The steroidal enzyme cytochrome P45017alpha catalyzes the conversion of progesterone and pregnenolone into androgens, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone, respectively, the direct precursors of estrogens and testosterone. Dihydrotestosterone is the principal active androgen in the prostate, testosterone is also an active stimulant of the growth of prostatic cancer tissue. Inhibition of this enzyme as a mechanism for inhibiting androgen biosynthesis could be a worthwhile therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PCA. In this paper, four categories of steroidal inhibitors of cytochrome P45017alpha will be reviewed, a diverse range of steroidal inhibitors had been synthesized and shown to be potent inhibitors of P45017alpha.

Objective To investigate the effect of psychological abuse in childhood on the personality of undergraduates with depression as well as its possible mechanism, and thus provide scientific evidence for the intervention of depression in undergraduates. Methods Particinants were 733 undergraduates from a university in Henan Province. They were surveyed with Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), childhood experience of care and abuse questionnaire (CECA. Q) and Eysenck personality theory (EPQ). Results the correlation between maternal antipathy and introversion-extroversion of personality;psychological abuse in childhood had apparently positive correlation with the depression in undergraduates (r = 0. 257, r = 0. 304, r =0. 243, P＜ 0. 01) and that of childhood maternal neglect to psychoticism (β = 0.206, P＜ 0.01) were positive and significant. The standard regression coefficients of paternal neglect to introversion-extroversion (β= -0. 143, P＜0. 01)were negative and significant . The scores of childhood paternal antipathy and maternal antipathy explained that childhood paternal antipathy had indirect effect via adulthood neuroticism on the depression in undergraduates,furthermore, the indirect effect demonstrated 59.8% of the total effect. Conclusion This study suggests that the personality of undergraduates with depression is affected directly by psychological abuse in childhood, and adulthood personality may mediate the relation between childhood psychological abuse and adulthood depression.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of comprehensive muscle-region therapy based on Chuang Medicine in treating cervical spondylosis of neck type.Method A hundred patients with cervical spondylosis of neck type were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 50 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by the comprehensive muscle-region therapy based on Chuang medicine (muscle-region tuina, fire-needle acupuncture of Chuang medicine, and cupping), while the control group was by regular acupuncture treatment. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and symptoms and signs scores were observed before and after intervention, and the clinical efficacies were compared.Result The VAS scores respectively after 1 and 2 treatment courses were significantly different from that before intervention in the treatment group (P<0.05,P<0.01). The VAS score after 2 treatment courses was significantly different from that before intervention in the control group (P<0.05). After 2 treatment courses, the VAS score in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the symptoms and signs scores (pain intensity, pain-affected area, number of tender points, limited motion, and general score) were significantly different from that before intervention in the treatment group (P<0.01, P<0.05). In the control group, the pain intensity, limited motion and general score after treatment were significantly different from that before intervention (P<0.05,P<0.01). After treatment, the symptoms and signs scores in the treatment group were significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05,P<0.01). The total effective rate was 100.0% in the treatment group versus 84.0% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive muscle- region therapy in Chuang medicine is an effective approach in treating cervical spondylosis of neck type.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of interferon to increase the sensibilization of MGMT positive glioma stem cel s to temozolomide in vitro. METHODS:Glioma cel lines, U251 and SKMG-4, were induced by suspended cloning bal formation method to harvest MGMT positive glioma stem cel s, U251G and SKMG-4G. Cel counting kit-8 assay was used to detect the kil ing effect of interferonα/βcombined with temozolomide on MGMT positive glioma stem cel s. RT-PCR and western blot assay were employed to determine the expression of MGMT and nuclear factorκB in MGMT positive glioma stem cel s. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Western blot results showed positive expression of MGMT in U251G and SKMG-4G cel s at protein levels. After intervention with interferonα/β, the mRNA expression of MGMT and nuclear factorκB in SKMG-4G and U251G cel s was reduced significantly, and then further decreased after temozolomide treatment. These findings indicate that interferonα/βcan remarkably strengthen the kil ing effect of temozolomide on MGMT positive glioma stem cel s.

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and safety of medicinal thread moxibustion plus Chinese medicinal washing in treating acute eczema.MethodEighty patients with acute eczema were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 40 in each group. The control group was externally treated with 3% boric acid solution, while the treatment group was by medicinal thread moxibustion at acupoints from Zhuang Medicine, including Changzi point, Kuihua point, and Jumei point, plus Quchi (LI11), Shousanli (LI10), and Xuehai (SP10), in association with Chinese medicinal washing. The clinical efficacies were then analyzed. ResultAfter 2 treatment courses, the total effective rate was 100.0% in the treatment group versus 77.5% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), indicating that the total effective rate of the treatment group washigher than that of the control group; besides, there was no adverse events happened in the treatment group during the whole treatment. ConclusionMedicinal thread moxibustion plus Chinese medicinal washing is efficient and safe in treating eczema.

Objective To investigate the practical efficacy and safety of ultrasound with microbubbles mediated rAAV2-EGFP to retina of rat after intravitreal and subretinal injection. Methods Gene transfer was examined by rAAV2-EGFP intravitreal and subretinal injection into the Wistar rats with or without microbubbles. The eyes were exposed to US (1 MHz,2 W/cm2, duration 5 minutes,duty cycle 50%,pulse recurrent frequency 100 Hz). The onset of EGFP gene expression, lightness of fluorescence, area of fluorescence and its distribution in the fundus in vivo via fluorescence stereosocope were investigated on the 4th,7th, 35th,49th and 120th day respectively. The value of gene transfer was quantified through the EGFP fluorescence quantitative methods by Axiovision 3. 1 software. HE staining was used to observe tissue damage. Results There was no fluorescence observed by fluorescence stereosocope after intravitreal injection after two-month study. After subretinal injection, ultrasound-targeted microbubbles destruction (UTMD) strongly increased gene transfer efficiency. UTMD used in the experiment did no harm to the rat retina structure. Conclusions UTMD could not enhance rAAV2-EGFP transfecion efficiency to rat retina after intravitreal injection but the transduction could be enhanced significantly after subretinal injection.

Objective Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) as a common disease around the world becomes a great threat to the health of human beings.The cynomolgus T2DM model, which preferably simulates human T2DM onset and progress, can be beneficial to the drug development and clinical treatment.In the present study, 37 of T2DM-susceptibility SNPs and the extended genome sequences were used to obtain corresponding SNPs in the T2DM cynomolgus monkeys. Methods Firstly, DNA pool screening was conducted.Then, using polymerase chain reaction to amplify and to sequence the cynomolgus homologous sequences.Using DNAStar software to analyze the differences between bases.Finally, we used analysis of variance and F test to calculate the frequency of alleles.We also used the GLM models of SAS software to analyze the association of genotype with fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin.Results SNP661A,SNP661B, SNP343A, SNP343B, SNP343C, SNP565A, SNP565B and SNP565C were found to have a significant difference of allele frequencies between spontaneous cases and controls.Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that SNP661A, SNP661B, SNP343A, SNP343B and SNP343C may play an important role in the establishment of cynomolgus T2DM models.

Objective To observe the mental and motor development of children with biliary atresia before and after liver transplantation,and analyze the effect of liver transplantation on neurocognitive functions.Methods Fifty children with biliary atresia who experienced living related liver transplantation were selected from Jan.2016 to Dec.2016 in our hospital,with an average age of 5 to 12 months regardless of gender.All the children were assessed by Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID) one day before surgery,to obtain the mental and motor development conditions.The results were indicated with Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI).The levels of preoperative ammonia,bilirubin,albumin and white blood cells were recorded,and their relationship with preoperative neurocognitive development was analyzed.The development indexes were obtained at 2nd week,3rd week and 1st month after surgery by the same method,and the neurocognitive changes were analyzed in children before and after the surgery.The effects of postoperative biliary complications,secondary operations,pneumonia infection and other complications on the postoperative development indexes one month after surgery were assessed.Results The preoperative mental and motor development was both below the standard level in 50 infants with average MDI and PDI in middle and lower state.The correlation analysis among the levels of preoperative blood ammonia,bilirubin and albumin showed statistically significant on development index (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of blood ammonia and bilirubin were negatively correlated with development index,while albumin levels showed a positive correlation.As compared with one day before liver transplantation,MDI and PDI were decreased at 2nd week after operation;the MDI increased,and PDI had no significant change at 3rd week after operation.MDI and PDI were significantly higher at 1 st month after operation than preoperation.As compared with 2nd week after operation,PDI and MDI were significantly increased at 3rd week and 1st month after operation.Postoperative persistent pneumonia infection could affect children's MDI,and biliary complications could affect PDI (P＜0.05).Concision The mental and motor development conditions of children with biliary atresia were in medium/low level,and the levels of preoperative blood ammonia,bilirubin and albumin may have significant influence.Liver transplantation may obviously improve the patient's neurocognitive function.

Objective To study the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation on the ischemia-reperfusion injury of the intestine in rats.Methods BMSCs were isolated from femur of male Wistar rats and cultured,and the phenotypes of third generation cultured cells were identified.B16-F10-Luc-G5 cells were injected into the intestinal submucosa and traced by Luciferin.Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury models were established in male Wistar rats,which were divided into the experimental group (1 ml BMSCs suspension which contained 5 × 106 cells was injected into the intestinal submucosa) and the control group (1 ml normal saline was inject into the intestinal submucosa).Then,serum and intestinal tissue samples were collected at 0,2,6,24,72 and 120 h after operation.Diamine oxidase,D-lactate and TNF-α were tested by ELISA,intestinal tissue samples were observed under the Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy,and tight junction protein-1 (ZO-1) was detected by using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results BMSCs were isolated and cultured successfully and they colonized in the intestine.The pathological changes of the intestine in experimental group were milder than in control group. Intestinal mucosal barrier was more intact in experimental group than in control group.In the experimental group and control group,DAO was (11.36 ± 1.89) and (14.27 ± 2.09)IU/ml (P＜0.05) at 6th h after injection,and that was (5.04 ± 1.04) and (7.35 ± 1.46) IU/ml (P＜0.05) at 24h after injection,respectively.In the experimental group and control group,D-lactate was (1.57 ± 0.25) and ( 1.93 ± 0.19) mmol/L (P＜0.05) at 6th h after injection,and that was ( 1.09 ± 0.13) and ( 1.41 ± 0.07) mmol/L (P＜0.01 ) at 24th h after injection,respectively.In the experimental group and control group,TNF-α was (266.09 ± 8.84) and (286.81 ± 11.54) ng/L (P＜0.01 ) at 6th h after injection,and that was (190.39 ± 4.24) and (218.49 ± 15.51 )ng/L (P＜0.01 ) at 24th h after injection,respectively.The expression of ZO-1 protein was higher in experimental group than in control group. ConclusionInjection of BMSCs into could protect the intestine from ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Objective:To explore the relationship between sleep structure changes and state or trait anxiety in patients with insomnia.Methods:Investigations were conducted with the State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and whole-night ploysomnography (PSG) recorded in 31 patients with insomnia and 20 normal controls.Repeated examinations were conducted in return visits 3～4 months after discharge.Results:Compared to control group,the patients with insomnia had decreased sleep time[(333.71±84.33) min vs.(403.65±19.29) min] and sleep efficiency[(70.41±17.35) % vs.(83.45±4.42) %],and increased sleep latency[(39.48±24.24) min vs.(19.65±8.57) min],REM sleep latency[(106.60±42.89) min vs.(86.80±12.25) min],proportion of S_1 sleep time[(25.36±14.22) % vs.(8.86±1.77) %]and awakening times[(4.45±2.51)vs.(1.75±1.07)].The proportions of S_(3+4) time[(7.38±9.70) % vs.(13.78±4.24) %] and REM sleep time reduced[(14.54±5.61) % vs.(19.18±2.14)%] (Ps<0.05).According to the STAI,scores of both state anxiety[(47.94±8.96) vs.(39.15±4.51)] and trait anxiety[(49.94±8.90) vs.(42.05±7.13)] were significantly higher in insomnia group than in control group (Ps<0.05).State anxiety was positively correlated with sleep latency (r=0.42),REM sleep latency (r=0.25),awakening times (r=0.44) and proportion of S_1 sleep time (r=0.34) (Ps<0.05),and negatively correlated with proportion of REM sleep time (r=-0.41,P<0.01).Trait anxiety was positively correlated with sleep latency (r=0.37,P<0.01) and wakefulness frequency (r=0.29,P<0.05).In return visits,the sleep structure improved,state anxiety score reduced,and trait anxiety had no significant changes.Conclusion:Patients with insomnia have significant sleep structural changes and higher state and trait anxiety.Their sleep structural changes are possilly related to state and trait anxiety.