77.5% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), indicating that the total effective rate of the treatment group washigher than that of the control group; besides, there was no adverse events happened in the treatment group during the whole treatment. ConclusionMedicinal thread moxibustion plus Chinese medicinal washing is efficient and safe in treating eczema.

Objective To investigate the effect of psychological abuse in childhood on the personality of undergraduates with depression as well as its possible mechanism, and thus provide scientific evidence for the intervention of depression in undergraduates. Methods Particinants were 733 undergraduates from a university in Henan Province. They were surveyed with Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), childhood experience of care and abuse questionnaire (CECA. Q) and Eysenck personality theory (EPQ). Results the correlation between maternal antipathy and introversion-extroversion of personality;psychological abuse in childhood had apparently positive correlation with the depression in undergraduates (r = 0. 257, r = 0. 304, r =0. 243, P＜ 0. 01) and that of childhood maternal neglect to psychoticism (β = 0.206, P＜ 0.01) were positive and significant. The standard regression coefficients of paternal neglect to introversion-extroversion (β= -0. 143, P＜0. 01)were negative and significant . The scores of childhood paternal antipathy and maternal antipathy explained that childhood paternal antipathy had indirect effect via adulthood neuroticism on the depression in undergraduates,furthermore, the indirect effect demonstrated 59.8% of the total effect. Conclusion This study suggests that the personality of undergraduates with depression is affected directly by psychological abuse in childhood, and adulthood personality may mediate the relation between childhood psychological abuse and adulthood depression.

Objective To explore the characteristics and its clinical significance of troponin I(cTnI),myo-cardial enzymes and intraoperative hemodynamic changes in the pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver trans-plantation. Methods Liver transplantation was performed in 50 congenital biliary atresia children who were ranged from grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ in Tianjin First Central Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA),meanwhile,the method of the combined intravenous - inhalation anesthesia was ap-plied during operation. Blood samples were drawn from central vein before skin incision(T0 baseline),at 30 min of an-hepatic phase(T1),30 min of neohepatic phase(T2),and 12 h,36 h after operation(T3,T4). Levels of cTnI,crea-tine kinase(CK),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and α - hydroxy butyric acid dehydrogenase(α - HBDH)were mear-sured,respectively. Furthermore,heart rate(HR),mean arterial blood pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP) and arterial blood gas analysis[pH value,pa(O2 ),pa(CO2 ),and base excess(BE)]were monitored at the moment of T0,T1,T2 as well as the end of surgery. Results The levels of cTnI,CK,LDH and α - HBDH in T1 - T3 were in-creased,and there was a peak at the T2 compared with the baseline at T0(all P ﹤ 0. 05). At T3 and T4,cTnI,CK, LDH and α - HBDH levels significantly decreased compared with those at T2(all P ﹤ 0. 05),the levels of cTnI were (0. 06 ± 0. 02)μg/ L,(0. 37 ± 0. 52)μg/ L,(0. 05 ± 0. 02)μg/ L,CK levels were(344. 6 ± 209. 5)U/ L,(466. 1 ± 116. 4)U/ L,(219. 3 ± 111. 5)U/ L,LDH levels were(552. 3 ± 414. 9)U/ L,(966. 4 ± 454. 1)U/ L,(322. 8 ± 108. 8) U/ L,and α - HBDH levels were(301. 6 ± 124. 0)U/ L,(456. 4 ± 168. 4)U/ L,(146. 2 ± 80. 2)U/ L,respectively. The levels of hemodynamics significantly changed in anhepatic phase and neohepatic phase. Compared with T0:T1,HR ac-celerated,MAP,CVP decreased,BE value increased,and the differences were statistically significant(all P ﹤ 0. 05);T2,open vena cava and back to the blood volume surge,CVP,MAP increased,HR decreased but still higher than T0, BE value further increased,and the differences were statistically significant(all P ﹤ 0. 05). After the surgery,various hemodynamic indexes fell to preoperative levels,the levels of HR were(103. 1 ± 5. 9)times/ min,(128. 8 ± 8. 5) times/ min,(115. 1 ± 0. 3)times/ min,(103. 5 ± 5. 9)times/ min,MAP levels were(59. 7 ± 9. 1)kPa,(48. 7 ± 5. 4) kPa,(58. 6 ± 7. 1)kPa,(59. 1 ± 8. 6)kPa,CVP levels were(7. 5 ± 4. 3)kPa,(3. 9 ± 4. 6)kPa,(5. 8 ± 3. 5)kPa, (7. 2 ± 4. 1)kPa,BE levels were( - 1. 5 ± 5. 0)mmol/ L,( - 0. 4 ± 5. 7)mmol/ L,(1. 0 ± 3. 8)mmol/ L,(2. 4 ± 2. 2)mmol/ L,respectively. Conclusions The myocardial injury may appear during the perioperation of pediatric living donor liver transplantation and gradually aggravated during the anhepatic phase. The worst injury peaks at 12h and it gradually returns to the preoperative level 36 h postoperativelly.

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on brain injury in the pediatric patients undergoing living-related liver transplantation (LRLT).Methods Sixty pediatric patients with congenital biliary atresia,of both sexes,aged 6-10 months,weighing 6.5-9.5 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅲ or Ⅳ,scheduled for elective LRLT,were randomly divided into either control group (group C,n =30) or ulinastatin group (group U,n =30) using a random number table.Starting from the end of anesthesia induction to the end of surgery,ulinastatin 10 000 U/kg was infused intravenously in group U,while the equal volume of normal saline was infused intravenously in group C.Before operation,at 30 min of anhepatic phase,and at 3 and 24 h of neohepatic phase,blood samples were drawn from the central vein for determination of the concentrations of S-100β protein and neuron-specific enzyme in serum (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-10 and IL-18 in serum (by radio-immunity method).Results Compared with group C,the serum concentrations of S-100β protein,neuron-specific enzyme,IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly decreased,and the serum concentration of IL-10 was significantly increased at 30 min of anhepatic phase and 3 and 24 h of neohepatic phase in group U (P＜0.05).Conclusion Ulinastatin 10 000 U/kg infused intravenously during operation can reduce brain injury in the pediatric patients undergoing LRLT.

Objective To investigate the transfection efficiency of combination of ultrasound (US) microbubbles (MBs) mediated liposome small interference RNA (siRNA) to human and rat retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Methods Human and rat RPE cells and siRNA were incubated in 24-well plates (2×10~5/well and 1×10~5/well, respectively). The cells were devided into 5 groups: siRNA+US, siRNA+MBs+US, siRNA+L (liposome), siRNA+L+US, siRNA+L+US+MBs. After 12 h, transfection efficiency was observed with fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Results US or ultrasound targeted microbubbles destruction without liposome-mediated could not promote siRNA transfection efficiency to human and rat RPE cells. The transfection efficiency of human and rat RPE cells significantly decreased in the siRNA+L+US+MBs group, but increased in siRNA+L+US group. Conclusion Ultrasonic irradiation can promote lipid-mediated siRNA transfected human RPE cells.

Objective To analyze the isolation rates and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) from intensive care unit (ICU)between 2010 and 2013,and provide evidence for clinical anti-infective therapy. Methods The isolation and antimicrobial resistance of AB from ICU between 2010 and 2013 were analyzed retro-spectively.Results A total of 1 413 pathogenic strains were isolated,556(39.35%)of which were AB,isolation rates in each year were 39.45%,41 .35%,29.44%,and 40.53% respectively.AB were mainly isolated from lower respiratory tract (75.72%).Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results showed that AB had low resistance rates to cefoperazone/sulbactam(5.85%)and amikacin (17.45%);detection rates of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant AB increased from 9.63% and 3.70% to 42.50% and 31 .88%,respectively (both P < 0.001 ). Conclusion AB is the common pathogen in ICU,antimicrobial resistance is serious,isolation of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant AB increased year by year;intensifying the monitoring of drug resistance is helpful for the treat-ment and prevention of AB infection.

Objective To investigate the practical efficacy and safety of ultrasound with microbubbles mediated rAAV2-EGFP to retina of rat after intravitreal and subretinal injection. Methods Gene transfer was examined by rAAV2-EGFP intravitreal and subretinal injection into the Wistar rats with or without microbubbles. The eyes were exposed to US (1 MHz,2 W/cm2, duration 5 minutes,duty cycle 50%,pulse recurrent frequency 100 Hz). The onset of EGFP gene expression, lightness of fluorescence, area of fluorescence and its distribution in the fundus in vivo via fluorescence stereosocope were investigated on the 4th,7th, 35th,49th and 120th day respectively. The value of gene transfer was quantified through the EGFP fluorescence quantitative methods by Axiovision 3. 1 software. HE staining was used to observe tissue damage. Results There was no fluorescence observed by fluorescence stereosocope after intravitreal injection after two-month study. After subretinal injection, ultrasound-targeted microbubbles destruction (UTMD) strongly increased gene transfer efficiency. UTMD used in the experiment did no harm to the rat retina structure. Conclusions UTMD could not enhance rAAV2-EGFP transfecion efficiency to rat retina after intravitreal injection but the transduction could be enhanced significantly after subretinal injection.